Transcript (PV) Systems - National Electrical Contractors Association

Distributed Generation and
Photovoltaic Systems
Technology Overview, Market Opportunities,
And Certification
Todd Stafford
National Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee
for the Electrical Industry
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Market Drivers for Renewable Energy and
Distributed Generation
 Increasing costs and dependence on
imported energy from unfriendly countries
 Environmental impacts from fossil fuel use –
pollution and global warming
 Electric utility restructuring and deregulation
 Net metering and interconnection rules
 Legislative mandates for new generation –
renewable portfolio standards (RPS)
 Utility surcharges and public benefit funds
 Federal, state and other incentives –
rebates, tax credits, production incentives
and tradable renewable energy credits
(RECs)
 Financing, power purchase agreements
(PPAs) and energy services contracts
 Increasing public awareness and interest
2
Hydropower and other Renewable
Electricity Generation 1990-2011
3
Nonhydropower expected growth
2010-2035
4
Conventional Central Power Generation
 Conventional thermal power plants convert only 30-40% of the
energy content in the fuel source to electrical energy, with the
remainder wasted as heat.
 Most power plants are located remote from population centers and
thermal energy users, resulting in this excess heat going unutilized.
CO2 + Pollution
Waste Heat
67%
33%
Fuel
100%
Power
Electricity
Plant
(Remote from thermal users)
5
Distributed Generation:
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 When smaller, distributed power generation is located closer to end
users and thermal loads, waste heat can be recovered and utilized.
 While many CHP technologies rely on fossil fuels, their value lies in
utilizing the fuel more efficiently and providing power where and
when it is needed.
CO2 + Pollution
Waste Heat
10%
Electricity
Fuel
100%
CHP Plants
90%
Steam
Chilled
Water
(located close to thermal users)
6
Distributed Electrical Energy System
Central Generating
Station
Step-Up
Transformer
Wind Farm
Small
Hydro
Distribution
Substation
Gas
Turbine
Receiving
Station
Distribution
Substation
Recip
Engine
Distribution
Substation
Microturbine
Photo
voltaics
Batteries
Recip
Engine
Commercial
Fuel
cell
Cogeneration
Flywheel
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
7
The Emerging Energy Supply Picture
8
U.S. Annual Average Wind Speed
9
Lower 48 Shale Gas
10
U.S. shale gas production increased 14fold over the last decade; reserves
tripled over the last few years
annual shale gas production
trillion cubic feet per year
5.0
Eagle Ford (TX)
Marcellus (PA and other Eastern states)
Haynesville (LA and TX)
Woodford (OK)
Fayetteville (AR)
Barnett (TX)
Antrim (MI, IN, and OH)
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2000
11
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Richard Newell, December 16, 2010
Source: Lippman Consulting (2010 estimated)
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Solar Energy Technologies
 Active Solar Energy System Classifications:
1. Solar-Thermal Systems that heat fluids for domestic hot water,
pools or space conditioning
2. Solar-Electric, or Photovoltaic (PV) Systems that generate
electricity to supply dedicated loads or interface with other electrical
systems
3. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems that focus sunlight onto
receivers to heat a working fluid, which fuels a heat engine cycle to
produce mechanical shaft power and drive a generator; typically for
large-scale power generation
 Most solar energy systems are a field-assembly of electrical
components and hardware subjected to building codes and
construction practices, and should be installed by properly trained,
qualified journeypersons and licensed contractors
13
Worldwide PV Markets are Booming!
Source: www.solarbuzz.com
14
Show Me the Money
 United States Deal Tracker:
http://www.solarbuzz.com/re
ports/united-states-dealtracker.
 Upcoming projects needing
partners or suppliers
(including planned with and
without RFPs)
 Recent projects for potential
follow-up business
Source: www.solarbuzz.com
15
Solar creates jobs: Every second of the work day, more
than two solar panels are installed by a solar worker on
American soil. Today, solar employs 119,000 workers in the
U.S.
Solar powers homes: There is now more than 7.7
gigawatts of cumulative solar electric capacity installed in
the U.S., enough to power more than 1.2 million American
households.
Solar drives our economy: In 2012, new U.S. solar
installations were valued at $11.5 billion – more than double
the $5.5 billion value of installations in 2010.
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Large Scale PV
17
The Emerging Energy Supply Picture
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Electrical Energy Storage Applications
 Power Quality
 Demand is seconds or less
 Bridging Power
 Demand is seconds to minutes when switching
sources of supply.
 Energy Management
 Demand is hours or days, for load leveling, peak
shaving and back-up power.
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Electrical Energy Storage
Source: www.vrbpower.com
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Database of State Incentives for
Renewable Energy (DSIRE)
 National resource for PV
project developers:
 www.dsireusa.org
 Includes financial incentives,
grants, rules, regulations and
policies for renewable
energy and energy efficiency
 Also see SEIA Guide to
Federal Tax Incentives for
Solar Energy:
 www.seia.org
www.dsireusa.org
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Business Model- Then and Now
Past: Single source for all elements
of a PV Installation- marketing, site
assessments, design ordering, and
permitting.
Present: Multiple sources for
installation, designing,
marketing, etc.
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PV Project Development









Customer marketing and sale
Site survey
Pursue financing and incentives
System design
Equipment specification and procurement
Plan review, permitting and inspection
Interconnection application and approval
Contracting, installation and commissioning
Operations, maintenance and performance
monitoring
23
PV Industry Stakeholders
Sales & Marketing
Distributors &
Suppliers
Installers & Contractors
PV Module & Component
Manufacturers
Building Officials & Inspectors
Electric Utilities
Regulators & Legislators
Consumers & Operators
Financiers & Investors
Training &
Educational Institutions
Architect &
Engineering Firms
System Integrators
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Certification Models:
Covers all areas of a PV Installation, even those
in which a Journeyman may never be exposed.
Often referred to as “performance” oriented.
Target Audience
Qualified electricians
Journeymen / apprentices
Electrical contractors
Builders / inspectors
Authorities Having Jurisdiction
(AHJs)
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Product Standards, Installation and
Code Enforcement
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UL PV Installer Certification
 Construct a PV array
 Install DC wiring and equipment as it pertains to a PV
installation
 Install AC wiring and equipment as it pertains to a PV
installation
 Complete a PV system installation project
 Commission the PV system and close-out the project
 Comprehend and use common solar energy and PV
system terms and concepts
27
Task Analysis for PV System Installers
Working Safely with PV Systems
?
✔
Conducting a Site Assessment
Selecting a System Design
Adapting the Mechanical Design
✔
Adapting the Electrical Design
✔
Installing Components and Subsystems
✔
Performing System Checkout and Inspection
?
✔
Maintaining and Troubleshooting Systems
✔
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Examination Structure:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mobilize PV Installation
Physical construction of PV Array
Install DC Wiring and Equipment
Install AC Wiring and Equipment
Complete PV System Construction
Perform System Commissioning and Close out
Solar Energy and Solar System Basics
Safety and OSHA
Professionalism
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5%
15%
22%
22%
10%
10%
5%
10%
1%
UL PV Certification
 Guidelines available on the NJATC Website:
Certifications.
“The administration Guidelines defined in this manual
are intended to provide information for an NJATC
affiliated facility to offer the Photovoltaic Installation
certification credential as implemented by the NJATC
and UL. The following guidelines optimize the quality
and the effectiveness of the Photovoltaic Installation
Certification program by providing a reference guide
path for facilities to train Journeymen and
Apprentices, and to offer and host the exams.”
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UL PV Certification
 1.5 Exam Fees
 1.5.1 Exam Hosting Fees (10%)
 1.5.2 Exam Proctor Fees ($0.00)
 1.5.2 Individual Fees, sliding scale- (local
determination).
•
•
•
•
•
1-10 Journeymen = $300.00 per exam.
11-30 Journeymen = $240 per exam.
31-50 Journeymen = $ 210.00 per exam
>50 Journeymen = $180.00 per exam
Apprentice = $150.00 per exam
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IBEW/ Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
 Local JATC to implement the training:
 For Apprentices and Journeymen
 Exam is to be offered at the JATC
 Certification is to be awarded
 Information via NJATC publications:
 Training may be condensed.
Photos by author
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Seize the Opportunity
 PV and other distributed power system
installations are predominately electrical
work.
 Markets are moving from the grassroots to
the mainstream building trades.
 Unqualified installers, substandard and
unsafe installations are perhaps the biggest
threats.
 Training is key.
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How to Become Involved
 Participate in local training and workforce
development initiatives
 Support interconnection, licensing and
inspection standards
 Develop industry partnerships
 Subscribe to trade journals; attend
conferences
 Know what local incentives are available and
the process to apply
 Direct market to existing customers
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Contact Information
 Todd Stafford, NJATC Senior Director
 [email protected]
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