Transcript 5. Using ArcMapGIS part 2

Learning the Basics of
ArcMap
Updated 2/3/2015
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Using Arc/View pt. 1
Tools demonstrated here
 Saving a project – how to and how not to
 Making a jpeg from a layout
 Feature and Image themes (data types)
 Adding an Image Theme
 Scale – how to insure it appears on your final
map
 Proclib – what is it and what is required
Using ArcView Part 2
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A project file DOES NOT SAVE DATA
A project file saves a path to data
Thus when you resume work on a project the
path (location must be the same as in the
past)
Using ArcView Part 2
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Always save and manage
your project from ArcMap
or allied Arc Products
Save early and often
Create new folders for
new work
Use project names that
are informative
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Note the new file
folder I have
created and am
ready to create a
project file name
In ESRI speak our
mapping project
here is called a
“map document”
and has the file
ending “.mxd”
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There are many kinds of Arc Documents, but for the moment we will only
be concerned with an “ArcMap document” or more simply map document
ArcGIS documents
In ArcGIS, you work with system documents and files such as:
• ArcMap documents (.mxd)
• ArcGlobe documents (.3dd)
• Layer files (.lyr)
• Python scripts (.py)
• AML scripts (.aml)
ArcGIS applications use a series of documents for saving work created in ArcGIS.
These documents define how maps, map elements, map layers, globes, globe
elements, and geoprocessing models are managed and used within the
software. For example, a map document specifies the set of map elements
contained in a map along with the map layers and their display properties used
to present GIS datasets. Once you create a map document, you can use it simply
by selecting the document and opening it. This will launch the ArcMap
application for the selected map.
Each ArcGIS document is saved as a file in a disk folder.
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A Map Document (.mxd) does not save data!!!
It only has pointers telling the program where
the data resides, if you move the data or the
map document this may mean you have to relocate the data. (for example if you go to your
home computer instead of a campus computer
the data may not be available)
In this class we recommend that you always
work in our labs utilizing either your U drive or
the J drive, this should eliminate the need to be
concerned with where the data is located,
because you never change locations
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I suggest getting into the practice of saving
your project on your U: drive. Later in the
quarter we will talk about saving elsewhere.
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With the Layout
Showing from
the File tab click
on Export Map
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Choose a place to
save your map,
choose a format – I
recommend JPEG,
give it a title that
makes sense and
SAVE
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Once you have a jpeg or other image format
for your map you can easily insert it into a
report, power point, poster,…
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Our example using the simple exercise data
set should well illustrate this
Also check-out Some Definitions on the
Course Web Page
Feature data
Image data
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Divide text or powerpoint material into
bullets
Rank them by order of importance
Translate these points into sentence(s) using
your own words (not copy and paste with a
little paraphrasing thrown in)
Insert examples into the definition
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Using ArcView Part 2
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One method of storing vector data is in Shape Files . The
vectors are stored in one file and their related attributes are
stored in tables known as attribute tables. A shape file is one
way to store vectors information. In these each class of
features (points, lines or polygons) are stored in a separate
shapefile and each has its own attribute table. Attribute
tables contain one record for each particular feature (such as
a point) of that class in the coverage.
Classes of features
 Points: Points represent features found at discrete locations,
such as telephone poles, wells and mountain peaks.
 Arcs: Arcs represent linear features such as streams, streets
and contours.
 Polygons: Polygons represent areas enclosed by specific
boundaries, such as countries, states, land parcels and soil
types.
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Here we will open the attribute table that is
linked to the FISHHAB vector (shape) file
Do this by right clicking on FISHHAB
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Now all three parts to our basic data set
are visible on the screen Entities in the
Data View window, Attributes in a separate
window and Geocodes at the bottom of the
window
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• Using the black cross we will now add Image data to the
Data View.
• Note that the file extension for all of the vector data here
is .shp (shape file)
• For this data set the image data has an extension .BIL
• Click and add
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Don’t worry
about this
projection
statement
We will deal
with this
later.
Click OK
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Refresher – now may be a good time to save your work
Always save and manage
your projects from
ArcMap or allied Arc
Products
Save early and often
Create new folders for
new work
Use project names that
are informative
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I have now turned
on a shaded relief
image underlying
my area and
zoomed in a bit
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Note there are no Attribute Tables Available
with this Image Data
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An image is a graphic representation or description of an object that
is typically produced by an optical or electronic device. Some
common examples of image data include remotely sensed data,
such as satellite data, scanned data, and photographs.
 Image data is a form of raster data where each grid-cell, or pixel,
has a certain value depending on how the image was captured and
what it represents. For example, if the image is a remotely sensed
satellite image, each pixel represents light energy reflected from a
portion of the Earth's surface. If, however, the image is a scanned
document, each pixel represents a brightness value associated with
a particular point on the document.
 To change the way an image looks and to derive additional
information from an image you can edit an image's legend. (Aside:
but this is very limited)
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Images are often used as the background to views, with spatial
data being drawn on top of them. Themes representing images are
therefore normally moved to the bottom of the view's Table of
Contents, so that they are drawn on the view first.
The main difference between image data and feature-based spatial
data is that images do not contain attribute data about the features
they show.
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Take a moment to build a definition for each
feature and image data
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REMEMBER
Always save and manage
your projects from
ArcMap or allied Arc
Products
Save early and often
Create new folders for
new work
Use project names that
are informative
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Note that the default for
Geocodes is lat/long
reported in Decimal Degrees
which makes no sense here
(maximum value should be
180.0 decimal degrees
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Usually Shape Files for ESRI products set the
coordinate system and you don’t have to
worry about this, default is lat/long decimal
degrees
This set, made by Whatcom County, is not the
ordinary type, so we have to explain to the
ArcMap what the county folks did
Let’s fix this map. Through experimentation I
know that this is in a bastardized version of
UTM
Once we have saved our work this map will
always be properly set, but the raw data will
not be changed.
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Highlight Layers, then right click
and select properties
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Note NAD 1927 stands for
North American Datum
1927 – basically a “datum”
or sphere fit to the world
based on our best guess in
1927 that made North
America look least distorted
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Note that our Geocodes have
changed to meters in hundreds of
thousands – just what we want
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Now let’s
measure
some
distances on
our map, click
on the
Measure tool.
Set this to the
ever popular
Miles
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Click and drag and distance
will appear in box. Single
click allows turning a corner.
Double click stops
measurement
Now I’m Happy, Bob.
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Now you can add a
scale bar to your
map.
If the coordinates are
set correctly
automatically you
don’t need to do all of
this
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