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Computer System
Hardware
Motherboard Components
Computer Engineering Level 1
Objective 101.02
Copyright ExplorNet™
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Form Factors
Memory and Bus Slots
Course Weight: 4%*
*4% of the A+ exam questions come from this section; however, more than 4% of
class time may be spent covering this most fundamental objective.
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard
components, types and
features
Essential Question:
What are the
differences in the
various types of PC
motherboards?
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
In this objective, we will learn:
How to classify power supplies types
and characteristics.
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
Form Factors
•ATX/BTX
•Micro ATX
•NLX
A photo of a
microATX
motherboard with
an AMD Athlon
2.10 Ghz
processor in a
Socket 462 slot. It
has a VIA VT8235
Chipset. It has
bad capacitors.
microATX
Motherboards
Now let’s look at some pictures of
motherboards.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computerhardware-pictures.htm
Activities
Open the following documents
Worksheet – Motherboard Form Factors
Handout – Motherboard Form Factors
Activities
Now Open the following documents
Activity 1 – Motherboard Form Factors under
Objective 101.02
Activities
Then let’s work on vocabulary.
Look up the terms
Email to me when complete.
Things on the
MotherBoard
Objective 101.02
MotherBoard
Interfaces – another word for connects
Everything inside and outside of a computer
interfaces with the MB.
The Circuitry makes up the main circuit board
including all the chips and lots installed on the
board.
Solder – how the permanent individual pieces
connect to the MB.
MotherBoard
Motherboard components – the pieces
soldered to the MB
Traces – what connects each soldered piece to
one another.
Busses – traces work together to make up
groups of electronic circuits between
components.
Bus architectures – carry data throughout the
system (Ex AGP, PCI, PCIe, etc)
MotherBoard Components
CPU Sockets
Integrated – physically part of the MB
CPUs must be matched by shape and voltage
Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) sockets
Designed with a lever for ease of installation
Three types
Slot
Pin grid array (PGA)
Land grid array (LGR)
MotherBoard Components
Pin grid
array
(PGA)
Slot
Land grid array
(LGR)
MotherBoard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
Memory Slots
•RIMM
•SIMM
•SODIMM
•DIMM
DIMM
DIMM - Dual inline memory module – RAM
modules. (memory)
SIMM – single inline memory module – no
longer produced.
Hard Drive, Optical Drive, and Floppy
Drive Controllers
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
PATA
• IDE
• EIDE
SATA, eSATA
PATA
Parallel Advanced Technology
Attachment (PATA) is an IDE (Integrated
Drive Electronics) standard for connecting
storage devices like hard drives and optical
drives to the motherboard.
PATA generally refers to the types of cables
and connections that follow this standard.
PATA (continued)
PATA cables are long, flat cables with 40pin connectors (in a 20x2 matrix) on either
side of the cable. One end plugs into a port
on the motherboard,
usually labeled IDE, and
the other into the back of a
storage device like a hard
drive.
PATA (continued)
PATA cables come in 40-wire or 80-wire designs.
Most modern storage devices require the use of
the more capable 80-wire PATA cable to meet
certain speed requirements.
Both types of PATA cables have 40-pins
The connectors on an 80-wire PATA cable will be
black, gray and blue while the connectors on a 40wire cable will only be black.
EIDE
EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics)
A new version of IDE which is 3-4 times faster
than the older version
Sometimes called Fast ATA or Fast IDE
Supports speeds up to 8.4 gb
Has replaced some SCSI due to lower cost
SATA
Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment
reduced cable-bulk and
cost
hot swapping
faster data transfer
eSATA
Up to 6 times faster
than USB 2.0 or 1394
Robust and userfriendly external
connection
High performance, costeffective expansion
storage
Up to 2 meter shielded
cables and connectors
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features..
I/O interfaces
•Sound & Video
•USB 1.1 & 2.0
•Serial & Parallel
•IEEE 1394 / Firewire
•NIC & Modem
•PS/2
Expansion Slots
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
Bus Slots
•
•
•
•
•
•
PCI
AGP
PCIe
AMR
CNR
PCMCIA
PCI Slots
Peripheral Component
Interconnect
32-Bit PCI boards can be
used in 64-bit slots.
Standard PCI is 32 bit
and operates at 33 MHz
AGP Slot
Accelerated Graphics
Port
a high-speed point-topoint channel for
attaching a video card
primarily to assist in the
acceleration of 3D
computer graphics.
Since 2004, AGP has
been slowly phased out
in favor of PCI Express
PCIe
PCIe
Speeds up the data
flow.
Uses serial technology
which links data lines in
series. This enables data
to travel along different
pathways depending on
where the signal
coming in from.
AMR
Audio/Modem Riser is a
specification developed
by Intel
Analog I/O audio
functions of modem
which converts back and
forth from analog to
digital
The small board is called a
riser because it rises
above the motherboard
rather than laying flatly
on it
CNR
Communications and
Network Riser
The CNR slot is located
on the side of the
motherboard, near the
last PCI slot.
PCMCIA
Personal Computer
Memory Card
International
Association
Used in laptops
Activities
Now Open the following documents
Worksheet – Motherboard Components under
Objective 101.02
You will need to use the Motherboard
Components handout.
Chipsets
Integrated Circuits (IC)
Northbridge IC Chip Set
controls high speed communication
between
CPU and RAM
AGP and PCIe expansion devices
Chipsets
Integrated Circuit
Southbridge IC Chip Set
controls communication
Floppy drives,
hard drives
Optical drives
Parallel, serial, keyboard and mouse ports
CMOS
Activities
Now Open the following documents:
Worksheet – Chipsets under Objective 101.02
You will need to use the Chipsets handout
Activities
Now open and work on the following
activity:
Motherboard ID Exercise #1
Activities
Now open and work on the following
activity:
Motherboard ID Exercise #2
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
BIOS / CMOS / Firmware
• POST
• CMOS battery
Activities
Now open and work on the following
activity:
Backplane ID Exercise
Motherboard Components
Objective 101.02
Explain motherboard components, types and features.
Processor Sockets
Bus Architecture
Contrast RAID (levels 0, 1, 5)
Chipsets
Riser Card / Daughterboard