Transformational Leadership Approach
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Transcript Transformational Leadership Approach
Transformational
Leadership Approach
AGED 3153
Be gentle and you can be bold; be frugal
and you can be liberal; avoid putting
yourself before others and you can
become a leader among men.
~ Lao Tzu
Overview
Transformational leadership approach perspective
A model of TL
TL factors
Full range of leadership model
Additive effects of TL
Other transformational leadership perspectives
How does the transformational approach work?
Transactional vs. Transforming
Burns
Occurs when one person takes the initiative
in making contact with others for the
purpose of an exchange of valued things
Occurs when one or more persons engage
with others in such a way that leaders and
followers raise one another to higher levels
of motivation and morality
Pseudotransformational
Personalized leadership
Describes leaders who are transforming,
but in negative ways
Leaders who are
self-consumed
Exploitive
Power oriented
Warped moral values
Examples:
Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Jim Jones
Transformational Leadership
Approach Description
“New leadership” paradigm – 1980s
Treats followers as complete human
beings
assessment of motives
satisfying their needs
Moves followers to accomplish beyond
expectations
often incorporates charismatic and visionary
leadership
Transformational Leadership
Approach Description
emotions
values
ethics
standards
long-term goals
Leader plays pivotal role in precipitating
change
Followers and leaders are bound in the
process
Types of Leadership Defined
Burns (1978)
Attempted to link roles of leadership
and followership
Two types of leadership
Transformational
Charisma
Weber - 1947
Charisma
personality characteristic
gives superhuman/
exceptional powers
reserved for a few
is of divine origin
person treated as a
leader
Followers play role in
validating charisma
House - 1976
theory of charismatic
leadership
A special gift select
individuals possess that
gives them the capacity
to do extraordinary
things
Unique personal &
behavioral
characteristics
Model of Transformational Leadership
Bass (1985)
Expanded and refined original version
More attention to followers’ needs
Motivates followers beyond the expected by:
raising consciousness
transcending self-interest
addressing higher-level needs
Incorporates seven factors
Leadership Factors
Transformational
Factor 1
Idealized Influence
Charisma
Factor 2
Inspirational
Motivational
Factor 3
Intellectual
Stimulation
Factor 4
Individualized
Consideration
Transactional
Factor 6
Mgmt. by Exception
Active & Passive
Corrective Transactions
Factor 5
Contingent Reward
Constructive
Transactions
Nonleadership
Factor 7
Laissez-Faire
Nontransactional
Transformational Leadership
Factors
1.
Individualized Influence
Charisma
Describes leaders
Inspirational Motivation
Inspiration
Describes leaders
who act as strong role
models for followers
Leader behaviors:
2.
increase moral/ ethical
conduct standards
Leader behaviors:
use symbols/
emotional appeals to
focus group
“do the right thing”
who communicate high
expectations
provide vision and sense of
mission
enhanced team spirit
Transformational Leadership Factors
3.
Intellectual Stimulation
Describes leaders
Indiv. Consideration
stimulate followers to
be creative/ innovative
Leader behaviors:
4.
challenge beliefs and
values
supports thinking on
own
careful problem solving
Describes leaders
provide a supportive
climate
Leader behaviors:
coaching & advising
assist individuals in
becoming self-actualized
use delegation
Transformational Leaders
Leaders who exhibit TL:
have a strong set of values & ideals
are effective in motivating followers to
support greater good over self-interest
Transactional Leadership
Factors
Management by Exception
involves corrective criticism,
negative feedback,
negative reinforcement
Two forms
watch followers closely
identify mistakes/ rule
violations
intervenes only after
standards have not been
met or problems have
arisen
Contingent Reward
exchange process
Effort by followers is
exchanged for specified
rewards
Nonleadership Factor
Laissez-Faire
The absence of leadership.
hands-off,
let-things-ride approach
Refers to a leader who:
abdicates responsibility
delays decisions
gives no feedback
makes little effort to help followers
satisfy their needs
Full Range of Leadership Model
Effective
II
IM
IS
IC
CR
Passive
MBE
LF
Ineffective
Active
Additive Effect of TL
Transformational Leadership
Individualized
Influence
+ Inspirational
Motivation
+ Intellectual
Stimulation
+ Individualized
Consideration
Transactional
Leadership
Contingent
Reward
+
Management by
Exception
Expected
Outcomes
Performance
Beyond
Expectations
Other Transformational
Perspectives
•
Bennis & Nanus (1985)
Four Leader Transformation Strategies
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clear vision of organization’s future state
• believable future
Social architect of organization
• shape/form shared meetings
Create trust in organization
• make position known and stand by it
Creatively deploy themselves through positive selfregard
• know strengths & weaknesses and emphasizes
strengths
Other Transformational
Perspectives
Kouzes and Posner
Five fundamental practices
Model the way
Inspire a shared vision
Challenge the process
Enable others to act
Encourage the heart
How does the transformational
leadership approach work?
Focus of TL
•
Describes how leaders can initiate,
develop, and carry out significant changes
in organizations
•
Focus of Transformational Leaders
empower and nurture followers
stimulate change by becoming strong role
models for followers
create a vision
act as change agents
are social architects
What are the strengths of
transformational leadership?
What are the weaknesses of
transformational leadership?
How do we apply
transformational leadership?
Summary
Describes how leaders can initiate,
develop, and carry out significant
changes in organizations
Focus of Transformational Leaders
empower and nurture followers
stimulate change by becoming strong role
models for followers
create a vision
act as change agents
are social architects
Summary
Two types of leadership
Transactional
Transformational
Treats followers as complete human
beings
Moves followers to accomplish beyond
expectations
often incorporates charismatic and visionary
leadership
Summary
Motivates followers beyond the
expected by:
raising consciousness
transcending self-interest
addressing higher-level needs