Transcript Unit 1 Review

Unit 1 Review
2013-14
Laws/Treaties/Protocols
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Clean Air Acts
Kyoto Protocol
Endangered Species Act
National Environmental Policy Act
Stockholm Declaration
If the ice cap at the North Pole continues
to shrink, which of the following is NOT a
likely outcome?
A. Polar bears could decline or become
extinct.
B. Seal populations would likely increase.
C. Indigenous people would lose a food
source.
D. Arctic fox populations would be
negatively affected.
E. Penguin populations would increase.
Which of the following molecules is
NOT considered a greenhouse gas?
A. Chlorofluorocarbon
B. Methane
C. Ozone
D. Nitrogen
E. Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following
greenhouse gases does NOT
exist naturally?
A. Chlorofluorocarbons
B. Ozone
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Methane
E. Nitrous oxide
A greenhouse gas that results from
natural anaerobic processes
(decomposition) typically associated
with saturated soil conditions found in
wetlands would be:
A. nitrogen gas
B. methane
C. hydrogen sulfide
D. ozone
E. chlorofluorocarbon
Global dimming is a phenomenon whereby
incoming solar energy is reflected back into
space prior to hitting the Earth’s surface. A
non-anthropogenic source of this dimming
could be from:
A. soot from coal fired power plants
B. heightened volcanic ash in the atmosphere
C. decreased reflectivity of snow and ice from
particulates
D. forests burned for conversion to agriculture
E. methane emission from livestock
Which of the following nations is
responsible for the most carbon
emissions on an annual basis?
A. China
B. Russia
C. India
D. Germany
E. United States
An approach to combating global
warming by removing alreadyemitted greenhouse gas is termed:
A. thermal stratification
B. carbon disassociation
C. carbon sequestration
D. cogeneration
E. methanogenesis
Soils contain a large amount of stored
carbon. The current and expected increase
in temperature is likely to stimulate a
positive feedback mechanism driven by
A. loss of groundwater recharge
B. increased plant growth
C. soil salinization
D. heightened soil erosion
E. increased activity of decomposers
An indirect anthropogenic release of
methane is manifested by:
A. increased wind farm activity in the
northern latitudes
B. melting of arctic permafrost
C. reduced tropical deforestation
D. greater concentration of
atmospheric soot
E. decreased termite activity
In which of the following years did
temperatures increase in the northern
hemisphere, but decrease in the
southern hemisphere?
A. 1930
B. 1900
C. 2000
D. 1990
E. 1960
In the last 10 years, there has been a clear
differentiation between northern and southern
temperature increases. For the most recent
data shown on the graph, the northern
hemisphere increase is what percent of the
southern temperature increase?
A. 130%
B. 100%
C. 60%
D. 75%
E. 230%
Which of the following natural
disasters in the United States can be at
least partly attributed to global
warming?
A. hurricane Katrina
B. Love Canal
C. Exxon Valdez Oil spill
D. Eruption of Mount St. Helens
E. Gulf Oil spill
In some cases, increased global temperatures
have caused an extension in growing seasons and
thus annual primary productivity. Which of the
following would be most likely to cause this
trend to cease?
A. greater supply of genetically modified
organisms
B. higher amounts of grazing by herbivores
C. build up of soil organic matter driven by
decomposition
D. increased crop yield by humans
E. loss of soil moisture because of heightened
evaporation and lower regional precipitation
Between 400,000 and 10,000 years ago,
the highest CO2 concentration was
approximately
A. 290 ppm
D. 380 ppm
B. 180 ppm
E. 320 ppm
C. 200 ppm
The difference between the present
observed carbon dioxide concentration and
the concentration 400,000 years ago is
closest to:
A. 35 ppm
D. 120 ppm
B. 90 ppm
E. 60 ppm
C. 20 ppm
What is the approximate percent increase
between carbon dioxide levels 150,000 years
ago and carbon dioxide levels in 2010?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 25%
D. 50%
E. 150%
Over the last million years, glacial periods lasting
about ____ years have alternated with
interglacial periods lasting about ____.
A. 10,000 . . . 1,000 D. 10,000 . . . 100,000
B. 1,000 . . . 100,000
E. 10,000 . . . 10,000
C. 1,000 . . . 10,000
An organismal level effect that is partially the
result of global warming may be seen in the
disassociation of types of algae from their
symbiotic hosts. This process is known as:
A. commensalistic separation
B. sequential hermaphroditism
C. parasitoid evacuation
D. coral bleaching
E. mutualistic exclusion
Which of the following would NOT be considered
an economic hardship associated with global
warming?
A. increased coastal flooding from rising seas
B. reduced seasonal availability of ski tourism
C. incorporating true cost pricing on product
sales, particularly vehicles
D. increased investment in renewable energy
sources
E. loss of annual crop yield due to less water
availability
An attempt at global collaboration in
curbing greenhouse gas emissions was
demonstrated by the:
A. Clean Air Act
B. Montreal Protocol
C. Natural Resource Defense Council
D. Kyoto protocol
E. Environmental Protection Agency
Ignoring CO2 emissions
caused by fossil fuel use,
which would be the best
practice to reduce
anthropogenic greenhouse gases?
A. institute policies that reduce deforestation
worldwide
B. eliminate the use of ozone-depleting chemicals
C. convert wetlands into agricultural land
D. increase the use of nitrogen based fertilizer
E. subsidize logging in the Pacific Northwest
Which of the following would provide the most
ecologically sound approach to sequestering carbon
that has already been emitted into the atmosphere?
A. applying nitrates to oceans to stimulate algal
growth and thus photosynthetic activity
B. allowing agricultural fields to become pasture or
forest
C. converting methane-emitting wetlands into
agricultural land
D. interrupting bacterial respiration to reduce carbon
output
E. introducing termite bio-controls to reduce the
production of methane
Which of the following
processes would likely
contribute the most to the
greenhouse effect?
A. raising of livestock
B. ignoring the Montreal protocol
C. supporting slash and burn agriculture
D. usage of hydrocarbon fuel for energy
E. stimulating microbial digestion of organic
matter
What is the only developed
country that has NOT ratified the
Kyoto Protocol?
A. United States
B. France
C. Russia
D. Japan
E. France
The major greenhouse gases
include all of the following
EXCEPT
A. water vapor.
B. methane.
C. sulfur dioxide.
D. carbon dioxide.
E. nitrous oxide.
Which of the following statements about the greenhouse
effect is FALSE?
A. The amount of heat trapped in the troposphere
depends on concentrations of greenhouse gases.
B. The greenhouse effect is a new theory that explains the
warming of the atmosphere.
C. The two predominant greenhouse gases are water
vapor and carbon dioxide.
D. It has been confirmed by numerous lab experiments
and measurements of atmospheric temperatures at
different altitudes.
E. Heat trapped by greenhouse gases keeps the planet
warm enough for life.
The greatest UNcertainty in current
climate models comes from
A. patterns of variation in solar
radiation.
B. measurements of air pressure.
C. measurements of air temperature.
D. measurements of wind speed and
direction.
E. effects of clouds and ecosphere on
climate.
Almost half of the excess carbon dioxide
released into the atmosphere by human
activities
A. is absorbed by the soil.
B. remains in the atmosphere.
C. is absorbed by the oceans.
D. is absorbed by the growth of plants.
E. remains in sea shells
In the event of global warming, food
production might be negatively affected
by all of the following EXCEPT
A. lack of irrigation water in some areas.
B. changes in crop yields.
C. increased insect populations.
D. poorer soil in new crop-growing
regions.
E. decreased UV radiation resulting from
increased ozone.
A rise in sea level is LEAST likely to
A. disrupt coastal fisheries.
B. flood areas where one-third of the
world's human population lives.
C. contaminate coastal aquifers.
D. accelerate coastal erosion.
E. save the coral reefs.
Which of the following statements about the
potential effects of global warming on
human health is FALSE?
A. Food and freshwater supplies are likely to
be disrupted.
B. Increased respiratory disease.
C. Sanitation systems in coastal cities may
be flooded.
D. People are likely to be displaced.
E. Insect-borne diseases are likely to
decrease in today's temperate zones.
All of the following are examples of
reducing carbon dioxide levels in the
troposphere through carbon
sequestration EXCEPT
A. injecting it into the deep ocean.
B. bringing more cropland into
production.
C. planting more trees.
D. pumping it deep underground.
E. growing more switchgrass.
The most powerful thing that
decision makers do is
A. compromise.
B. inform the public.
C. establish policies.
D. enact laws.
E. develop and adopt a budget.
__ laws are those developed and
passed by legislative bodies such
as federal and state governments.
A. Corporate
B. Administrative
C. Common
D. Legislative
E. Statutory
Most federal public land is
located
A. in National Parks.
B. in Alaska.
C. in the Northeast United States.
D. in the Western United States.
E. in California.
All of the following are economic
goods EXCEPT
A. a walk in the woods.
B. a swing set.
C. clothes.
D. computer repair service.
E. food.
Which of the following is NOT considered a
fundamental but correctable weakness in a
capitalistic market system? Failure to
A. properly value nature's ecological services.
B. make widespread use of indicators that
monitor environmental health and quality.
C. respect estimated sustainable-yield
thresholds of natural systems.
D. obey the law of supply and demand.
E. include the harmful environmental costs of
goods and services in market prices
The optimum level of pollution control is reached
when
A. when technologies become affordable to clean
up pollution
B. when demand for pollution clean-up exceeds
the capacity to clean pollution
C. the marginal cost of pollution control intersects
with the marginal cost of pollution
D. marginal costs of pollution control begins to
exceed the marginal cost of pollution
E. marginal costs of pollution begins to exceed the
marginal costs of pollution control
Which of the following is NOT an
external cost of driving a domestic
car?
A. cost of manufacture
B. destruction of land
C. pollution
D. highway deaths
E. highway accidents
Which is NOT a branch of the
U. S. government?
A. executive
B. judicial
C. legislative
D. long-range planning board
E. administrative
All of the following would be considered
examples of nonprofit, nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) EXCEPT
A. the National Science Teachers
Association.
B. the Nature Conservancy.
C. the AFL-CIO.
D. Texaco.
E. the National Wildlife Federation.