Transcript Document

• Electric Power Steering
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Electronic control unit - Types of electronic control units
1
Electric Power Steering Control Unit
(PSCU)— Generally this will be
integrated into the EPS powerpack.
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Controller Area Network - Automotive
Albert, Robert Bosch GmbH Embedded
World, 2004, Nürnberg Typically the biggest
processor is the engine control unit (also
engine control module/ECM or Powertrain
Control Module/PCM in automobiles); others
are used for Transmission
(mechanics)|transmission, airbags, Anti-lock
braking system|antilock braking/ABS, cruise
control, electric power steering/EPS, audio
systems, power windows, doors, mirror
adjustment, battery and recharging systems
for hybrid/electric cars, etc
1
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Lane departure warning system - Timeline of available systems
This system can issue an audiovisual
warning and also (using the Electric Power
Steering or EPS) steer the vehicle to hold
its lane
1
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Power steering - Electric systems
1
'Electric power steering' ('EPS' or 'EPAS')
uses an electric motor to assist the
driving|driver of a vehicle
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Power steering - Electric systems
1
By incorporating electronic stability
control electric power steering
systems can instantly vary torque
assist levels to aid the driver in
corrective maneuvers.
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Power steering - Electric systems
1
The first electric power steering system
appeared on the Suzuki Cervo in 1988.
Today a number of manufacturers use
electric power steering.
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Steering wheel
This can be through direct mechanical
contact as in recirculating ball or rack and
pinion steering gears, without or with the
assistance of hydraulic power steering,
HPS, or as in some modern production
cars with the assistance of computer
controlled motors, known as Electric
Power Steering
1
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Steering wheel - Passenger cars
1
Power steering gives the driver an easier
means by which the steering of a car can
be accomplished. Modern power steering
has almost universally relied on a
hydraulic system, although Electric Power
Steering|electrical systems are steadily
replacing this technology. Mechanical
power steering systems (e.g., Studebaker,
1952) have been invented, but their weight
and complexity negate the benefits that
they provide.
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Engine control computer - Types of electronic control units
* Electric Power Steering Control Unit
(PSCU)— Generally this will be integrated
into the Power steering#Electric
systems|EPS powerpack.
1
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Prius - First generation (XW10; 1997–2003)
Air conditioning and electric power
steering were standard equipment.2001
Toyota Prius Repair Manual, Volume 2,
Pub
1
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Intelligent Parking Assist System - Technology
When the Intelligent Parking Assist
System is activated, the central
processor calculates the optimum
parallel or reverse park steering angles
and then interfaces with the Electric
Power Steering systems of the vehicle
to guide the car into the parking spot.
1
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Dynamic steering response
1
'Dynamic steering response' (DSR) is
a car safety technique that corrects
the rate of hydraulic or electric power
steering system to adapt it to vehicle's
speed and road conditions. Similar to
DIRAVI, this system was first featured
in the SEAT Leon Cupra R and has
since been used in a wide range of
models including the Ibiza, Cordoba,
new Leon, Altea and new Toledo.
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Dodge Ram - 2013 changes
Due to a new electric power steering
system, the 5.7L HEMI V8 no longer has a
power steering pump, and gains 5
horsepower, now making and
1
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Ford F-150 - Twelfth generation (2009–14)
1
Other modifications include the addition of
a Nexteer Automotive Power
steering|Electric Power Steering (EPS)
system on most models.
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EPS - Technology
1
* Electric power steering, a
type of power steering
system used in cars
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Honda NSX - Development
Other notable features included an
independent, 4-channel anti-lock brake
system; titanium connecting rods in the
engine to permit reliable high-rpm
operation; an Power Steering#Electric
systems|electric power steering system;
Honda's proprietary VTEC variable valve
timing system (a first in the US) and, in
1995, the first electronic throttle control
fitted to a Honda.
1
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Honda NSX - Alex Zanardi Edition NSX
1
Total vehicle weight is reduced compared
to the NSX-T, through the use of a fixed
hard-top roof, lighter rear spoiler, single
pane rear glass, lightweight BBS alloy
wheels, a lighter battery, and a manual
rack-and-pinion steering system in place
of the electric power steering.
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Lexus LS - 2006–2009
1
Other drive-assist features included a
brake-hold system, radar cruise
control, electric electric power
steering|variable gear ratio power
steering, and Electronically
Controlled Brake|electronically
controlled braking
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Lincoln MKT - Production MKT (2010-present)
The MKT features electric power
steering over more-traditional
hydraulic power steering. The electric
steering system is combined with
ultrasonic sensors to form a hands-off
Active Park Assist system that steers
the vehicle into parallel parking slots.
1
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Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation) - 2011 SEMA concepts (2011)
1
Camaro 1LE Concept is a version of Camaro featuring production
components both the Camaro SS and forthcoming Camaro ZL1,
with Victory Red body color, flat black hood and hash mark
extensions, satin black splitter, rocker panels, rear spoiler and
outside mirrors; sport suspension featuring Magnetic Ride Control,
electric power steering, six-speed manual close-ratio transmission,
20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) racing wheels (in satin
black), Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar G asymmetrical tires (from the
ZL1), Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and
four-piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), dual
exhaust outlets with ZL1-style active exhaust and diffuser, shock
tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories red engine cover, Black leather
interior with Light Stone stitching, Graphite Silver door and
instrument panel inserts, ZL1 shifter with Light Stone stitching, ZL1
flat-bottom steering wheel, Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit.
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Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation) - Camaro, RS, 1LE
Changes to SS models includes
standard variable-effort electric
power steering, optional dual-mode
exhaust system on manual
transmission-equipped models. Both
features were introduced on the
Camaro ZL1.
1
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Dodge Ram - 2013 changes
Due to a new electric power steering
system, the 5.7L HEMI V8 no longer has a
power steering pump, and gains 5
horsepower, now making and
1
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Honda Civic (ninth generation) - 2012 model year
The Eco Assist can also alter the
transmission's shift pattern in the
hybrid model. A new Motion Adaptive
electric power steering system helps
to mitigate oversteer or understeer in
conjunction with the standard Vehicle
Stability Assist.
1
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Honda Civic (ninth generation) - 2012 model year
1
The electric power steering system is
lighter by 1.3kg (2.9lb); the front
subframe is lighter by 1.7kg (3.7lb); a
thinner-walled fuel tank saves 1.0kg
(2.2lb) and a laser-welded exhaust
silencer that is 0.5kg (1.1lb) lighter
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Honda Civic (ninth generation) - 2014 Civic hatchback update, 2014 Civic Tourer (2014-)
1
Changes to Civic hatchback include retuned
electric power steering to provide a more
secure control during higher speeds, front
and rear dampers were revised for improving
body control, toe and camber of the rear
suspension were realigned to improve the
hatchback's handling, privacy glass on the
lower rear window, piano black touches on
the number plate surround, tailgate and
lower bumper; piano black front bumper, new
alloy wheels, darker wheel arch garnishes,
white stitching on the seats, steering wheel
and knee pad; aluminum inserts around the
cup holder, glossy black inserts.
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BMW X3 (F25) - Production
1
50 2011 BMW X3 built between April 27,
2011 and June 8, 2011 were recalled for
possible electric power steering system
malfunction, leading to loss of power
steering.[http://www.autoblog.com/2011/07
/05/2011-bmw-x3-recalled-over-powersteering-failure/ 2011 BMW X3 recalled
over power steering issues]
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Volkswagen Bora - IRVW 3
1
It was essentially a feasibility study
for newly developed technology such
as Anti-lock braking system|anti-lock
brakes and Power steering#Electric
systems|electric power steering
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Volkswagen Bora - Features
A Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG)
transmission, available dual-zone
automatic climate control, and Electric
Power Steering|electro-mechanical power
steering are also new innovations.
1
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Automobile controls - Steering
1
Power steering makes it easier to turn
the wheels. Power steering has mostly
been Hydraulic machinery|hydraulic
but are being replaced by Electric
Power Steering|electrical systems.
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Lexus GS (S190) - Safety systems
1
VSC with the electric power steering
system can immediately alter
steering torque assist during evasive
maneuvers.
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Lexus GS (S190) - GRS191 / UZS190 (2005)
1
Also new to the GS line was an Electric
Power Steering (EPS) system replacing
the previous model's hydraulic steering
pump, while the V8 model featured a
Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS)
system and Electronically Controlled
Brake (ECB) a type of brake-by-wire
system
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BMW X5 (F15) - BMW X5 M50d, BMW Individual range, Original BMW Accessories
(2013-)
BMW X5 M50d includes Adaptive M
suspension (Dynamic Damper Control and
air suspension at the rear axle, Electric
Power Steering), 19-inch M light-alloy
wheels in double-spoke design, mixed
tyres. The optional Dynamic adaptive
suspension package includes Dynamic
Performance Control and Dynamic Drive
active roll stabilisation.
1
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Lexus RX - 2008–2012
1
An Electric Power Steering (EPS) system
replaces the previous belt-driven hydraulic
pump
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BMW M4 - F82 M4
1
For the first time in the M vehicle, an electric
power steering unit will be used
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Nissan Micra - Nissan New Micra (2013–)
1
Visia model includes remote central
locking, front power windows, electric
power steering, 14-inch wheels and a
full complement of safety equipment
including driver and front passenger
airbags, side airbags and curtain
bags, ABS and ESP.
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ZF Friedrichshafen - Applications
In the ZF Lenksysteme division (a
50:50 joint venture between ZF and
Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch), steering
systems and components are
produced, including steering
columns, gears and pumps; Electric
Power Steering (EPS); and Active
Steering.
1
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Lexus IS (XE20) - Technical features
1
For the IS 250, IS 350, and IS F, engines
feature the manufacturer's gasoline direct
injection|D-4S direct injection system;
these models are ULEV-II emission
certified in the United States by the
California Air Resources Board. The IS
line also features an Electric Power
Steering (EPS) system which replaces the
previous hydraulic steering pump.
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Lexus IS (XE20) - USE20 (2007)
The IS F uses an electric power
steering|all-electric rack and pinion
steering system with a 13.6:1 gear ratio
1
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Lexus IS (XE20) - USE20 (2007)
1
For the 2011 model year the electric power steering
system and suspension were revised, with tweaks to
the front and rear spring rates, shock absorber
dampening, rear bushings and rear camber
angle.[http://www.topspeed.com/cars/lexus/2011lexus-is-fus-version-ar93613.html 2011 Lexus IS-FTop Speed] An interior update included the addition of
the Sport button to the steering
wheel[http://www.autoguide.com/autonews/2010/07/lexus-is350-awd-model-announcedes350-tuned-for-regular-fuel.html Lexus IS350 AWD
Model Announced, ES350 Tuned for Regular Fuel |
AutoGuide.com News] and a redesign of the gauge
cluster featuring a large central tachometer similar to
the Lexus LFA
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Lexus LFA - Chassis
An electric power
steering rack with a
14.3:1 gear ratio is
used
1
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Mégane Renault Sport - Mégane II Renaultsport
1
The Mégane II RS was available in threedoor and five-door hatchback versions,
both with the same engine and it was
built at Renault's Dieppe factory, which
is where most of their special and race
cars are made (like the Clio V6, 5 Turbo,
Spyder and Alpine A610 / A110). The
Mégane Renault Sport 225 uses doubleaxis strut suspension with independent
steering axis at the front, with electric
power steering that reduces its influence
as speeds increase.
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Honda Crider - Overview
1
All models feature
four wheel disc
brakes and electric
power steering.
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Lexus GS - 2005–2007
1
New to the GS line was an electric power
steering (EPS) system, and both the V8
and hybrid models featured a variable
gear ratio steering (VGRS) system and
Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB) a
type of brake-by-wire system
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Lexus GS - 2011–present
1
For the 2014 model year, changes to GS 350 includes eightspeed automatic transmission with steering for rear-wheel
drive (RWD) model, introduction of F SPORT package
(optional Lexus Dynamic Handling system with Dynamic Rear
Steering (DRS), Electric Power Steering, Variable Gear Ratio
Steering (VGRS)), integrated Siri Eyes Free mode from Apple
(compatible with iPhone 4S and iPhone 5 models, flush
mounted sensors for available Intuitive Park Assist, full color
display added to optional Heads-Up Display, available Blind
Spot Monitor adds Rear Cross Traffic Alert and power-folding
mirrors, Luxury Package changes (ED foglamps,
Superchrome finish for 18-inch wheels, and the rear armrest
control panel display adds display option to view radio station
and song title information), optional power trunk opener,
Lexus Night View system discontinued.
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Alternator (automotive) - Field regulation
Typical passenger car and light truck
alternators are rated around 50-70A,
though higher ratings are becoming more
common, especially as there is more load
on the vehicle's electrical system with Air
conditioning#Automobile air
conditioners|air conditioning, electric
power steering and other electrical
systems
1
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Lexus CT - Specifications
1
Sport mode modifies the throttle and
electric power steering settings, while
making the Stability control and traction
control less intrusive, maximising the
CT200h's performance
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Mazda - SkyActiv Technology
These technologies include high
compression ratio gasoline engines
(13.0 to 1), reduced compression diesel
engines (14.0 to 1) with new 2-stage
turbocharger design, highly efficient
automatic transmissions, lighter weight
manual transmissions, lightweight
body designs and Electric power
steering#Electric systems|electric
power steering
1
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Drive by wire - Steer by wire
1
This is not to be confused with Electric
Power Steering. Electric Power
Steering can be considered as a stage
of evolution from mechanical steering
to steer by wire systems.
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Mini Hatch - Technical specifications
Another key difference is the
introduction of an upgraded electric
power steering system, the sharpness
of which can be increased by pressing
a Sport button in front of the gear lever
(both auto and manual); additionally,
the Sport button adjusts the response
of the Accelerator (car)|accelerator,
and in conjunction with automatic
transmission, also allows the engine
to rev almost to the redline before
changing gear.
1
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Dodge i10 - Variants
1
*'Era': Immobilizer, chrome radiator grille,
dual-color interior, electric power steering,
manual AC with heater, power windows
and bumpers.
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Ford Mustang (fifth generation) - 2011 and 2012 Mustang
1
Other, non-powertrain related upgrades
made to the 2011 Mustang included a
Nexteer Automotive Power
steering|Electric Power Steering (EPS)
system with pull-drift compensation and
active nibble control, general
aerodynamic and Noise, vibration, and
harshness|NVH improvements over the
2010 Mustang, a digital
message/information center, blind spot
mirrors integrated into the car's side
mirrors, a universal garage door opener,
a 160mph speedometer, and
Ford'sMyKey programmable vehicle key
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Ford Expedition - 2015
1
Expedition also features a new Electric
power steering#Electric systems|electric
power servo-assisted steering and PullDrift Compensation (PDC) which detects
crosswinds and compensates for it.
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Land Rover Discovery Sport - Chassis
1
Power_steering#Electric_systems|Electric
power steering is fitted, with 2.43 turns
lock to lock and a turning circle of . The
electric power steering system allows the
Discovery Sport to feature an automatic
parking system.
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Nexteer Automotive - History
1
*2011: Full Size Truck Rack
Electric Power Steering
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Nexteer Automotive - Products
* Steering Systems: active steering,
electric power steering, hydraulic power
steering and torque overlay solutions
1
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Nexteer Automotive - Products
1
** Electric Power Steering: Since 1999,
Nexteer Automotive has put more than
15 million EPS units on the road,
saving more than of fuel.
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Electronically Controlled Brake
The ECB is an integral part of the
company's Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management stability control system, by
allowing for automatic brake adjustments,
which work in conjunction with variable
gear-ratio electric power steering systems.
1
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Controller–area network - Automotive
Others are used for Transmission
(mechanics)|transmission, airbags,
Anti-lock braking system|antilock
braking/ABS, cruise control, electric
power steering, audio systems, power
windows, doors, mirror adjustment,
battery and recharging systems for
hybrid/electric cars, etc
1
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Ford Fiesta - Equipment
Other new equipment includes keyless
entry with a 'Ford Power' starter button,
reach and rake adjustable steering wheel,
electric power steering, and a USB port for
portable music players
1
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Ford Mustang - Fifth generation (2005–2014)
1
Electric power steering
replaced the
conventional hydraulic
version
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Toyota Crown Majesta - First-generation series S140
1
Advanced for this time, the Crown
Majesta had an optional GPS
navigation system, electric power
steering, heated front and rear
electric seats, four-wheel steering,
and a head-up display that projected
key information on the inside
windshield surface above the
instrument cluster
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Ford Escape - Second generation (2007–2012)
The 2008 Escape and its Mercury
Mariner#Second generation|Mercury
Mariner sibling were the first vehicles
to feature Ford's pull-drift steering
compensation, an enhancement made
possible by applying software control
to the Electric Power Steering (EPS)
system.
1
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Ford Aerostar - HFX Aerostar Ghia (1987)
This included run-flat tires, adjustable
pedals, power-sliding side doors, electric
power steering, ABS, traction control,
seatbelt pretensioners, and movable grille
shutters
1
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Ford Flex - Active Park Assist
Offered on the Flex is Ford's Active
Park Assist system, which finds and
measures a suitable parking space,
then operates the steering wheel to
accomplish the parallel parking task.
This feature uses software control of
the Electric Power Steering (EPS)
system in response to inputs provided
by ultrasonic sensors. A competing
camera-based system from Lexus
1
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Suzuki Cappuccino
1
Later versions in Japan had an early
production iteration of speed-sensing
electric Power steering|power-assisted
steering and aluminium double
wishbone suspension
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Steering - Power steering
1
Electric power steering (EPS) is more
efficient than the hydraulic power
steering, since the electric power
steering motor only needs to provide
assistance when the steering wheel is
turned, whereas the hydraulic pump
must run constantly
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Acura TL - Fourth generation (UA8-UA9)
1
Both models use electric power steering
rather than hydraulic, and a revised fivespeed automatic transmission featuring
shift paddles on the steering wheel is
standard equipment for both models
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Suzuki Cervo - Cervo CG72V/CH72V (3rd generation)
1
In March, three models with the world's
first electric power steering
(CGPF/CGPL/CGPJ) were added to the
lineup, at a juicy 150,000 surcharge
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Toyota RAV4 - XA30 (2005–2012)
The Toyota RAV4 was completely
redesigned for the 2006 model year, using
an all-new platform and was first unveiled
at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show. The
new RAV4 uses an Electric Power
Steering (EPS) system.
1
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Toyota Zelas - 2011-2013
1
Other changes included a wider track,
standard wheels, larger brake discs,
faster engine, six speed transmission,
and a performance-tuned electric
power steering system
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Toyota Highlander Hybrid - Second generation (XU40; 2007–2013)
1
Also new is an Electric
Power Steering (EPS)
system
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Nissan Note - Nissan Note, +Plus navi HDD, Note Rider, Note Rider performance spec
(2008-)
1
*exclusive tuned suspension, Bridgestone
Potenza RE-01R 185/55R15 81V tire,
sport muffler by Fujitsubo, naming
emblem, car speed sensing electric power
steering, aluminium pedal
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Toyota Corolla (E170) - North American version
1
For the E170 Corolla model, the transmission
is an electric power steering system offering
improved directness and weight, an electric
rack and pinion system eliminates an
accessory driven hydraulic steering system
reducing parasitic loss. The components of
the tilt, telescopic steering structure help
improve steering rigidity, and reduce
vibration. A more structurally rigid
intermediate shaft increases the direct feel of
steering. Steering measures 3.19 turns total.
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Toyota Corolla (E170) - North American version
1
The S trim offers a SPORT mode with
software tuning that alters shift points
along with unique electric power
steering programming, helps create a
sportier driving sensation during
normal road and freeway driving
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Suzuki Jimny - Development history
| style=background:#ffdead;| New coil
sprung chassis, more aerodynamic front
and new bumpers. engine retained,
except top-rung models which got the
DOHC four-valve 'K6A' engine - officially
also with . K6A versions got standard
electric power steering, lesser models with
PS made do with hydraulic.
1
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Toyota Camry (XV40) - Hybrid
1
In addition to the hybrid powertrain,
the Camry Hybrid employs electric
power steering, brakes, and air
conditioning that are fully operational
once the internal combustion engine
is deactivated
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Saturn Ion - 2003–2004
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For 2004, Saturn also re-calibrated the
electric power steering, as well as
upgraded interior materials, and offered
new sound systems.
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Toyota Vios - Malaysia
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Electric power steering was offered in place of
the hydraulic system in its predecessor
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Toyota Mark X - Mark X Sport Plus
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Standard features on all trim levels include (but
not limited to) 6:4 split retractable rear
seat,http://toyota.jp/markx/002_p_004/interior/
utilities/side/index.html full flat front seat
mechanism, 8 cup holders (doors, center
console, rear sear armrest), driving mode
control switch (Eco Sports Snow), electric power
steering, all the doors one-touch power windows
(protection + engine OFF after operating
functions), vehicle speed-sensitive auto electric
door lock (shock sensing door unlock system)
push button start and Bi-xenon formula
discharge headlamps LED clearance lamps,
front double wishbone suspension and rear
multi-link suspension (5 links), stabilizer anti
roll bars (front-rear),
foot-operated parking
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brake and dual exhaust tail pipe (with diffuser).
Toyota FT-SX - (GGV10/15, 2008–)
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The Venza uses an electric
power steering system.
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Toyota Prius (XW20) - Development
and also adds an electric power
steering system to further minimize
engine belt-driven engine accessories
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BMW Z4 (E85) - Features
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The 6-cylinder engines included all-alloy
construction, double VANOS variable
valve timing and streamlined intake and
exhaust manifolds, throttle by wire. Safety
technology included four-wheel disc
brakes and electronic stability control,
incorporating ABS and traction control.
The electric power steering was speedsensitive, allowing for easier
manoeuvering at low speeds.
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Lada Priora - Equipment
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Base Prioras come with standard driver's side
airbag and electric power steering
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Fiat Punto - Power steering
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The second generation Punto has also
adopted the Dualdrive electric power
steering and came with two operation
modes, using an electric motor, rather
than a hydraulic pump driven by the
engine. This resulted in reduced fuel
consumption and less environmental
impact. It has a fuel economy of urban and - extra urban for the 1.9-L
diesel. The 1.8-L petrol does - urban
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Mitsubishi Pistachio - Specifications
It had a kerb weight, slim 135/80R13 tyres,
electric power steering, lightweight stainless steel
exhaust manifold, lightweight aluminium wheels,
aluminium hood, thin-gauge glass, and an
aluminium
seatback.[http://www.sae.org/automag/globalview_
07-00/03.htm Japanese minis grow up], Jack
Yamaguchi, SAE Automotive Engineering
International, July 2000 Under the hood, it utilized
both gasoline direct injection (GDI) and start-stop
system|Automatic Stop-Go (ASG), a system which
turns off the engine while the vehicle is stationary
and automatically restarts it when the clutch is
depressed
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