Transcript APA-Documentation-Style

Ms. Hazar H. Shehadeh
South Texas College
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Following this lecture, you should be able to:
Document you paper following the APA
format.
Use in-text citation (parenthetical citation)
and references list (bibliographic entries) in
your paper.
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All writers and students who write papers using external sources
must document their papers using a specific style to avoid
plagiarism.
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Plagiarism or academic dishonesty means stealing others’ words
and ideas whether word-by-word or paraphrasing into one’s own
language and using them without acknowledging the sources.
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Any student that plagiarizes on any assignment would be subject to
the school’s penalties for such offense. Penalties includes: failure in
the course, loss of financial aid privileges, suspension and/or
expulsion. Carelessness is not a valid excuse for plagiarism.
Plagiarism of any kind or cheating in any fashion is not tolerated.
Plagiarism can occur when:
1. Using other people’s words, ideas, and
opinions as the students’ own
2. Paraphrasing other’s words, ideas, and
opinions without acknowledging the source
3. Copying from a source word by word
without using quotation marks and in-text
citation regardless of including the
bibliographic citation (the References page).
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To avoid plagiarism, one must cite all the
sources using in-text citation and
bibliographic citation following the required
style.
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The writer should follow a certain guidelines
set by this style.
The paper should have a title page, abstract,
main body, and references page.
This style has two parts:
In-text citation (parenthetical citation)
References entries (bibliographic entries)
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The entire text should be double-spaced using Times New Roman with a
font size of 12 pt.
The margins should be set to 1 inch on all sides.
Leave one space after the comma, semicolon, colon, and periods that are
used to separate parts of the citations and initials in a person’s name.
Leave two spaces after the period as a terminal punctuation mark (to end
a sentence).
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The first page of the paper must include a page header in the upper righthand corner including Running head: then the first 3 or 4 words of the
paper’s title (in all caps) flush left, and then the page number (Arabic
numerals) flush right.
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For all the other pages, the header must contain the shorter version of
the title flush left in all caps, and the page number flush right.
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All titles of other books and periodicals
(journals, magazines, and newspapers)
should be italicized or underlined throughout
the essay, and titles of articles and webpages
should appear in quotation marks (except in
the references page).
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The first line of each paragraph should be
indented one half inch from the left margin.
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All the words of the books and articles’ titles should be capitalized
within the text (e.g. Successful College Writing).
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But in the References page, capitalize only the first word of the
title and subtitles (e.g. Successful college writing). Subtitle means
the secondary title that comes after the colon (Educating English
learners: Language diversity in the classroom).
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Proper nouns must be capitalized all the times (English,
Shakespeare, Mexican, American..)
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The title page should have the page header
that includes the words Running head: and
then a shorter version of the title in all caps in
the left margin, then the page # in the right
margin.
The full title of the paper, student’s name
(byline), and the institutional affiliation must
be centered in the upper half of the title page
(follow your professor’s instructions for this
list).
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It must include the page header, and it comes
after the title page.
The word Abstract must be centered at the
first line, without quotation marks, bold,
italics, or underlining.
Provide a summary of the main points of the
paper in one single paragraph (less than 250
words).
The first line is not indented.
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The basic format of in-text citation is: (Author’s
last name, year of publication, page number).
Use p. for one page, pp. for more than one page.
1. One author:
Rousseau depends on “his highly subjective and
masculinist conception” of nature to reserve the
balance in society (Trouille, 1997, p. 17).
More than one page: (Trouille, 1997, pp. 17-18).
2. Two authors:
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This is because TWB or ESL programs “are quality
program designs for standard-based education”
(Calderon & Minaya-Rowe, 2003, p. 6).
3. Three to five authors:
- Since any negotiation of power equation is a
political act, feminism is considered a “political
attack” (Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman &
Willingham, 1999, p. 196). The first time you cite the source
- (Guerin et al., 1999, p. 196) For all other times you cite the same source.
4. Six and more authors:
List the first last name with et al. for all the citations,
even the first one.
- (Dranganski et al., 2006, p. 6317)
5. Author named within the sentence:
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Hake (2006) says that typical characters of post-unification cinema in Germany
are “well-adjusted, upwardly mobile, reasonably happy, but also incredibly selfcentered men and women” (p. 186).
6. How to cite when paraphrasing:
When you paraphrase an idea from a source, there is no need to include the page
number.
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The process of assimilating those students into the new culture would threaten
their cultural assertion and native language (Crawford, 2004).
7. Web site:
- It is said that Amiri Baraka’s socialist art is “addressed to the
black community, which has, he believes, the greatest
revolutionary potential in America” (Harris, 1991). No page numbers
No date available: (Harris, n.d.)
- Author unknown: (“The Third World,” 1991)
- No date and no author: (“The Third World,” n.d.)
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7. Quotes with more than 40words:
APA requires that long quotes (>40 words) to be be double-spaced,
indented, and with the quotation marks removed. The period comes
before the citation.
Example:
The researchers found that in order to implement e-learning programs, it
is essential to:
(a) have a clear vision of desired outcome (i.e. ubiquitous, lifelong,
access to higher education); (b) an understanding of the current
capacity and attitudes of the relevant staff and (c) a coherent set of
steps to move from the current situation to the desired outcome.
(MacKeogh & Fox, 2009, p.152)
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The word References must be centered, without quotation marks, bold,
italics, or underlining.
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This page must have a header and is double-spaced using the same font.
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The entries are set to hanging indentation by 0.5 inch.
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The entries must be organized in alphabetical order by the authors’ last
names. Do not number the entries.
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Italicize or underline all titles of books and journals. Do not use quotation
marks, italics, or underlining with articles’ titles. Italicize the websites’
titles.
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Only the first letter of the first word of the book, article, and webpage’s
title and subtitle is capitalized.
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Every source cited in the text of the paper should be cited on the
References page.
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Citing books:
the author’s last name, initials. (year of publication). Book title. The city of
publication, State: publisher.
1. A book with one author:
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Trouille, M. S. (1997). Sexual politics in the enlightenment: Women writers
read Rousseau. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
2. A book with two up to seven authors:
List all the names
- Galderórn, M. E., & Minaya-Rowe, L. (2003). Designing and implementing
two-way bilingual programs: A step-by-step guide for administrators,
teachers, and parents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
3. A work with eight or more authors:
List the first six authors’ last names, then put three
periods(ellipsis), and then list the last author’s last name.
Prince, P., Billups, Z., Andrews, K., Bisoux, C., Frasier, L., Grey,
P., . . . Lanikai, H. (2008). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG
activation and attention last for more than 31 days an dare
more severe with stress, depnedance, DRD2 A1 allele, and
depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249267. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305
Page 198 APA 6th
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Citing webpage:
Author’s last name, initials. (year of publication). Site’s
title. Retrieved from http://web address
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Harris, W. J. (1991). Amiri Baraka: Biography and
historical context . Retrieved from
http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/baraka/b
io.htm
Citing webpage:
Organization
Organization’s name. (year of publication).
Site’s title. Retrieved from http://web address
South Texas College. (2009). Biology instructor
pursues nursing degree to become better
teacher, mentor. Retrieved from
http://news.southtexascollege.edu/?tag=teac
hing-excellence
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Citing webpage:
No author, not an organization.
Tile of the web site. (year of publication).
Retrieved from http://web address
The endangered human. (n.d.). Retrieved from
www.ecology.com
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 Citing a periodical article:
Author’s last name, initials. (year of publication). Article’s
title. Journal’s title, volume number(issue number), page
numbers.
The title of journal and volume number are in italics.
Journal article:
Williamson, G.R., & Prosser, S. (2002). Action
research: Politics, ethics and participation.
Blackwell Science Ltd, Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 40(5), 587-593.
Journal article with DOI (digital object identifier):
Author’s last name, initials. (year of publication).
Article’s title. Journal’s title, volume number(issue
number), page numbers. doi: xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Wood, W. B. (2009). Innovations in teaching
undergraduate biology and why we need them.
The Annual Review of Cell and Developmental
Biology, 25, 5.1-5.20. doi:
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175306
Online journal article:
Author’s last name, initials. (year of publication). Article’s title.
Journal’s title, volume number(issue number). Retrieved from
http://www.webaddress
Wolfe, P. (1998). How the brain learns:
Revisiting effective teaching. Educational
Leadership, 56(3). Retrieved from
http://www.aea11.k12.ia.us/prodev/subautho
rization/strat1/strat1handout03.pdf
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Citing a periodical article:
Author’s last name, initials. (Date of publication). Article’s title. Journal’s title, volume
number(issue number). Retrieved month day, year, from http://web address
If there is no volume and issue numbers, go to the next point.
Magazine:
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May).
Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists
convene to share their research on work, stress, and health.
Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
Page200 APA 6th
Online Magazine:
Loureiro, M. L. (2004). Obesity: Economic dimensions of a “super size”
problem. Choices. Retrieved from
http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2004-3/obesity/2004-3-02.htm
Citing a periodical article:
Pages numbers must be preceded with p. (one page) or
pp. (more than one page)
Newspaper:
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects
economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1,
A4.
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Page200 APA 6th
Online Newspaper:
Plissner, M. (2001, June 23). Learning to love language in
a bilingual school. The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
1. Which one is correct:
A. (Shakespeare, 1993, p. 20)
B. (Shakespeare, page 20)
C. (Shakespeare, 1993, p.20)
D. (Shakespeare, p. 20, 1993)
1. A
In-text citation, one author for one book, we
put the author’s last name, year of
publication, page # (p. #)
2. Which one is correct:
A. (Abrams and Greenblatt 12-20)
B. (Abrams & Greenblatt, 2001, pp. 12-20)
C. (Abrams and Greenblatt, 2001, pp. 12-20)
D. (Abrams & Greenblatt, 2001, Pp. 12-20)
2. B
In-text citation for one book with two authors.
We write the authors’ last names using a
ampersand (&) between them, date of
publication, pp. #. (pp. because it is multiple
pages)
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association. Washington, DC:
Author.