Transcript Accent Plus Symposium, Urbino, Italy, 17-20 Sep2013
Observations of Enhanced Black Carbon radiative forcing over an Urban Environment A.S.Panicker, G. Pandithurai, P.D.Safai, S.Dipu
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pashan, Pune-411008, India Email : [email protected]
Accent Plus Symposium, Urbino, Italy, 17-20 Sep2013
Objectives To estimate Composite (total) aerosol direct radiative forcing in short wavelength region using chemical composition data To Estimate direct radiative forcing solely due to Black Carbon (BC) To find the contribution of BC to total aerosol radiative forcing
Accent Plus Symposium, Urbino, Italy, 17-20 Sep2013
Experimental site
Observations and Models Used for study… Instruments
► Aethalometer ► High volume sampler ► Sun/Sky radiometer
Models
► OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AEROSOLS AND CLOUDS (OPAC) ► SANTA BARBARA DISCRETE ORDINATE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL (SBDART)
Aethalometer, High Volume sampler, Sun/Skyradimeter Aethalometer High volume sampler Prede Sun/Skyradiometer
MODELS OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds) ► OPAC Estimates Optical properties of aerosols from 0.2 40 µm (AOD,SSA,ASP, Extinction coeff etc.).
► Uses atmospheric chemistry data sets as Input ► Data sets from High volume sampler ( water soluble and acid soluble components) and Aethalometer (Black carbon)
SBDART (SANTA BARBARA DISCRETE ORDINATE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL) ► 1-dimensional model – Incorporates aerosol observations ► Plane parallel atmosphere ► Line-by-Line integration ► Default Temperature & water vapor profiles:
TROPICAL
,
MID LATITUDE SUMMER , MID-LATITUDE WINTER
,
SUB-ARCTIC SUMMER , SUB-ARCTIC WINTER
.
SBDART.....
Aerosol Optical Depth
Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo
Asymmetry Parameter
Derived from Observations Surface Albedo (From MODIS) Water vapor column (From MODIS) Column ozone(From TOMS/OMI) Fluxes at different levels (Surface & TOA) Downward, Upward, and Direct Fluxes
Forcing
F
F
aerosol
F
F
clean
Methodology
Aerosol Radiative forcing = Fluxes with aerosols- Fluxes with out aerosols
Aerosol Short wave radiative forcing estimation for composite aerosols Water soluble, Acid soluble componets and BC data as inputs in OPAC
OPAC derived Composite aerosol optical properties: AOD, SSA and ASP from 0.2-4
μm
as inputs in SBDART
Short wave radiative forcing at Surface, TOA and Atmosphere by total aerosol mass
Aerosol Short wave radiative forcing estimation for Black Carbon (BC) aerosols Black carbon data alone as input in OPAC
OPAC derived BC aerosol AOD, SSA and ASP from 0.2-4
μm
as inputs in SBDART
Short wave radiative forcing at Surface, TOA and Atmosphere byBC aerosols
Comparison of aerosol properties by OPAC and Sky radiometer 0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
OPAC AOD Observed AOD OPAC SSA Observed SSA Oct04 Nov04 Jan05 Feb05
Month
Mar05 Apr05
Months
WS/WIS and BC mass
Mass fraction ( μg/m3) Water-Insoluble Water Soluble BC % BC mass to TSP October -04 November-04 January-05 February-05 March-05 April-05 140 139.8
85.3 114.1 184.2 188.9
31.3
44.9
56.9 53.8 46.8 55.3 3.91 5.76 6.79
5.87
4.10
3.90
2.23
3.02
4.56
3.4
1.7
1.6
SW radiative forcing by Composite and BC aerosols at surface and TOA 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20
a
Oct04 Nov04
b
Oct04 Month Jan05 Feb05 March05 Apr05 Nov04 Surface Forcing(Wm -2 ) TOA forcing(Wm -2 ) Jan05 Feb05 March05 Apr05
Seasonal averages of shortwave atmospheric forcing for composite and for BC aerosols over Pune 50 40 30 CARF@Pune BCAF@Pune 20 10 0 Post-monsoon winter pre-monsoon
Summary •
OPAC derived aerosol optical properties for composite aerosols and for BC fraction alone has been incorporated in SBDART to derive composite and BC only aerosol forcing respectively for different seasons
•
The atmospheric forcing derived for composite aerosols were found to be +35.5, +32.9, +47.6 Wm-2 and for BC fraction alone these were found to be +18.8, + 23.4 and +17.2 Wm-2 during post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon, respectively.
•
The study suggests that eventhogh BC contributes 1.6-5% by mass in total aerosols loading, on an average, it contributes to around 55% of the total atmospheric aerosol radiative forcing due to strong radiative absorption by BC.
Acknowledgements
Prof. Michele Maione, ACCENT plus, W.M.O for supports Director IITM