Viktor Lowenfeld & Mary Ann Stankiewicz

Jessica Gaston

Viktor Lowenfeld

 Biographical information  Born in Linz, Austria in 1903, died at age 57 in 1960  Graduated from Kunstgewerbeschule in 1925, Vienna Academy of Fine Art in 1926, and Vienna University in 1928

Viktor Lowenfeld

 1926-1938: Taught at Hohe Warte Institution for the Blind  Left Austria in 1938 because of German invasion. Moved to United States.

 Started art department at Hampton Institute  Started art education department at Penn State

Viktor Lowenfeld

 1947 – Published

Creative and Mental Growth

 “Free expression as necessary to the healthy growth and development of the child.” (Efland, 235)  Provided “psychologically compatible art activities” (Efland, 235).

Viktor Lowenfeld

 1947 – Published

Creative and Mental Growth

 Described stages of growth in understandable terms:  Scribble Stage (2-4 years)  Preschematic (4-6 years)  Schematic (7-9 years)  Dawning Realism/Gang Age (9-11 years)  Psuedorealistic Stage (11-13 years)

Mary Ann Stankiewicz

 Still actively working in arts education research. Currently writing a book on the history of the Massachusetts College of Art.  Recognized for scholarship in art education history

Mary Ann Stankiewicz

 Positions held:    Professor of Art Education at Penn State President of NAEA Coordinator for art education programs at University of Maine and California State  Assistant Vice President of academic affairs for Ringling School of Art and Design  Program officer with the Getty Center for Education in the Arts

Mary Ann Stankiewicz

 Prolific writer  Written in several art education journals as well as publishing books  Maryannstankiewicz.com/wordpress

Mary Ann Stankiewicz



Roots of Art Education Practice

published in 2001  Book sections:

The Early Years of Art History in the United States; Histories of Art and Design Education: Cole to Coldstream; Art in a Democracy; Women, Art, and Education; In Their Own Words: The Development of Doctoral Study in Art Education; Contemporary Issues in Art Education

; and

Women Art Educators V

.

References

Alter-Muri, S.B. (2002). Viktor Lowenfeld revisited: a review of Lowenfeld’s preschematic, schematic, gang age stages.

American Journal of Art Therapy, 40

(3), 170-192.

Efland, A.D. (1990).

A History of art education: Intellectual and social currents in teaching the visual arts

. New York: Teachers College Press.

Lowenfeld, V. (1947).

Creative and mental growth

(3 rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

Lowenfeld, V. (1987). Therapeutic aspects of art education.

American Journal of Art Therapy, 25,

111-146.

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arteducators.org/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://maryannstankiewicz.com/wordpress/