Transcript Alaska-Session
Explicit Instruction: Effective and Efficient Instruction Webinar Series Session 4
Anita L. Archer, Ph.D.
Author and Consultant
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Archer, A., & Hughes, C. (2011).
Explicit Instruction: Effective and Efficient Teaching.
NY: Guilford Publications.
www.explicitinstruction.org
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Webinar Participation
Choral Responses:
If the answer is short and the same, you will say an answer together.
Partner Responses:
If you are viewing this with fellow educators, divide into partners and give each partner a number (either #1 or #2).
Written Responses:
Record written responses on the handout or on plain paper.
Recorder:
Select one person in your group to be the recorder of “best answers” when asked. Type into “Chat Box.”
Best Practices:
On a separate piece of paper, maintain a list of best practices.
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February 8
Topic:
Delivery of Instruction- Part 1
Chapter 6
February 22
Topic:
Delivery of Instruction- Part 2
Chapter 6 and 7 March 7 Topic:
Design of Instruction:
Chapter 2
Teaching Skills and Strategies
Schedule
March 21
Topic:
Design of Instruction: Concepts and Vocabulary
Chapter 3
April 4
Topic:
Judicious Practice
Chapter 8
Note:
Those taking the course for university credit are required to read the corresponding chapters. 4
Design of Instruction
Lessons:
1. Are
organized
and
focused
lessons.
2. Begin with a statement of
goals.
3. Provide
review
of preskills and knowledge.
4. Provide
step-by-step demonstrations
.
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Design of Instruction
5. Provide
guided
and supported
practice.
6. Use
clear
and
concise
language.
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Three Lesson Components • Opening
• Attention • Review • Preview
• Body • Closing
• Review • Preview • Independent Work 7
Body - Skill or Strategy • The Three Components •
Model
•
Prompt
•
Check (I do it.) (We do it.) (You do it.)
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Reflection
Share with your partner.
- In the last two weeks, how did you use: - I do it.
- We do it.
- You do it. 9
Vocabulary Instruction • Preparation for instruction
– Selection of words – Selection of definitions
• Explicit Instruction
– Demonstration of lesson – Teaching lesson together
• Extensions
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Explicit Vocabulary Instruction Selection of Vocabulary
• Select a
limited number
vocabulary instruction.
of words for robust, explicit •
Three to ten words
per story or section in a chapter would be appropriate.
• Briefly
tell students the meaning of other words
that are needed for comprehension. 11
Explicit Vocabulary Instruction Selection of vocabulary
• Select words that are
unknown.
• Select words that are
important
understanding.
to passage • Select words that students are likely to encounter in the
future
and are generally useful. (Stahl, 1986) – Focus on Tier Two words (Beck & McKeown, 2003) • Select words that are more
difficult
to obtain.
– Words having an abstract versus concrete reference.
– Words with no known synonym.
– Words not clearly defined in passage.
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Explicit Instruction of Words Selection of Vocabulary
(Beck & McKeown, 1985) • • • Tier One - Basic words – chair, bed, happy, house
Tier Two -
Words in general use in many domains
(Academic Vocabulary)
– concentrate, absurd, fortunate, relieved, dignity, convenient, observation, analyze, persistence (Academic vocabulary)
Tier Three
- Rare words limited to a specific domain
(Background Knowledge)
– tundra, igneous rocks, constitution, area, sacrifice fly, genre, foreshadowing 13
Explicit Instruction - Select words for robust, explicit instruction.
Second Graders
Enemy Pie
by Derek Munson perfect trampoline enemy recipe disgusting earthworms ingredients horrible nervous invited boomerang 14
Explicit Instruction - Select words for robust, explicit instruction.
Fifth Graders
The Family Under the Bridge
by Natalie Savage Carlson (for Chapter 1) monsieur gratitude cathedral cowered fastidious loitering hidey-hole hyacinths fragile oleanders roguish adventure 15
Feedback
What words did you select?
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Explicit Instruction - Select words for robust, explicit instruction.
Reading Level: Eighth Grade Series: Prentice Hall obstacle* district Passage: Breaker’s Bridge Words: *Selected for instruction in manual. amplify writhing* gorge imperial piers* miniature executioner* defeated immortals* emperor desperation supervising emerged insult deposited deadline 17
Feedback
What words did you select?
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•
Explicit Instruction Prepare - Student-Friendly Explanations
•
Dictionary Definition relieved
- (1) To free wholly or partly from pain, stress, pressure. (2) To lessen or alleviate, as pain or pressure
Student-Friendly Explanation
(Beck, McKeown, & Kucan, 2003) –
Is easy to understand.
– When something that was difficult is over or never happened at all, you feel
relieved
. 19
Explicit Instruction Prepare - Student-Friendly Explanations
Utilize a dictionary for English Language Learners.
Explanation from Collins Cobuild Dictionary of American English
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Did the teacher:
1. Introduce the
word.
2. Present a
student-friendly explanation
.
3. Illustrate the word with
examples.
4.
Check students’
understanding.
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1. Introduce the word.
compete
verb
2.
2. Present a student-friendly explanation .
If you
compete
in a contest or a game, you take part in it.
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compete -
3. Illustrate with examples.
These bike riders
compete
to determine the fastest rider. 23
compete -
3. Illustrate with examples.
These foosball players
compete
to determine the best team. 24
compete -
4. Check student’s understanding.
• There are many sports and games that you could
compete
in. Think of one that you would enjoy. • Tell your partner what you would like to compete in. • Begin by saying: I would like to compete in……..
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compete -
Extensions - word family
compete v competition n competed v competitor n competing v competitive adj Tom loves to
compete
in races. In the past, he
competing competitor competed
in marathons, running the 26 miles. After being injured in a skiing accident, he wanted to continue in marathons so he joined the wheelchair Tom has proven to be a great , winning a number of races. He is very
competition.
competitive.
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1. Introduce the word
.
migrate
v 2.
Present a student-friendly explanation .
When people
migrate
, they move from one place to to settle in another. When animals
migrate,
the animals move from one place to another place at a specific season usually to get food or to breed.
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migrate
3. Illustrate with examples.
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migrate
4. Check student’s understanding.
Visual Learning - Why do you think this group is migrating?
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Why do you think this group is migrating?
Begin by saying:
I think this group is migrating for the following reasons:
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migrate -
Extensions
migrate migration migrants 4000 years ago the Bantu began to
migrate
to other areas of Africa. Because of this
migration,
the Bantu
migrants
shared their language with other people in Africa. 31
Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine
Step 1 . Introduce the word.
a) b) Write the word on the board or overhead.
Read the word and have the students repeat the word. If the word is difficult to pronounce or unfamiliar have the students repeat the word a number of times.
Introduce the word with me.
“ This word is relieved. What word?”
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued)
Step 2. Present a student-friendly explanation .
a) b) Tell students the explanation. OR Have them read the explanation with you.
Present the definition with me.
“When something that is difficult is over or never happened at all, you feel relieved.
So if something that is difficult is over, you would feel _______________.”
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued)
Optional procedure for presenting meaning of word.
a) b) Have students locate the definition in the glossary or text.
Guide students in breaking the definition into the critical attributes (parts).
Glossary Entry
: An essay is a short nonfiction work about a particular subject. Most essays have a single major focus and a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
Essay o o o o Short Nonfiction work Particular subject Clear introduction, body, and conclusion 34
Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued)
Optional procedure for presenting meaning of word. Introduce the word using the morphographs (meaningful parts) in the word.
Analyze parts of word.
autobiography auto = self bio = life graph = letters, words, or pictures hydroelectric hydro = water 35
Prefix un re in/im dis en/em mis pre pro a
The Most Common Prefixes in English
Meaning not; reversal of again, back, really in, into, not away, apart, negative in; within; on wrong before in favor of; before not; in, on, without 4% 3% 3% 1% 1% % of prefixed words 26% 14% 11% 7% Examples uncover rewrite incorrect, insert discover, discontent entail mistaken prevent protect atypical 36
Suffix s, es ed ing ly er,or tion, sion able, ible al, ial
The Most Common Suffixes in English
Meaning Examples more than one; verb marker in the past; quality/state when you do something; quality, state how something is one who, what/that/which state, quality; act able to be related to, like 7% 4% 4% 2% 1% %of prefixed words 31% 20% 14% movies walked walking lovely teacher, tailor action;erosion comfortable fatal 37
Common Latin and Greek Roots
aqua aud auto astro biblio bio chrono corp demo dic, dict dorm geo
water hearing self star book life time body the people speak, tell sleep earth Greek Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Latin Greek Latin Latin Greek aquarium, aqueduct, aquaculture, aquamarine, aquaplane, aquatic audio, audition, audiovisual, auditorium, audiotape, inaudible autograph, autobiography, automobile, autocrat, autonomy astronomy, astrophysics, astrology, astronaut, astronomer, asterisk Bible, bibliography, bibliophobia, bibliophile, biblioklept biography, biology,autobiography, bionic, biotic, antibiotic, biome, bioshere, biometrics synchronize, chronology,chronic, chronicle, anachronism corpse, corporation, corps,incorporate, corporeal, corpulence democracy, demography,epidemic, demotic, endemic, pandemic dictate, dictation, diction, dictator, verdict, predict, contradict, benediction, jurisdiction, predict, indict, edict dormant, dormitory, dormer, dormouse, dormition, dormitive geology, geologist, geometry, geography, geographer, geopolitical, 38 geothermal, geocentric
Common Latin and Greek Roots
graph hydro ject logos, logy luna meter mega min mit, mis path ped philia
to write, to draw water throw study Greek Greek Latin Greek moon measure great, large, big small, little send feeling, suffering foot love, friendship Latin Greek Greek Latin Latin Greek Latin Greek autograph, biography, photograph, telegraph, lithograph hydroplane, dehydrate, hydroelectric, hydrogen, hydrophone reject, deject, project, inject, injection, projection geology, astrology, biology, numerology, zoology, technology, psychology, anthropology, mythology lunar, lunacy, lunatic, interlunar meter, thermometer, diameter, geometry, optometry, barometer, centimeter, symmetry, voltammeter megaphone,megalith, megalomania, megatons, megalopolis minimal, minimize, minimum, mini, miniature, minuscule, minute, minority mission, transmit, transmission, remit, missile,submission, permit, emit, emissary pathetic, pathology, apathy, antipathy, sympathy, telepathy, empathy, sociopath pedestrian, pedal, peddle, peddler, pedicure, pedometer 39 philosopher, Philadelphia, philanthropist, philharmonic, Philip
Common Latin and Greek Roots
phono terra
sound land Greek
photo port spect scope sol struct tele
light carry see look at sun build, form distant Greek Latin Latin Greek Latin Latin Greek Latin phonograph, microphone, symphony, telephone, phonogram, megaphone, phony, euphony, xylophone, phony, photograph, photosynthesis, telephoto, photometer, photophilia port, transport, transportation, portable, portage, report respect, inspection, inspector, spectator, spectacles,prospect microscope, telescope, periscope, kaleidoscope, episcopal solar, solar system, solstice, solarium, parasol instruct, instruction, construction, reconstruction, destruct, destruction, infrastructure, construe, instrument, instrumental telephone, television,telegraph, telephoto, telescope, telepathy, telethon, telegenic territory, terrestrial, terrace, terrarium, extraterrestrial, Mediterranean Sea, terra cotta, subterranean 40
Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued)
Step 3. Illustrate the word with examples.
a) b) c) Concrete examples.
Visual representations.
Verbal examples.
Present the examples with me.
“When the spelling test is over, you feel relieved .” “When you have finished giving the speech that you dreaded, you feel relieved.
”
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued) Step 4. Option #1.
Check students’ understanding.
Ask deep processing questions.
Check students’ understanding with me.
When the students lined up for morning recess, Jason said, “I am so relieved that this morning is over.” Why might Jason be relieved?
When Maria was told that the soccer game had been cancelled, she said, “I am relieved.” Why might Maria be relieved?
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued) Step 4. Option #2.
Check students’ understanding.
Have students discern between examples and non-examples.
Check students’ understanding with me.
“If you were nervous singing in front of others, would you feel relieved when the concert was over?” Yes “Why?” “If you loved singing to audiences, would you feel relieved when the concert was over?” No “Why not?” was not difficult for you.
It
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued) Step 4. Option #3.
Check students’ understanding.
Have students generate their own examples.
Check students’ understanding with me.
“Tell your partner a time when you were relieved.”
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Teach the meaning of critical, unknown vocabulary words.
Instructional Routine (continued) Step 4. Option #4.
Check students’ understanding.
Provide students with a “sentence starter”. Have them say the complete sentence.
Check students’ understanding with me.
Sometimes your mother is relieved. Tell your partner when your mother is relieved. Start your sentence by saying, “My mother is relieved when________.”
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Vocabulary Logs
• Have students maintain a log of vocabulary to facilitate study and review.
• What can be recorded on a vocabulary log?
– Word – Student-friendly explanation – Any of these options • A sentence to illustrate the word’s meaning • Examples and non-examples • An illustration • In lower grades, create a group log on a flip chart.
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Word Walls
• Create a word wall in your classroom – Post a reminder of the context.
• Copy of the cover of the read-aloud book • Copy of the first page in the story • The topic in science or social studies – Post the vocabulary words.
– Incorporate the words into your classroom language.
– Encourage students to us the words when speaking and writing.
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Best Practice List
Share your best practice list with your partner. Tell your partner two practices that you intend to implement in your classroom.
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Thank You
In the next two weeks, 1) 2) Teach vocabulary using the instructional routine.
Read Chapter 8.
3) 4) View some of the video clips on the website.
If you have additional questions, send the question to me. [email protected]
5) Remember : How well we teach = How well they learn
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