Transcript chapter review questions
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint ® Clicker Questions prepared by Mark Hollier, Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
C H A P T E R
24
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A(n) __________ nutrient is one that the body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to be useful.
a) b) c) d) regulatory essential endemic caloric
A(n) __________ nutrient is one that the body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to be useful.
a)
b)
c) d) regulatory
essential
endemic caloric
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
a) b) c) d) Nuts Meats Margarine Dairy
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
a)
b) c) d)
Nuts
Meats Margarine Dairy
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain complete proteins by combining __________ and __________.
a) b) c) d) bread; vitamins fats; pasta legumes; cereal grains milk; sugar
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain complete proteins by combining __________ and __________.
a) b)
c)
d) bread; vitamins fats; pasta
legumes; cereal grains
milk; sugar
The major metabolic function for most vitamins is that they assist enzymes by serving as __________.
a) b) c) d) sources of ATP active sites substrates coenzymes
The major metabolic function for most vitamins is that they assist enzymes by serving as __________.
a) b) c)
d)
sources of ATP active sites substrates
coenzymes
Which of the following minerals is required in moderate amounts (>200 mg per day)?
a) b) c) d) Iron Magnesium Iodine Fluorine
Which of the following minerals is required in moderate amounts (>200 mg per day)?
a)
b)
c) d) Iron
Magnesium
Iodine Fluorine
In general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of __________, while building new protein molecules is a form of __________.
a) b) c) d) metabolism; cellular respiration anabolism; catabolism cellular respiration; metabolism catabolism; anabolism
In general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of __________, while building new protein molecules is a form of __________.
a) b) c)
d)
metabolism; cellular respiration anabolism; catabolism cellular respiration; metabolism
catabolism; anabolism
ATP produced during the Krebs cycle is formed by what mechanism?
a) b) c) d) Substrate-level phosphorylation Deamination Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation
ATP produced during the Krebs cycle is formed by what mechanism?
a)
b) c) d)
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Deamination Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation
What is the true function of molecular oxygen acquired by the lungs?
a) b) c) d) O 2 catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the glucose molecule.
O 2 catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
O 2 serves as the final electron acceptor for the oxidation of food molecules.
O 2 drives energy-dependent processes in our cells.
What is the true function of molecular oxygen acquired by the lungs?
a) b)
c)
d) O 2 catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the glucose molecule.
O 2 catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
O 2 serves as the final electron acceptor for the oxidation of food molecules.
O 2 drives energy-dependent processes in our cells.
Predict what would happen to ATP production if a virus pierced holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
a) b) c) d) ATP production would be unchanged because the actual enzymes would not be affected.
ATP production would increase 10 times because more H + could flow back into the matrix.
ATP production would decrease because a hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
ATP production would decrease because the virus destroyed the ATP synthase enzymes.
Predict what would happen to ATP production if a virus pierced holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
a) b)
c)
d) ATP production would be unchanged because the actual enzymes would not be affected.
ATP production would increase 10 times because more H + could flow back into the matrix.
ATP production would decrease because a hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
ATP production would decrease because the virus destroyed the ATP synthase enzymes.
Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the skeletal muscle cells during sprinting?
a) b) c) d) Glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation The Krebs cycle Lactic acid oxidation to pyruvic acid
Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the skeletal muscle cells during sprinting?
a)
b) c) d)
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation The Krebs cycle Lactic acid oxidation to pyruvic acid
Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in the cytosol generate as many ATP as the electrons carried by NADH in the mitochondrial matrix?
a) b) c) d) There aren’t as many electrons in the cytosol.
The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the matrix at a loss of energy.
The cytosolic electrons are transported to a different ATP synthase that is less efficient.
They are smaller electrons.
Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in the cytosol generate as many ATP as the electrons carried by NADH in the mitochondrial matrix?
a)
b)
c) d) There aren’t as many electrons in the cytosol.
The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the matrix at a loss of energy.
The cytosolic electrons are transported to a different ATP synthase that is less efficient.
They are smaller electrons.
The process whereby excess glucose is stored in cells is called __________.
a) b) c) d) glycogenesis glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis glycolysis
The process whereby excess glucose is stored in cells is called __________.
a)
b) c) d)
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis glycolysis
Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from forming in the body?
a) b) c) d) Because ketone bodies form when fat intake is insufficient.
Acetyl CoA is a starting point for fatty acid synthesis.
Because muscle gets converted to fat.
Because cholesterol gets converted to fat.
Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from forming in the body?
a)
b)
c) d) Because ketone bodies form when fat intake is insufficient.
Acetyl CoA is a starting point for fatty acid synthesis.
Because muscle gets converted to fat.
Because cholesterol gets converted to fat.
Which of the following molecules is produced in the process of detoxifying harmful ammonia?
a) b) c) d) Alpha-ketoglutaric acid Amine Urea Keto acids
Which of the following molecules is produced in the process of detoxifying harmful ammonia?
a) b)
c)
d) Alpha-ketoglutaric acid Amine
Urea
Keto acids
What is the primary process by which insulin is released after a meal is ingested?
a) b) c) d) Insulin is secreted in direct response to blood glucose.
The brain sends a hormone to the pancreas to stimulate insulin release.
Insulin release is constant.
The vagus nerve innervates the pancreas and upon food ingestion fires action potentials that stimulate insulin secretion.
What is the primary process by which insulin is released after a meal is ingested?
a)
b) c) d)
Insulin is secreted in direct response to blood glucose.
The brain sends a hormone to the pancreas to stimulate insulin release.
Insulin release is constant.
The vagus nerve innervates the pancreas and upon food ingestion fires action potentials that stimulate insulin secretion.
What is the primary objective during the postabsorptive state?
a) b) c) d) To collect and remove glucose from the blood and deposit it in cells To convert fat to protein To maintain blood glucose at around 70 –110 mg/100 ml of blood To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain
What is the primary objective during the postabsorptive state?
a) b)
c)
d) To collect and remove glucose from the blood and deposit it in cells To convert fat to protein
To maintain blood glucose at around 70 –110 mg/100 ml of blood
To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain
Where are the two primary sources of glucose during the postabsorptive state?
a) b) c) d) Greater omentum and subcutaneous layer Stomach and intestine Liver and skeletal muscle Brain and skin
Where are the two primary sources of glucose during the postabsorptive state?
a) b)
c)
d) Greater omentum and subcutaneous layer Stomach and intestine
Liver and skeletal muscle
Brain and skin
Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon and __________.
a) b) c) d) insulin epinephrine GIP aldosterone
Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon and __________.
a)
b)
c) d) insulin
epinephrine
GIP aldosterone
About __________ of the body’s required cholesterol is dietary.
a) b) c) d) 50% 85% 15% 100%
About __________ of the body’s required cholesterol is dietary.
a) b)
c)
d) 50% 85%
15%
100%
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?
a) b) c) d) The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction.
HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones.
HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue.
HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol.
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?
a)
b) c) d)
The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction.
HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones.
HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue.
HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol.
Heat is produced internally by __________.
a) b) c) d) friction between body parts breaking of bonds within ATP muscle contraction all of the above
Heat is produced internally by __________.
a) b) c)
d)
friction between body parts breaking of bonds within ATP muscle contraction
all of the above
Which of the following structures is responsible for feeding behavior?
a) b) c) d) pituitary medulla pons hypothalamus
Which of the following structures is responsible for feeding behavior?
a) b) c)
d)
pituitary medulla pons
hypothalamus
Which of the following factors is responsible for regulation of food intake?
a) b) c) d) Hormones such as leptin or NPY Body temperature Psychological factors All of the above
Which of the following factors is responsible for regulation of food intake?
a) b) c)
d)
Hormones such as leptin or NPY Body temperature Psychological factors
All of the above
The basal metabolic rate can most effectively be defined as the __________.
a) b) c) d) lowest point of energy used by the body amount of energy needed to maintain life maximal energy used by the body energy required to digest a meal
The basal metabolic rate can most effectively be defined as the __________.
a)
b)
c) d) lowest point of energy used by the body
amount of energy needed to maintain life
maximal energy used by the body energy required to digest a meal
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the BMR?
a) b) c) d) Body surface area Muscle mass Fitness level Gender
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the BMR?
a)
b) c) d)
Body surface area
Muscle mass Fitness level Gender
Of the following heat-promoting mechanisms, which appears to be most effective in adults?
a) b) c) d) Constriction of cutaneous vessels Shivering Increased metabolic rate Thyroxine secretion
Of the following heat-promoting mechanisms, which appears to be most effective in adults?
a)
b)
c) d) Constriction of cutaneous vessels
Shivering
Increased metabolic rate Thyroxine secretion
Which of the following is not a cause of the low metabolic rate typical of the elderly?
a) b) c) d) Declining efficiency of the endocrine system Muscle and bone wasting The liver has become more efficient in detoxification The elderly are less active
Which of the following is not a cause of the low metabolic rate typical of the elderly?
a) b)
c)
d) Declining efficiency of the endocrine system Muscle and bone wasting
The liver has become more efficient in detoxification
The elderly are less active