Transcript Micro helicopters avatars - Accueil du Site de Benjamin LISAN

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Scootair
Mosquito
Projects of Ultra-light one-man low cost
Micro-helicopters easy to mount in five
or ten minutes
Studied by Benjamin LISAN (2008. Update : 18/04/2013)
Kamov Ka-56
GEN H-4
Tipjet Dragonfly DF1
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In a spirit of "open source", I provide, to all, free of charge,
this Powerpoint document, with its micro helicopter study
and draft, hoping that, someday, someone will dare take
over and develop my project micro-helicopter. My only
dream is that this micro helicopter is born and he can fly.
Others raisons : I have not the financial resources to fund
such a complex project to develop and test.
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0) The terms of office of the micro-helicopter easy to mount
The terms of office [in French “cahier des charges”], of the ideal device, would be:
1) Ultra-light , you could almost carry “on your back” (if possible less than 40 kg – 60 Kg (?),
including fuel) _ for this use of high-tech materials (carbon fiber, composites etc. ...),
2) take-off and vertical landing (all grounds),
3) a degree of autonomy in flight at least 2 hours,
4) easy to fly, very maneuverable, great maneuverability (gyroscopic effect mastered and
controlled, no effect of spatial disorientation etc.) (as a coax mini-helicopter, with cyclic and
collective controls / commands …),
5) Easy to assemble and disassemble (easy operation in less than 15 minutes, if possible) _ the
best will be 5 mn),
6) that can be easily transported in or on the car / 4x4 (for example on the roof of the car),
7) and easy to store in the garage or in a house (at home),
8) low maintenance (well calculated rooms, oversized to avoid wear and replacement).
9) The dream would be to create a popular _ thus low cost _ helicopter (as for the Ultra-light
aviation planes). For that, it would better to use piston engines microlight engines (like Rotax
engines) rather than gas turbine helicopters, more expensive and more difficult to maintain
(unless you find a solution based on less expensive (cheaper) micro-turbines for drones (?)).
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly”
© Benjamin LISAN
Figure 1 :
Explanations:
1) rotating counter-rotating drive with 4 carbon blades helicopter, dural or composite,
2) rotor head (middle) Contra (coaxial),
3) with its brake to hinge for drift ,
4) vertical directional component (drift),
5) 2 knobs on the dashboard (control panel) with instruments, one for the rotor (the collective) and the inclination
(the cyclic), the other for port orientation (G) and starboard (D ) drift (for example, the same simple dashbord as
MD Mini 500 helicopter),
6) Engine (for example, a Rotax engine : a) Rotax 582 UL DCDI 65hp , b) Rotax 912 (81hp), c) Rotax 912S 100hp
etc. … (or AMT Olympus HP gas-turbine (?).
See micro-gas-turbines solutions on this page : http://www.modeljetclub.co.uk/turbines.htm .
For example : AMT Netherlands newest turbine: the 80KG Thrust (784N/176.2Lbf) Nike. Price : > 4000 Euros (?)),
7) hinged to the complementary component of the drift (8),
8) complementary component drift directing the flow of air from the rotor vertical, orientation, according to its
inclination (or G D), the air to the left or right (which can rotate in the vertical plane and counter any torque effect
or "auto rotation" _ in the sense endless turning on its vertical axis like a top) _ see its role in the Figure 2.
9) son nylon or carbon, for control of the vertical and aileron. 10) tripod. 11) backpack soft (canvas paragliding),
placed in the back of the saddle to transport business.
Figure 1
Figure 2:
© Benjamin LISAN
Explanation:
The role of this additional component of the airflow from the rotor :
1) freedom of movement and orientation of this additional component,
2) direction of airflow from the rotor, depending on the orientation additional component (see the collective and
cyclic commands on the dashboard (control panel) to control the airflow direction).
Figure 2
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)
Figure 3 :
Explanation :
Storage and transportation of the "scoot-air dragonfly":
1) padded cover a little more than the length of the blades (> 4 m),
2) with its rotor head joints of the blades to the folding along the
vehicle (for transportation),
3) the machine,
4) blades folded and grouped together for transport,
5) tapes of Velcro to close and secure the cover on the transport
platform (here a scale of 4 m long) ,
6) scale,
7) roof rack sturdy enough to handle the scale and "scoot-air" (40-60 kg)
[8 and 9) cloth and red signal lamp on the road].
Figure 3
© Benjamin LISAN
Figure 4 :
Explanation :
The two tripods on each side, and would fall back along the lateral sides
of the unit, or stored in flight
Figure 4
© Benjamin LISAN
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)
rotor
pin head
➊ Front view
The key turns into the
keyhole (the "lock"), of a
quarter turn.
Note : in real,the "ball"
(the ring) has a flattened
oval-shaped.
keyhole
pin put in
place in the
"keyhole".
Note : the blades can be
removed from the rotor
head.
key
➋ Rear view
© Benjamin LISAN
↖ Pins (Goupilles in French)
hole to input the pin
Figure 5. Blad-rotor head joining system.
Blade
What for avionics and fly control ?
© Benjamin LISAN
What engine ?
→ see "Cyber Technology Autopilot", of Australian CoaX Helicopter Society.
→ See article : Cyber Technology Autopilot takes its maiden flight,
http://www.coaxhelicopters.com/details.php?p_id=22
We can imagine to use :
a) gas piston motor / engine (with zircon or alumina oxide ceramic piston cylinders).
(for example, see the Ultra Titane 130 paramotor engine & exhaust pipe, http://www.paratour.com/content/ultra130_Fr.php).
b) (or micro high temperature diesel engine (with zircon or alumina oxide ceramic piston cylinders / graphite/ceramic pistons) (°)).
c) Or aeronautic gas turbine (see images bellow).
For coax rotor head ?
→ The coax rotor head could made of Titanium or Dural.
For example, Olympus HP gas turbine (AMT Netherlands b.v.) ? →
(°) It could be
studies
in
mechanic engine
engineer school.
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)
Pyrotechnic parachute →
Problem of security, for the pilot, with such micro-helicopter:
1) Autorotation or pyrotechnic parachute? : Normally, it is assumed that the coaxial helicopters have
the best qualities of flights (better maneuverability ...), that helicopters with tail rotor.
But with blades as light or too short in length, and therefore with a low moment of inertia, it is
possible that the autorotation maneuver (such as "parachuting" emergency for helicopter) is not
sufficient to ensure the safety of the driver, in case of engine failure. So the idea of ​the pyrotechnic
parachute into the rotor head (as can be seen for the DYNALI H2S helicopter) seems a good idea ...
But it “complex” the geometry of the rotor head (especially with a coaxial head). It will recalculate the
load balancing and weights based on the weight of the device (°).
2) Risk of spatial disorientation: As there is no element around the driver to provide him reassuring
space vehicles marks (as artificial horizon …), it is possible that the pilot during the flight, having a
helmet-mounted display (HMountD), with spatial information display at the level of the head (bares /
lines horizon indications, for ex. (?) ...) (see : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmet-mounted_display).
(and see images of such helmet on the next page).
(°) "We believe that the best security on a chopper in case of failure will be to install a pyrotechnic parachute on the
rotor as did the company Dynali (+). Indeed rotors and small radius have little lightweight inertia and therefore poor
autorotation. Parachutes GRS are easy to use can be triggered very low and are relatively light“ (Source: SS).
(+) "The helicopter DYNALI H2S may even receive a parachute that deploys inside the rotor hub in case of engine
failure, single safety equipment on a helicopter.".
Sources: a) 15/03/09 - Dynali H2S, a helicopter kit, http://www.luxury-club.fr/news/dinaly-h2s.php
b) DYNALI H2S (2006), http://www.helicopassion.com/fr/03/wbl310.htm
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)
Development and test steps :
↑ Helmet-mounted display (head-up display helmet).
1) Using SolidWorks, a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design program (software) for
assemblies, simulations ... (use of modules such as SolidWorks Simulation etc.) (help to
transform blueprints to 3d Models ...) … (°)
2) To find a dedicated R & D facility, to allow engineers to work in
a work space with equipment and tooling solely provided for the
engineers.
3) To test different versions (drone and piloted version _ You need
to find a helicopter test pilot for essay).
4) Of course, to find finance & Business Angels … (for ex., with
crowdfunding / crowdsourcing sites, as http://www.wiseed.fr/,
www.friendsclear.com, www.leetchi.com, www.zentreprendre.com
etc.).
(°) or MathWorks, engineering calculation software,
including matlab (calculs) & simulink (simulations)
modules …
Source :
http://www.coaxhelicopters.com/details.ph
p?p_id=73
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)
A rough estimate of its budget and of his payload (weight) :
We propose a budget, the basic minimum budget scenario, the economy, at least initially.
We envision first version to build counter-rotating with rotor head placing the blades very top 2, 5 meters
above the ground (in strictly vertical position of the vehicle placed on a perfectly level ground, to prevent
the blades touch the floor and break during their rotation or decapitate someone) blades 3 meters long,
a gear belt / tape (that of Aircooter II) rapidly rotating, with a 65 Hp engine (Rotax 582 UL DCDI 65CV).
Can regularly find this engine (very solid) used less than 200 hours. Our version would be a turning
quickly (pale and quickly turning gear). In case this rapid rotation would increase the moment of inertia,
therefore the gyroscopic effect and therefore reduce maneuverability, then we foreseen then a second
version with blades 5 meters long and slower gear (≤ 20' (feet) (on 2.2 m across, 6.1 m long)).
Without steel exhaust (which weighs, though, 5.1 kg!), We have a motor to 36.7 kg. It will then
manufacture or even a series of exhausts in Dural "disposable" in a bench aluminum welding (argon
atmosphere) with a weight must not exceed 2 kg. Normally our gear B weighs 4.5 kg, with a gear belt,
maybe would get a weight of 3 kg latter. Each blade carbon should weigh 3-4 kg maximum each (~ 12 to
16 kg). The demonstrator will be heavy, mini 56.7 to 60 kg naked.
See the budget tab, on the page 9 →
Note: This is a budget minima (to achieve maximum compress and expenses, then surely we choose solutions odds and
ends, using the maximum system DIY and D). The solution will be heavy (for carrying this micro-helico on his back): 56.7
kg naked and with gasoline from 65 kg to 70 kg. In this budget, we do not take account of budget petrol, oil
(maintenance) lower than the other positions.
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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next & end)
budget item
Rotax 582 UL (for example (*))
Budget (Euro)
3760
Rotor head
7520 ?
4 x composite blades
Composite fins/flaps
Bolster, tank, dural frame, airbag,
alloy exhaust pot, various
insurance (?) ...
Technical studies for the calculation
of the rotor head, the time of the
thrust of the blades ...
Control for testing with a testing
pilot
6015
600
3000
TOTAL
(these figures are completely
optimist)
Weight (Kg)
Comments
36,7
(without Used (<200 h, ideal 50-100 h). With manual start.
exhaust)
3à5
Order it at Kamov aircraft (or Airscooter or Gyrodyne). It must
withstand a load factor of at least 5G, 150kg x 5 = 750kg (it is
calculated for 1 ton load).
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1
2
In carbon fiber
In carbon fiber
It may be easier to ensure the vehicle and the driver (if not, in any
case liability insurance, at least).
De 0 à 15000 ou
+
It depends on whether there is a helicopter engineer passionate or
not wanting to join the project (if another idea: demand to Kamov
Aircraft, to realize this study (?)).
De 0 à 7500
Or find a helicopter pilot (if possible knowing coaxial helicopters)
prepared to test it for free (for ex. A passionate pilot wanting to
join or not the project). Is the author of the project as pilot in
helicopter Kamov (eg., If possible, with courses/training in
English). We need to test the helicopter under all climatic
conditions (-40°, +40 °C, in heavy rain, wind 40 km/h (maybe in a
climatic tunnel (?))). To fly at least 300 hours. Test +/- 5G factor.
De 20895 à 56,7 kg
1) with flying control/piloting but without the technical studies:
35895 €
(avec ~ 10 liters of 28,394.4 euros
(238701,75 FF) 2 stroke petrol :
2) with steering/flying control/piloting and technical studies: 35
~ 65 kg).
895 euros.
(*) With a Hirth 2703 (2 strokes) less powerful (55hp) Weight 75 lbs (34.02 kg), it also a lower price: U.S. $ 3,496.00 Price.
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2) CoaX Helicopter (2012) (Australia)
Items
Markets
Uses
Dimensions
Rotor Blades
Air Frame ?
Speed
Curb / Empty Weight
Fuel Weight
Useful Load
Features
Power System
Power weight
Endurance
Price
Actually, en 2013, it is an prototype in
development and an experimental aircraft.
Informations
Recreational Personal Air Vehicule
Government and Military ?
Recreation
Search and Rescue
Surveillance
Height ... 11' (2.2 m)
Width ... ?' (? m)
Length ... 20' (6.1 m)
20' (feet) Composite Coaxial (blades on 2.2 m across, 6.1 m long)
Four Rotor blades
Composite Torque Box ?
Minimum ... Hover
Maximum ... ??? Knot (??? km/h)
~? lbs (? kg)
Fuel weight will be dependent on configuration for the task, conceivably up to 200kg.
We plan on 500kg including pilot, payload and fuel.
We hope to increase this, as we develop further.
Coaxial Stability
No Tail Rotor
(Floats for Cushioned Landing and Water)
Diesel & gas turbine powered models (No any petrol powered engine foreseen).
We believe the cheapest and most cost effective engine will be diesel.
95 lbs (43 kg)
5 Gallon (19 L) (Approximately 2 hours).
Undecided at this stage (50.000 US$ ?).
At this stage we cannot estimate the final cost but the manned aircraft will be well under US$1,000,000, we hope at
least half that value if not more.
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2) CoaX Helicopter (2012) (Australia)
Items
Informations
Security system
Build in kit 50 pm
Can we earn to fly your helicopter
at your headquarters (in
Australia)?
Notice:
You can auto-rotate the helicopter exactly the same as a conventional helicopter.
We are considering a dual power plant for the diesel system.
This is under consideration
Currently you will need a conventional helicopter licence before flying a CoaX machine. We hope in the long term to
have exemption for this aircraft type and have only a CoaX licence. You can fly the CoaX as an ‘experimental aircraft’,
which will not require a helicopter licence.
Detachable blades & tail?
Yes. They can be stored in protective covers.
Avionics ?
Yes (Cyber Technology Autopilot, for drone ?).
The CoaX Helicopter design is recognised as being more stable, more robust, safer, faster and
quieter than traditional helicopters. It has a smaller footprint and better maneuverability than
existing alternative designs (Source : http://dawhois.com/www/coaxhelicopter.com.html).
CoaX Helicopters Demonstration Flight 001 (26 mai 2012) :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z83t1iejpc8
CoaX Helicopters demonstrating a turbine powered version of it coaxial rotor head helicopter
platform.
This CoaX Helicopter platform will soon be integrated into a UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). UAS
is also sometimes referred to as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), Drones or Unmanned Drone
Helicopters.
According to his director, You can fly the CoaX as an ‘experimental aircraft’ which will not require a helicopter licence.
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Others projects and solutions :
3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1954)
Program stopped because:
1) the formation of a helicopter pilot
was as long and expensive on a small
helicopter on a large,
2) The driver of Hiller, a 2-strokes 45
hp Nelson 4-cylinder boxer, had a low
reliability.
We can see one exemplary of XR03 in San Carlos Museum
(California) (see next page) :
http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/hiller_yroe.htm
The XR 03, new version is fully foldable and is in the back of a Jeep. The legs
fold up along the fuselage while the blades, paddles and tail boom are folded
down. It is powered by a Rotax 503 (52 hp, at 6800 r / min) with a suitable
reducing, made by a subcontractor to Dassault, in Toulouse. For Michel Roland,
his driver and owner, Hiller XR 03 is easier to pilot than the Robinson R22.
No marketing will, for the new Rotax powered version of the XR03.
  Source : Vol Moteur, N° 102, oct 1994
http://users.skynet.be/fa401913/vol_moteur.htm
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3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1954)
Hiller Rotorcycle XROE-1, San Carlos Museum, California,
www.flickr.com/photos/9477202@N06/658592872/in/pho
tostream 
 In Les Ailes, N° 1677 du 19
avril, N°1679 du 03 mai 1958

“[The] high yaw response in one
direction, was considered
potentially dangerous”.
Source : Flight tests of a one-man
helicopter and a comparison with
those of larger VTOL aircraft.
Terrell W.Feistel, Fred J.
Drinkwater III, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field. Calif.
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3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1
Characteristics
Information
Engine
1 Nelson (4 Cyl.)
Power
40 HP
Hover Ceiling O.G.E.
6400 Ft (1951 m)
Hover Ceiling I.G.E.
9200 Ft (2804 m)
Service Ceiling
13200 Ft (4023m)
Maximum Range (Std) 40 miles (64 km)
First Flight
1957
Seating Capacity
1
Empty Weight
309 Lb (140 kg)
Maximum Weight
496 Lb (225 kg)
Vel. Cruise : 52 mph
40 Kts (84 K/h)
V.N.E.
57 Kts
Total Length
18,50 ft (5,63 m)
Length
12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
Total Heigh
7,6 ft (2,33 m)
Width
8 ft 9 in (2,7 m)
Main Rotor Diameter
18,50 ft (5,63 m)
Tail Rotor Diameter
3,6 ft (1,09 m)
Gross weight
255 kg (562 lb)
Rate of climb
1160 ft/min
The Rotorcycle was so stable a non-pilot
could fly it after only eight hours of
instruction. However, The Marine Corps
did not accept the YROE-1 for military
service because of its slow speed of 84
kph (52 mph), its minimal range of 64 km
(40 miles), its vulnerability to small-arms
fire and the lack of visual references on
the structure, which could cause the
pilot to experience spatial disorientation
at all but very low altitudes.
Sources : www.hiller.org/rotorcycle.shtml
http://hillerrotorcycle.com
http://users.skynet.be/fa401913/index.htm
www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19610202000
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3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)
 Rotorcycle storage box.
Soldier begin to unfold and
store the Rotorcycle 
Source : June 1958, SPORT
AVIATION,
Hiller
XROE-1
Rotorcycle.
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4) Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle (1955)
The first flight was on November 1955. The two-cycle
engine was prone to overheating. The Marine Corps also
tested one XRON-I, and three YRON-1 protoypes.[5] The
Marine Corps eventually concluded that both the RON,
and the competing Hiller ROE were too heavy and too
difficult to fly and abandoned the project.
The Rotorcycle went on to win the prize for most
maneuverable helicopter at the Paris Air Show in 1961.
 Rotorcycle at the Cradle of Aviation Museum
www.cradleofaviation.org/exhibits/atrium/xron.html
Biography (Internet site) on Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle:
http://travelforaircraft.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/draftsingle-person-helos
www.gyrodynehelicopters.com/xron_history.htm
www.gyrodynehelicopters.com/the_rotorcycle.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RON_Rotorcycle
www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/gyrodyne_xron-1.php
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4) Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle (1955)
Crew: 1,
engine: 1 x Porsche
4-cylinder pistone,
rated at 45kW,
take-off weight: 315kg,
payload: 105kg,
max speed: 110km/h,
service ceiling: 2000m,
range: 50-95km
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5) Eugene Michael Gluharev EMG-300 helicopter, 1992
Blades were propulsed by jet gaz as the Djin Helicopter.
By tip-jet and peroxyd.
E. Gluharev dead in 1994 before seeing his effort succeed.
Micro-helicopters and avatars
www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/gluharev_emg-300.php
www.gluhareffhelicopters.com
One man Backpack helicopter Powered by G8-2 Pressure Jet Engine invented by
Eugene Gluhareff, www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0DY4Qe14A4
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Micro-helicopters and avatars
6) Kamov Ka-56 « Osa » (1988 ?)
Crew: 1, take-off weight: 220kg, payload:
110kg, max. speed: 110kph, max. ceiling:
1700m, max. range: 120km. Sources :
http://www.gizmowatch.com/entry/blast-from-the-pastalmost-perfect-folding-helicopter-the-kamov-ka-56/ ,
http://twistairclub.narod.ru/ka56/indexengl.htm &
http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ka-56.php
Somebody says that
"the Kamov Ka-56
was never flown due
to lack of suitable
rotary piston engine".
Source :
http://aquilinefocus.bl
ogspot.fr/2007_09_0
1_archive.html
Note: a gas-turbine,
for the propulsion,
could be se solution).
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5) Kamov Ka-56 (1971 ?)
Very confidential.
No photo of Kamov Ka-56
in fly.
1) The Russian Navy wanted to pull the helicopter out of a submarine’s
torpedo tube so the helicopter could be transported in a cylinder
container of 533 mm diameter.
2) 15 minutes was the assembling time (the only parts which were
detachable from the helicopter for transportation were 4 main rotor
blades. All other parts were easily folded. MR blades were attached by
single shift each).
3) Power-plant was 40 hp air-cooled rotary engine which burned the
auto-fuel.
Ka-56 should have never been piloted (?). 1st studies in 1972.
Source :
http://airbase.ru/alpha/rus/k/ka/56/ &
http://twistairclub.narod.ru/ka56/indexengl.htm
www.zvlastnezbrane.estranky.sk/clanky/lietadla-a-ina-leteckatechnika/kamov-ka-56
www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ka-56.php
http://jalopnik.com/5602424/the-soviet-torpedo+sized-one+man-helicopter
http://www.engineeringsystem.co.jp
7) GEN-H4 (2000)
http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/1113/g
en-h-4-personal-helicopter.html
Secure ? Gravity center ?
Gen H-4 personal helicopter
www.flickr.com/photos/maisonbisson/56958280
www.koreus.com/video/helicoptere-personnel.html
Autonomy: 1 hour, with 5 gallons (18.9 liters / hour) for a pilot of about 70 kg (155 lbs.).
Curb Weight: 63 kg (140 lbs.) Maximum speed: 55 mph (~ 85-90 km / h) Set Height: 2.4 m (8ft)
Rotor diameter: 4 m (12ft), speed of the rotor during normal operations; 800-900 rpm
Composition of the rotor blades: composite carbon / Kevlar (CFRP composite).
Materials from the rest of the machine: aluminum tubes (to absorb shock), magnesium reservoir.
Maximum weight: 171 kg (380lbs) (permits a driver to 86 kg (190 lbs) to fly).
Autorotation is impossible (!),
Estimated Maximum altitude: 3,000 m (10,000 ft), VNE: 200 km / h (120 mph), TBO: 500 hours.
Number of revolutions / min for each engine, in normal flight: 7000 rpm to 8000 rpm, electric start.
Checking the "yaw" It is controlled through a differential gear included in the transmission.
GEN-H4 works !
Price in Japan: U.S. $ 35,000. (3.780.000 yen), a kit for
50 h. Price in USA : 30 000 $ (sold by AceCraft USA)
Engines: 4 x 2-cylinder boxer engine, 125 cm3 (GEN125).
Maximum power of each engine: 10hp at 8500 rpm.
Maximum cutting: 0.86 kgm / 6.500 rpm, Fuel 2 time
(30: 1) Weight of each motor: 2.8kg (6.2 lb).
Dimensions of each engine: 203.5mm x 280mm x
160mm.
Direction of rotation: counterclockwise-clockwise.
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7) GEN-H4 (2000)
Complex mechanism !
One clutch per engine (four engines).
Address : GEN CORPORATION (Engineering System Co.), 5652-83 SASAGA, MATSUMOTO-shi, NAGANOken, JAPAN 399-0033. E-mail : [email protected] , Site : http://www.engineeringsystem.co.jp
USA : ACE CRAFT, Richard Plummer, Dealer email: [email protected] , Jon Plummer, Pilot email: [email protected]
http://www.acecraftusa.com/
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7) GEN-H4 (2000)
Source : http://www.perfectioner.com/2012/08/15/gen-h-4-is-worlds-smallestone-man-helicopter/
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8) Dragonfly DF1 (Avimech International Aircraft – USA)
Dragonfly DF1 – A zero emission helicopter powered by rocket motors
This ultra-light Dragonfly DF1 helicopter is powered by hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket motors,
instead of conventional fixed motor attached to the body, that are manufactured by jetpack maker,
Tecaeromex (Mexico) [and AVIMECH – USA].
The amazing machine has voluminous fuel tanks surrounding the pilot that supply 70% hydrogen
peroxide fuel to the rockets. Helicopter's non-burning hydrogen peroxide thrusters help power the
craft to stay aloft for 50 minutes at the speed of 40mph.
Its maximum aloft time is extendable with an optional extra fuel tank. Also, with a top seed of 185km/h,
Dragonfly can climb at 700m/min up to a ceiling of 4000 meters. When it’s empty, the darn thing
weighs merely106kg and it can carry up to 227kg, including pilot and fuel.
Hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket motors produce no pollution, are easy to fly, easier to maintain, safe
(no moving parts) and more stable to its conventional counterparts. Even when it’s the same
throttle lever, but there is a motorbike-like control bar added to tilt the rotor head to control the
flight direction and rotation.
Sources : http://www.automotto.com/entry/dragonfly-df1-a-zero-emission-helicopter-powered-byrocket-motors/
Fabricant : http://tipjetusa.com/
Videos : a) Tip-Jet Dragonfly DF1, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEDo95DPkzg
b) Dragonfly DF1 H2O2 helicopter demo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evjd49r52tg
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8) Dragonfly DF1 (Avimech International Aircraft – USA)
Features
• FAA Certified
• AVIONICS EFIS-Flight Instrument System
• Communication and Navigation Aids
• Blades Airfoil approved by NACA Laboratory and recommended by NASA
• Autorotation, Lift Generation through purely aerodynamic forces
• Position Lights, LED / FAA Approved
Perhaps disadvantage (?) : Powered by
• Taxi and Landing Light, LED / FAA Approved
Hydrogen peroxide gas (not easy to find
• Strobe-Beacon Light
peroxide everywhere).
• Airtalk
• Tip Jet Technology
Introductory Price US $ 120,000
• Light Weight Construction, 220 lbs
http://tipjetusa.com/purchase.html
• Low Maintenance: No engines, No pedals, No hydraulics
• No Rotational Torque
• Easy to Fly
• Environmentally Friendly Fuel
• Very Low Noise
• Easy to Transport and Store
• 1.5 hours to Assemble Out of the Box
• Built to MIL Specs
Source : http://tipjetusa.com/features.html
27
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.1) Mosquito micro-helicopter (New-Zealand) (°)
This helicopter, cheap (<$ 30,000 U.S. All taxes included) is not removable and foldable so it
can be stowed in the trunk
of a break car.
(°) The price of the kit Mosquito Ultralight Helicopter AIR, full is: € 26,800 tax not included; including, the "kit rapid manufacturing",
the MZ-202 engine, instruments, rotors, tank option "Large capacity".
MOSQUITO AVIATION, Blair Hollands, Po Box 439, Kumeu, 0841, Auckland, New Zealand, Web Site: www.mosquito.net.nz, Email:
[email protected], Phone: +64 (0)21 2994122
Mosquito autorotation demonstration video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_W_5lo_trDI
28
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.2) Ultrasport-254 kit helicopter
(1994)
American Sportscopter International, Inc., 11712 Jefferson Ave Unit #C228, Newport News VA, 23606, USA,
Phone: 757-872-8778, email : [email protected], www.ultrasport.rotor.com (restricted use).
Sources : http://www.airsport.com/homebuilt4.ihtml?id=53&cid=16
www.freqofnature.com/photos/cma2002/index.html
www.ultralightflyer.com/americansportcopter & www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ultra-254.php
Specifications :
Top Speed, mph 63 (101,39 km/h)
Cruise, mph 63
Range S.M 70
Stall, mph na
Rate of Climb, fpm 1000
Take Off Distance, ft 0
Landing Distance, ft 0
Service Ceiling , ft -HP/HP Range 55
Fuel Capacity, gal 5 (19 l)
Empty/dry Weight, lbs 252 (115 kg).
Gross Weight, lbs 525 (239 kg).
Useful load : 273 lbs (124 kg).
Height, ft 7.5 (2.2 m)
Length, ft 16.7 (5.8 m)
Engines: HIRTH 2706 65 hp (or HIRTH 2703 55 hp).
Main Rotor Diameter: 21 ft. (6.4 m)
Tail Rotor Diameter: 2.6 ft (79 cm / 0,79 m)
Drive System: 12:1 Planetary
Endurance: 1.25 h.
Wing Span, ft 21
Wing Area, sq.ft -Number of Seats 1
Landing Gear type skids
Building Materials C
Building Time, Man Hours 60
Number of Completed & Flown 1
Information Package $$5
Plans Cost $none
Kit Cost $33900
Certified : FAA ultralight regulations FAR Part 103.
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.3) Furia, amateur construction helicopter(°)
Furia Helicopter e-Plans $49.95, www.plansdelivery.com & www.plansdelivery.com/furia.htm#
(short free plans : www.sfu.ca/~jst4/plans/docs/misc/Ultralight%20Furia%20Helicopter%20Plans.pdf ).
Main Rotor Diameter: 19 ft.
Tail Rotor Diameter: 3.6 ft.
Height: 6.9 ft.
Length: 12.5 ft.
Max Gross Weight: 700 lbs.
Empty Weight: 325 lbs.
Payload (with full fuel) : 350 lbs.
Fuel capacity: 8 gal.
Seats: 1
Range: 80 sm.
Take Off Distance: 0 ft.
Landing Distance: 0 ft.
Vmax.: 95 mph (max. allowable speed level, flight
sea level std. day)
Vcr: 70 mph
Climb Rate @ msl: 1100 fpm.
Service Ceiling: 12500 ft.
Engine: Rotax 65 hp.
Potential danger of amateur construction
29
30
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.4) Airscooter II, coaxial personal helicopter
AirScooter II (2004) Specifications
Markets
: Recreational Personal Air Vehicule
Government and Military
Uses
: Recreation
Search and Rescue
Surveillance
Dimensions : Height ... 11' (3,35 m)
Wigth ... 7' (2,13 m)
Length ... 12,5' (3,81 m)
Rotor Blades: 14' Composite Coaxial (4,2 m).
Four Rotor Design
Air Frame
: Composite Torque I-Box
Speed
: Minimum ... Hover
Maxmmum ... 55 Knot (100 km/h)
Empty Weight: ~254 lbs (115.2 kg) (i.e. Curb Weight).
Useful Load : Approximately 250 lbs (113 kg).
Features
: Coaxial Stability
No Tail Rotor
Floats for Cushioned Landing and Water
Power System: Aero Twin Four-stoke 65 HP Aerobatic Engine
with Quiet Belt Drive Reduction
Power weight: 95 lbs (43 kg)
Endurance
: 5 Gallon (19 L) (Approximately 2 hours).
Price
: < US$50.000
Although its operating ceiling is around 10,000 ft (2 700
m), the AirScooter II is incapable of autorotation
emergency descent, and is intended for recreational
flying at low altitude, ie, at or below 50 ft (15 m)
above ground level (AGL).
This helicopter seem to have not success.
Sources : www.airscooter.com/pages/airscooter_specs.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirScooter_Corporation
In French : www.jeunes-ailes.org/t3182-airscooter-2
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.5) Skylar, Choppy, G-1, Kestrel, kit & 1 seat helicopters(°)
SKYLAR
Features:
• Full Standard helicopter.
• All-alu. main- & tail-rotor blades
• Aircraft-grade steel & aluminum
airframe & major components, plus all
AN hardware
• Full instrumentation
Specs :
Height 7 ft
Length 17-1/2 ft
Empty Weight 350 lbs
Gross Weight 725 lbs
Payload Weight 375 lbs
Main Rotor Diameter 19 ft
Tail Rotor Diameter 3-1/2 ft
Engine Rotax 582
Horsepower 65
Power Loading (lbs/h.p.) 10.8
Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 2.5
Maximum Speed 95 mph
Cruise Speed 70 mph
Rate Of Climb 1,000 fpm
Maximum Altitude 12,500 ft
Price : Assembled & Tested : $45,500
www.vortechonline.com/skylark
CHOPPY (1950 et after)
Configuration:
Bolted aluminum-tube airframe.
CONTROL: Main rotor: full cyclic and
collective pitch, incorporating a swash
plate system. Tail rotor pitch: bellcrank
operated. Autorotation accomplished
by manual-disengagement lever at
cyclic stick. POWER PLANT (Prototype):
Any engine of 450cc to 1100cc, or 45
hp. consumption approximately 4.2
gals. (U.S.) per hour at sea level.
Specs:
Height 6 ft
Length 15 ft
Empty Weight 300+ lbs*
Gross Weight 600 lbs**
Payload Weight 300 lbs
Main Rotor Diameter 21½ ft
Tail Rotor Diameter 3½ ft
Power Loading (lbs/h.p.) 11.5
Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 1.8
Maximum Speed 85 mph
Cruise Speed 65 mph
Rate Of Climb 950 fpm
Maximum Altitude 8500 ft
Price : Assembled & Tested : $45,500
www.vortechonline.com/choppy
G-1 or Kestrel (Jet-powered)
General Features:
• Easy, low-cost construction
• Takes off and lands vertically
• Requires no license (ultralight)
• Can be stored anywhere
Spec:
Length: 12 ft
Width: 5.7 ft
Height: 5½ ft
Main rotor diameter: 12 ft
Tail rotor diameter: 2 ft
Empty weight: 150 lbs
Gross weight: 420 lbs
Useful payload: 270 lbs
Engine (typical): Kawasaki/Rotax, 40+
hp
Fuel capacity: 5 gals
Fuel consumption: 4 gals/hour
Speed (max.): 80 mph
Altitude (max.): 10,000 ft asi
Price : Kestrel Jet Helicopter—Fully
Assembled & Tested : $26,500
www.vortechonline.com/g1
31
Kestrel
A/W 95, latest update of the Choppy
Features :
• Full helicopter
• Easy, low-cost assembly
• Built from widely available materials
• Uses Rotax 503 engine (or equiv.)
Specs :
Empty weight: 272 lbs* (123 kilos)
Gross weight: 497 lbs** (222 kilos)
Useful load: 225 lbs** (102 kilos)
Main rotor chord: 7" (17.78 cm)
Main rotor diameter: 19.5' (5.94 m)
Tail rotor diameter: 3'4" (102 cm)
Height: 6'5" (196 cm)
Length: 15' (4.57 m)
Width: 5.75' (175 cm)
Cruise speed: 60 mph (97 kph)
Horsepower range: 50 - 75**
Engine: Rotax 503 (or equiv.)**
Engine RPM: 6200 - 6500
Main / tail rotor RPM: 435-450 / 2800
Flight time (5 gal fuel): 1 hour±
Max altitude: about 10,500 ft
www.vortechonline.com/aw95
32
9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected
9.6) Lonestar (Redback aviation), CH7 helicopter, Helicycle helicopter, Mamba Air
Lonestar (Redback aviation)
Specs :
Engine
Rotax 582 UL
Power 64 hp (46 kw)
Gross weight 680 lbs (310 kg)
Empty weight 420 lbs (190 kg)
Useful load (pilot & fuel) 260 lbs (120 kg)
Fuel capacity (seat tank) 8.3 gal (31.5 lt)
Fuel weight (seat tank) 51 lbs (23 kg)
Fuel consumption at cruise (4.8 gal/hr (18.2 lt/hr)
Rate of climb 600 ft/min (180 m/min)
Service ceiling 9000 ft (2740 m)
Hover in ground effect (HIGE) 5500 ft (1675 m)
Hover out of ground effect (HOGE) 4500 ft (1370
m)
Range at cruise 105 miles (170 kms)
Flight duration 1.7 hrs
Range at cruise with auxillary tanks 235 miles
(375 kms)
Flight duration with auxillary tanks 3.9 hrs
Cruise airspeed
60 mph (96 kmph)
Maximum airspeed 85 mph (135 kmph)
Velocity limit (VNE) 100 mph (160 kmph)
Main rotor diameter 20.0 ft 6.10 (m)
Tail rotor diameter 3 ft 6 inches (1.07 m)
Length - nose of skid to tail 13.5 ft (4.09 m)
Width - at skids 5.0 ft (1.52 m)
Height - overall 7 ft 4 inches (2.23 m)
Height - overall for garage storage 6 ft 9 inches
(2.05 m)
www.redbackaviation.com
CH7 Helicopter
St.da Traforo del Pino 102, 10132
TORINO Italy,
Tel: +39 011 899.67.30, Fax: +39 011
899.5550, [email protected]
http://www.ch7helicopter.com/ita/home.htm
Helicycle Helicopter,
tel : 208-461-2567
Eagle Research & Development, 2321
Hemingway Blvd, Nampa, Idaho USA,
Office & Fax: 208-466-4120, Factory:
208-461-2567
www.helicycle.com
MAMBA AIR (CZ)
www.mamba-air.cz
Mamba Air CH7
33
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars
a) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (Austria) (2005)
The rotors are two sets of composite Ivoprops (one set reversed pitch).
Craft weights : 35 kilograms.
www.unicopter.com/1764.html ↑
↑ www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639
No information avalable on this helicopter.
Problem of power and stability visible on the videos, the engine was not enough powerfull.
This inventor, aged of 74 years old, in 2005, do not sale his invention (no web site giving docs on it). Vidéos avalable on this coaxial personal helicopter :
www.dailymotion.com/video/x3pj1w_helicoptere-personnel_extreme
33
www.lemondeavance.com/lemonde_Helicoptere-personnel-Je-veux-le-meme-870.htm
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Back-Pack-Helicopter/message/1893 . (His possible email (?) : [email protected] (?)).
http://www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639 .
34
To mention : Avatars of micro helicopters
a) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (2005)
The engine could be a Rotax that has been modified
for go-cart racing. It delivers 28 hp and weighs 22
kilograms. It is reliable for 15-30 minutes..
No safe ! : 1) No autorotation capability.
2) no way to fit a ballistic parachute.
Note : An equivalent coax helicopter, the SA4H, is proposed at this address : SWING-AVI personal coaxial helicopter
Kits, PO BOX 1223 PATRAS, GREECE 26001, TEL/FAX: +30 2610 432597, [email protected],
www.pra13.org/newsletters/wash5-0210.PDF
34
35
To mention : Avatars of micro helicopters
b) Libelula Rocket Helicopter – TECA AERO MEX
(Mexico) / Project of jet propulsion with peroxyde.
What it is written on the web site of TECA AERO MEX society :
This project is not fiction, is based on the same technology we use in larger rocket helicopters and Rocket Belts technology
and this will be used to produce the "Libelula" a portable helicopter easier and safer to fly. The best of this technology is that
this type of helicopter don´t need a tail rotor because they have no torque, the impulse is directly to the tip of the blade rotor so
this don't produce any counter rotational reaction and a small rudder is all you need to steer, being the simplest form of
Helicopter and the safest because 86% of helicopter accidents are due to tail rotor failure in most cases fatal in addition to this,
its flight is much more stable.
Using modern aerospace materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar, titanium and aluminum can reduce the weight and it can be lighter
than the Magill Pinwheel helicopter that show very nice performance, stability and safety and this is a fact because the three
prototypes from Magill still are intact at Swiss Copter showing that none was damaged in any accident..
Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm
36
To mention : micro-h. avatars : c) Eugene Michael Gluharev helicopters (1960)
In the 60's came Eugene Gluhareff with an idea of jet engines mounted on the tip of the
rotor blade and he built his first version of the MEG-1X which had a single blade and a
counterweight on the other side, this design proved to be very stable.
Later he decided to use two blades and larger engines and the MEG-2X was built.
This version was able to fly but the problem was that this engines had to be very light in
thickness to save weight and they operate at extreme temperature, in fact they glow
orange when they work so it was too heavy and centrifugal force and high temperature
caused them to deform and in one test the tail of one of the jets flew away.
Gluhareff with his MEG-1X
(jet propulsion, at the end of the blades, with peroxyd)
Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm
Eugene Gluhareff flying hands off his MEG-2X
37
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : d) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (1954)
The dream time
The World's First Rocket Helicopter
In 1954 an American inventor named Gilbert W. Magill of Glendale California designed
and built the HR-1, a "mini" portable helicopter, at the tip of the rotor blades a hydrogen
peroxide rocket engine impulse the rotor, this helicopter was better known as the
"Pinwheel".
Magill made his helicopter portable in a carrying box which was a success that flew
incredibly well and had a fantastic performance for its size, with a maximum speed of
161 km / h (100 mph), a ceiling of 4570 meters (14.993 feet) and a range of 32 km (20
miles) with two tanks with a total of 20 liters of hydrogen peroxide 90% ea.
This small helicopter still holds the world´s record speed of vertical climb rate.
Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm
Pilot Bob Farmer with the original version of Magill portable helicopter or "landing gear legs" version.
38
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : d) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (~1954)
The dream time
Later Magill built the second version
by contract with the U.S. Navy's with
larger peroxide tanks and a tripod
landing gear that could take off
standing on legs, this is the model
flown in this video.
Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm
39
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : e) Georges Sablier helicopter (1954)
The dream time
Translation from Spanish
→:
Once in the late thirties, we
demonstrated the feasibility
of the helicopter, there
were those who saw the
possibility of building small
flying
machines
for
personal
use,
as
a
backpack designed by
curiosity,
the
French
Georges Sablier. We do
not know if it has flew.
Georges Sablier's one man strap-on
helicopter won an award at the international
helicopter show at St. Etienne, France in
Sept. of 1954. It had a 6 hp motor, weighed
about 60 lbs and [supposedly] was able to fly
for 10 hrs at a top speed of 30 mph.
[a website on the subject suggests that it
probably never flew].
Source :
http://www.care2.com/c2c/photos/view/43/100080464/My_hobby
_pics/Personal%20copter.png.html
← Source : www.unicopter.com/1764.html
A 6 hp motor is not enough powerful engine.
http://stingraysr
otorforum.active
board.com/t437
30966/sablierpersonalhelicopter
40
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : e) Georges Sablier helicopter (1954)
A French Strap-On
Helicopter by George
Sablier.
The "safety" helmet
worn by the pilot is a
First World War French
infantry helmet.
It is not known if this
machine ever flew, but
from the photograph it
seems highly unlikely.
It lacks all three of the essential features of helicopters
listed above. There also seems to be no means of
dealing with the torque reaction which would make the
wearer rotate in the opposite direction from the rotor.
What can be said is that it is not shown in a flyable
condition. Above the pilot's head is a set of pulleys
apparently intended to make the ratio between engine
and rotor rpm adjustable; however, there is no belt on
The dream time
http://stingraysrotorforum.activeboard.com/t4373096
6/sablier-personal-helicopter &
www.ipernity.com/doc/57114/6779588
41
To mention : Micro helicopters
avatars :
The dream time
Pentecost HX-1 Model 100 Hoppi-Copter (stored).
Source :
www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A1952005
4000
HOPPI-COPTER 2nd version , rear view 
f) Horace Pentecost, Hoppi-copter Strap-On (1945)
This ultra-light individual helicopter had two co-axial contra-rotating two-bladed rotors powered by a small twostroke horizon-tally opposed engine developing about 20 h.p.
The body consisted of a tubular metal frame curved to fit over the pilot's shoulders and attached to the body by
harness of the type employed in parachutes; the pilot's legs were used for landing.
Some twenty hops were made with the use of safety cables attached to the pilot, but this strap-on helicopter
ended its career at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington
Not enough
www.aereimilitari.org/forum/topic/9021-aerei-curiosi/page__st__520
http://jackbrummet.blogspot.com/2009/08/strap-on-helicopter-division-seattles.html
powered !
And Time Magazine, April 7th, 1947.
42
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars :
Not enough powered !
The Dream time
Crew: 1
Length: 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)
Main rotor diameter: 2× 6.10 m
(20 ft 0 in)
Empty weight: 35 kg (77 lb)
Gross weight: 120 kg (265 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × piston engine,
16 kW (12 hp)
The dream time
g) Paul Baumgartl Heliofly I (1941)(Austria), powered by two 8 hp (6 kW) Argus As _ 8 piston
engines each driving a single-blade of the contra-rotating rotors.
Sources : Antony L. Kay "German Aircraft of the Second World War", 1972
Nowarra, Heinz J.. Die Deutsche Luftruestung 1933-1945 - Vol.1 - AEG-Dornier. Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 1993.
4
Koblenz. Source of pictures : www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/baumgartl_heliofly-357.php
2
43
To mention : Micro helicopters avatars :
2.4) The Dream time – Fantacopter (1952)
In an adventure of Spirou et Fantasio “Spirou et les héritier” ("Spirou and heirs“), published in
1952 at Dupuis, the Belgian cartoonist André Franquin, imagine a kind of portable autonomous
helicopter called "Fantacoptère" double game counter-rotating blades (rotating opposite
direction). It was just a figment of the imagination. The idea of ​vertical take-off can, in theory, to
take-off-road, without using the airfield.
44
Keep cool !,
http://www.jollygreen.org/Humor/reasoner.htm
That’s all folk !
To contact the author of this document:
[email protected]