Transcript GG104_KahuaAo_OutreachPres_Dec2013_IEKS

Hawaiian Perspectives:
Geology Through a Cultural Lens
Presented by:
Kapōmaikai Stone, Iāsona Ellinwood, & Lindsey Spencer
Kahua Aʻo: A Learning Foundation
Ka Moʻolelo O Hiʻiakaikapoliopele
The Epic Tale of Hiʻiakaikapoliopele
 The story of Pele and her family as
they travel down the Hawaiian
chain
 Associated with rejuvenation stage
volcanism
 Various sites scattered throughout
the islands
 Particularly Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, and
Oʻahu
(Awaiaulu.org)
Ka Mo‘olelo o Hi‘iakaikapoliopele, by Ho‘oulumāhiehie, pg. 2-3
From Ka Na'i Aupuni, 2 June and 4 June, 1906.
I ka ha‘alele ‘ana aku o Pele a me kona
po‘e a pau iā Tahiti, ua hō‘ea maila lākou i
ka mokupuni ‘o Ka‘ula...Ha‘alele ihola ‘o
Pele mā iā Ka‘ula, ne‘e maila i Ni‘ihau, a
no ka loa‘a ‘ole o kahi kūpono o nei
mokupuni e hiki ai i ua mō‘ī wahine nei o
ke ahi a me kona ‘ohana ke noho iho, ua
pae loa maila lākou no ka mokupuni ‘o
Kaua‘i…I ka hiki ‘ana o Pele mā i Kaua‘i,
ua lehulehu loa nā wahi a Pele i ho‘ā‘o ai e
‘eli i wahi nona a me kona po‘e e noho ai
ma ia mokupuni, a ‘o Kīlauea kahi hope
loa āna i kā ai, a no ka pāpa‘u, ha‘alele nō
‘o ia a me kona po‘e i ia mokupuni, a ‘au
maila i ke kai ‘o Ka‘ie‘iewaho, a hō‘ea ana i
O‘ahu nei... hele ka‘apuni a‘ela ma nā wahi
lehulehu o ka mokupuni ‘o O‘ahu nei e
‘imi ai i wahi no lākou e noho ai, eia na‘e,
‘a‘ohe loa‘a.
When Pele and all of her people left Tahiti,
they came to the island of Ka‘ula...Pele and
company departed Ka‘ula, moving on to
Ni‘ihau, but because no appropriate place
could be found where the queen of fire
and her family could reside, they went on
to land on the island of Kaua‘i…When Pele
and company arrived on Kaua‘i, she
attempted in many places to carve out an
area for her and her people to dwell on
that island, Kīlauea being the last place
that she tried. Because it was shallow
there, she and her followers left that
island and sailed through the Ka‘ie‘iewaho
Channel until reaching O‘ahu…She
journeyed all around O‘ahu, visiting many
places in search of a site for their home,
but nothing could be found.
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Āliapaʻakai
 Pele’s first stop on the island of Oʻahu
 Arrived from Kauaʻi with her sister, Hiʻiaka
 Brought salt and red dirt with them
 Both dug in the ground to make a new home
 Discovered that it was too shallow, and encountered
sea water
Ka Mo‘olelo o Hi‘iakaikapoliopele, by Ho‘oulumāhiehie, pg. 2-3
From Ka Na'i Aupuni, 2 June and 4 June, 1906.
Ua ‘eli ‘o Pele iā Āliapa‘akai ma
Moanalua a‘e nei, a loa‘a ‘ē nō ke
kai, ha‘alele i ia wahi. Pēlā nō iā
luna o Pūowaina, Lae‘ahi, a me
kekahi mau wahi ‘ē a‘e o O‘ahu nei;
a no ka pāpa‘u o ia mau wahi, loa‘a
‘ē nō ke kai, no laila, ha‘alele lākou
iā O‘ahu nei, a ne‘e akula i Moloka‘i;
mai laila aku, hō‘ea i Kaho‘olawe.
Pele dug the crater of Āliapa‘akai at
Moanalua, but soon reached sea water and
left there. She also dug atop Pūowaina,
Lae‘ahi, and some other sites here on O‘ahu,
and because the earth was shallow in those
places, sea water was again soon
encountered, so they departed from O‘ahu
and proceeded on to Moloka‘i. From there
they moved on, arriving at Kaho‘olawe.
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Āliapaʻakai
(ArcGIS Online)
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Lēʻahi (Diamond Head)
 Pele resided here for a short time with her sister, Hiʻiaka
 The “brow of the ahi”
 Dug again in search of fire
 Encountered water once again, and her fire was drowned by
the water below
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Lēʻahi (Diamond Head)
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Kohelepelepe (Koko Crater)
 “traveling vagina”
 A rejuvenation vent, but more well-known for
another Pele story
 Goddess Kapo exposed herself to save her sister, Pele
 Kamapuaʻa was in pursuit of Pele while on Oʻahu
 Kapo’s diversion worked
 Pele successfully escaped
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
(Hanauma Bay Education Program)
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Pele’s Chair
 Sometimes referred to as Pele’s Throne
 Associated as the last place that Pele resided on
Oʻahu
 After western contact
 Considered by missionaries to be a pagan symbol
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
Pele’s Chair
Does the story fit?
Honolulu Volcanic Series
(Drawing by S. Rowland, adapted from Macdonald et al., 1983)
Does the story fit?
Honolulu Volcanic Series
 Ages of vents from our
story (right)
 Also…
Kaimukī
Puowaina
 Every place that Pele
dug, she encountered
water
Hydromagmatic
eruptions
(Ozawa et al., 2005)
Koko rift
Does the story fit?
YES!
Research Connections
Donald Swanson (HVO)
 Hawaiian oral tradition
describes 400 years of
volcanic activity at
Kīlauea (2008)
The Hawaiian Perspective
“This traditional history presented the world in
such a way that values, meaning, and morality
were of greater importance than, or at least
equal to, the physical events being chronicled.”
- Van James (Ancient Sites of Oʻahu)
Nūpepa ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
Hawaiian Language Newspapers
 Printed during 1834 – 1948
 100 different newspapers
 125,000 pages printed
 Articles were reader-submitted
 Today:
 75,000 searchable online
 Available at nupepa.org and papakilodatabase.com
Rise of Literacy in
Hawaiʻi
 1820: Arrival of American missionaries
 1822: First printing in Hawaiian
 1825: King Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III declares,
“ʻO koʻu aupuni, he aupuni palapala koʻu”
 1834: First Hawaiian language newspaper
 1839: Hawaiian Bible published
Literacy Rate in 1861
 From the writings of missionary Laura Fish Judd:
“The proportion is estimated as greater than in
any other country in the world, except Scotland
and New England”
Missionary Press
Independent Press
Current Research & Awareness
Papakū Makawalu
 Describes the Hawaiian worldview of the foundations
of life
 Categorizes all systems of life within the universe
 3 houses of knowledge
 Papahulilani – the heavens
 Papahulihonua – the earth
 Papahānaumoku – everything that gives life
Current Research & Awareness
Kahua Aʻo: A Learning Foundation
 Using Hawaiian Language Newspaper Articles for Place
and Culture-based Geoscience Teacher Education and
Curriculum Development
 Website: manoa.hawaii.edu/kahuaao
 Lessons that discuss Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism
 Hawaiian Volcanoes and Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: No
Nā Lua Pele
 Geology and Meteorology of Hanauma Bay: He Huakaʻi I
Hanauma
References
(2013). Geology. Kahua Aʻo: A Learning Foundation. Retrieved November 25, 2013,
from http://manoa.hawaii.edu/kahuaao/geology.html.
(2013). Papaku Makawalu. Edith Kanakaʻole Foundation. Retrieved November 25,
2013, from http://www.edithkanakaolefoundation.org/current-projects/papakumakawalu/.
Becket, J. & Singer, J. (1999). Pana Oʻahu. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: University of Hawaiʻi
Press.
James, V. (1991). Ancient Sites of Oʻahu. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bishop Museum Press.
Ka Moʻolelo O Hiʻiakaikapoliopele. Awaiaulu. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Ozawa et al. (2005) Unspiked K–Ar dating of the Honolulu rejuvenated and Koʻolau
shield volcanism on Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 232, pp. 111.
Place Names Map. Place Names of Hanauma. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Sterling, E. P. and Summers, C. C. (2008). Sites of Oahu. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bishop
Museum Press.
Questions?