Transcript UCTF day 2011 - Coffee breeding

SELECTION AND PROPAGATION OF 7 ELITE
CWD RESISTANT ROBUSTA COFFEE VARIETIES
P.C. Musoli,
Coffee Research Centre, P.O. Box 185, Mukono
RESEARCH TEAM
Scientists
1. P.C. Musoli
2. J. G. Hakiza
3. J. Mwesigwa
4. P. Wetala
5. P. Aluka
6. P. Kucel
7. I. Sebugenyi
8. A. Nalukenge
9. R. Matovu
10. D. Kyetere
11. J. Ogwang
12. A. Kangire
Technicians
1. S. Olal
2. A. Nabaggala
3. C. Kabole
4. S. Nakendo
5. J. Pande
6. J. Ekwaru
7. N. Edongot
8. G. Ebong
9. D. Musiime
10. S. Okiror
11. L. Chepkurui
Collaborating
Institutes
1. UCDA
2. CABI
3. CIRAD
Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) has been the major constraints of
Robusta coffee production since 1993
COREC started a breeding program in 1997 to develop
Robusta coffee varieties:
• Resistant to CWD
• Resistant to other major coffee diseases
– Leaf rust
– Red blister disease
• High yielding
• Have acceptable market qualities
– Good cup quality
– Good physical bean qualities
1) Evaluated Robusta coffee germplasm for resistance
against CWD through assessment in the field under
natural infection (20 clones studied for 6 years)
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Highly
susceptible
Moderately
susceptible
Moderately
resistant
Resistant
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
06
06
Time in months
ch
ar
-M
66
61
55
49
43
37
31
25
13
7
01
ril
Ap
1-
ch
ar
-M
66
61
55
49
43
37
31
25
13
1
7 il 0
r
Ap
1-
Time in months
% mortality
% mortality
2) Selected 3 clones for multi-location testing en route to
release for cultivation
E/3/2
223/32
1S/2
B/1/1
J/1/1
H/4/1
C/1/7
Q/1/1
257/53
C/6/1
G/3/7
Q/6/1
P/3/6
L/2/7
B/6/2
P/5/1
1S/3
Q/3/4
R/1/4
B/2/1
Quantitative response to CWD by the Robusta coffee clones
Mortality after 66 months
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2) Evaluated Robusta coffee germplasm for resistance against
CWD through screen house assessment after artificial
inoculation of tens of thousands seedlings using root dip
method
Susceptible plants
Survivors
• Planted all CWD resistant individuals (1500) identified
from artificial inoculations into mother gardens at Kituza
(at different times)
Cloned and planted CWD resistant individuals in rows of 6
trees for assessment
Evaluated the CWD resistant clones in on-station
field trials at Kituza:
•Yield
•Quality
•Resistance to other diseases
Leaf rust
Red blister
25 with high potential were planted in multi-location trials at
Ibanda, Nakanyonyi, Kamuli and Mityana
7 best lines were selected and released by the national
variety release committee as new varieties
100 bean
weight
(gm)
%
Retained
by 16/64
CWD
resistan
ce
Resistanc
e to rust
Resistance
to Red
blister
Yield
(kg/cc/
ha)
Source
Variety
Body
Flavour
Identified
through
artificial
inoculatio
n
E.u 20
Fair
Fair-
17.6
83.1
1
1
1
1125*
E. U 14
Fair
Fair+
19.1
87.3
1
1.5
1
1825*
2/22/12
Fair+
Fair+
19.2
95.8
1
1
1
2300*
J1/14/21/1
Fair
Fair+
21.1
95.4
1
1.6
1
2100*
Identifie
d thru
infected
fields
J/1/1
Fair+
Fair++
92.4
1
1.5
1
2940+
Q/3/4
Fair+
Fair+
87.3
2
1
1
2490+
R/1/4
Fair+
Fair+
21.4
79.7
2
1
1
2210+
1s/3
Fair+
Fair+
20.5
80
3
1
1
2130+
23.0
80
5
1
1
2240+
Checks
1s/6
Key
1= no disease ; 2 = 1-25 diseased; 3 = 26-50% diseased; 4 = 51-75% diseased; 5 = 76-100% diseased
* = Yield for only 1 year and was affected by thefts
•+ = average yield for 6 years
Variety Kituza R7 (J1/14/21/1
Released varieties
R/1/4 = Kituza R1
Q/3/4 = Kituza R2
J/1/1 = Kituza R3
E. U 14 = Kituza R4
E.u 20 = Kituza R5
2/22/12 = Kituza R6
J1/14/21/1 = Kituza R7
Propagation of CWD resistant varieties
• The varieties are being maintained in mother gardens and
field plots at Kituza
• The varieties have to be propagated exclusively by
vegetative methods (rooted cuttings and tissue culture) due
to segregation of the CWD resistance
• COREC provide rooted cuttings or tissue culture plant lets
of these varieties to private nursery operators and
government institutions for further multiplication and
distribution to farmers
Beneficiary nursery operators (so far)
OPERATOR
DISTRICT
SUB COUNTY
PARISH
Plants received
Mukono ZARDI
Mukono
Mukono TC
Ntawo
240
Mpimbe L
Masaka
Kibinge
Kiryasaaka
150
Mukiibi B
Masaka
Kkingo
Kiterdde
152
Kalisizo Crop Nursery(KAVA)
Rakai
Kalisizo
Kalisizo
194
Semakula Richard
Luwero
Wobulenzi
Wobulenzi
182
NUCAFE
Mpigi
DAO
Buikwe
Mr. Lubega David
Rakai
Kabira
Bwamijja
145
Kabunanga Investments
Mityana
Busimbi
Katakala
200
Nakanwagi
Mubende
Kaweri
Kaweri
200
R. Buwamatsiko
Mubende
Kigando
Kigando
240
Job Coffee
Nakaseke
313
Senoga Kennedy
Mityana
145
Dr. Tumwine J
Kamwenge
149
Mountain view farm
Bushenyi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
25
200
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
25
Work Still In Progress
• Assessment of varieties in the existing multi-location
trials (Mityana, Nakanyonyi, Kamuli and Mukono Ibanda)
for resistance against leaf rust, and red blister; quality
and yield is till still in progress
• Over 1,000 lines have still not yet been evaluated in the
on-station trial at Kituza
varieties
1
2/22/3
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Assessment scale
Cut of level
General Appearance
1-4
= or > 3
3.0
3.1
3.8
3.1
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.0
3.1
Yield Potential
1-4
= or > 3
2.9
3.0
3.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.6
3.0
2.9
3.0
Cherry Size
1-4
= or > 2
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.3
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.6
2.7
Suckering Ability
1-4
= or > 2
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.0
2.7
2.1
Red Blister
1-4
= or < 2
1.9
2.1
2.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.4
Coffee Leaf Rust
1-4
= or < 2
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.9
1.9
% moisture
%
11-13%
14.3
13.2
12.0
13.5
15.8
12.6
14.7
13.1
14.2
13.5
14.4
% wt retained by screen 18
%
50.9
18.2
30.7
21.1
12.8
8.9
10.3
20.0
27.5
12.8
3.4
% wt retained by screen 15
%
97.9
92.3
91.4
92.9
94.9
87.6
81.0
83.9
92.5
90.3
79.4
80%
E.U/11
3
227/54/2
14/50/1
202/63/2
J24/13/20/1 J72.01/10/1 J24/13/22/1 3/71/1
J24/13/59/9 UFCT3
density
Not considered
4.2
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.9
10.0
5.4
3.9
4.6
4.9
Fragrance
Not considered
3.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
3.0
1.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Body
1-10
= or > 5
6.5
6.5
7.5
6.0
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
5.5
5.5
5.0
Flavour
1-10
= or > 5
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.8
7.5
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.5
5.0
Acidity
1-10
Not considered
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Roast
Not considered
Taste (AT)
Not considered
Dull
Dull
2
Visual apperance
Poor (1)
Fair (2)
Good (3)
Very good (4)
Yield potential
Low
Medium
Good
High
Cherry size
Small
medium
Big
Very big
Incidence of Red blister
None
minor
medium
high
Incdence of leaf rust
None
Minor
Medium
high
Suckering ability
Poor
Medium
Good
high
Dull
2
Dull
3
Dull
1.5
Dull
3
Dull
2
Dull
2.5
Ordinary
1
Ordinary
1
Dull
2.5
11 newly selected lines are
being propagated for planting in
multi-location trials
1
Challenges
• Coping with:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
limited mother bushes of the elite varieties
bureaucratic Government procurement procedures
Escalating research cost
escalating demand for emerging research areas-Twig borer
Increasing demand on Arabica research
Salaries of project staff
inconsistent stakeholder support/commitment to coffee research
• Upgrading dilapidated facilities for multiplying elite
varieties
Way forward
• Commitment and Consistent support from the
stakeholder
• Increased private sector participation in technology
development and dissemination
Acknowledgement
• CTF for opportunity
• All scientist involved
•
•
•
•
COREC
UCDA
CIRAD
CABI
• Uganda Government
• Farmers’ support through UCDA
• Development partners
• EU
• CFC/ICO
• USAID
THANK YOU