Transcript D1_PP_Environmental Burden of Disease

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training
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WASH Related Diseases
Session 1
The Environmental
Burden of Disease
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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training
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Burden of Disease
• Question to group
• What is the current global burden of
disease?
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Burden of Disease
• Question to group
• For every 10 deaths worldwide how many
would you classify as communicable
disease related, non-communicable
disease related and injuries?
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Burden of Disease
• Out of every 10 deaths worldwide,
• 6 are due to non communicable conditions
• 3 to communicable, reproductive or
nutritional conditions and
• 1 to injuries
• Source: World Health Statistics 2009, WHO
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Environmental Burden
• “In children under the age of five, one third of all
disease is caused by environmental factors such as
unsafe water and air pollution”
• “Every year; the lives of four million children under
5 years – mostly in developing countries could be
saved by preventing environmental risks such as
unsafe water and polluted air”
Source: WHO
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/environmental
_health/en/index.html
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Environmental Burden of Disease
• Question to group
• Of the Environmental/WASH related
diseases which diseases account for the
greatest burden?
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Diseases with largest
environmental contributions (I)
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Diarrhoea
Lower resp. infections
Other unintentional inj.
Malaria
Road traffic injuries
COPD
Perinatal conditions
Ischaemic heart dis.
Childhood cluster
Lead-caused MMR
Drownings
HIV/AIDS 0
Environmental fraction
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Source: WHO
1%
2%
3%
Non-environmental
4%
5%
6%
% of global disease burden in DALYs
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Prüss-Üstün, A. and Corvalán C., Healthy Environments, Towards an estimate of
the environmental burden of disease, WHO, 2006
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The Burden of Disease
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Burden of disease: the headlines
– 1.9 million attributable annual deaths from diarrhoea
– 1.2 million malaria deaths each year
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Burden of disease: the details
– 1.4 million preventable child deaths from diarrhoea
– 860 000 preventable child deaths from malnutrition
– One third of the world population (2 billion infections)
affected by intestinal parasitic worms
– 25 million people seriously incapacitated by lymphatic
filariasis
– 200 million people with preventable schistosomiasis
infections
– 5 million people visually impaired by trachoma
– 280 000 preventable deaths from drowning
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Source: Adapted from WHO
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Under 5’s
• In the under 5’s what are the key causes
of death?
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Poor hygiene, lack of
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access to sanitation
and unsafe drinking
water together
contribute to about
88% of diarrhoea
deaths
Malaria
8%
Measles 4%
Diarrhoea
17%
HIV/AIDS
3%
Clear association
between
undernutrition
and intestinal
infections
Pneumonia
19%
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New evidence
showing that
HWWS can
reduce ARI’s by
up to 23%
Injuries, 3%
>50%
35%
Attributable to
attributable to
Undernutrition
malnutrition
Neonatal
37%
Other, 10%
New evidence
showing that
maternal HWWS
can reduce
neonatal mortality
by 44%
Causes of Mortality among under-five Children
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Source:Therese Dooley, UNICEF, World Water Day Conference, Dublin, March 09
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Mortality in the Under 5’s
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• Africa Region
• SE Asia Region
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Neonatal – 21%
HIV/AIDS – 5.0%
Diarrhoea – 16.3%
Measles – 3.9%
Malaria – 15.6%
Pneumonia – 20.4%
Injuries – 2.4%
Other – 15.4%
Neonatal – 39%
HIV/AIDS – 0.4%
Diarrhoea – 19.5%
Measles – 5.5%
Malaria – 0.4%
Pneumonia – 13.7%
Injuries – 5.3%
Others – 16.2%
Source: World Health Statistics 2009, WHO
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