Transcript ICAO-APAC_presentation-R - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

GNSS FOR CIVIL AVIATION
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
 Global Scenario
 Performance Based Navigation
 Automatic Dependent Surveillance
 GNSS Survey
 Ionospheric Data Collection Workshop
 Summary
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
37TH SESSION ICAO ASSEMBLY
Resolution A37-11 (28 Sept – 8 Oct, 2010)supersedes
Resolution A36-23 (18 – 28 Sep, 2007)
• Urges all States to complete a national PBN
implementation plan as soon as possible to achieve:
•
•
PBN for en-route and terminal areas (according to established timelines and
intermediate milestones)
PBN approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) for all instrument runway
ends (as primary or back-up for precision approach) by 2016 – 30% by 2010, 70% -by 2014
• Requirement to add LNAV minima to any approach chart
for approach procedures with vertical guidance
• Allow States to publish LNAV only approach if no traffic
equipped (avionics) for operations with vertical guidance
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
GNSS MANUAL (Doc 9849)
 ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) being updated/revised by the NSP
 Hurdles in the path of GNSS implementation were identified by NSP and mitigation of
these hurdles are proposed to be addressed in the document
 Document refers to the Global Air Navigation Plan (ICAO Doc 9750) and calls for
early implementation of GNSS linking it with Global Plan Initiatives (GPI),
applications like PBN, ADS-B, ADS-C etc.
 Document briefly discusses Safety Case, Business Case and the transition plans.
 Document discusses Performance Requirements, Core Satellite Constellations,
Augmentation Systems, GNSS Vulnerabilities, GNSS Evolution, Implementation of
GNSS-Based Services etc. in seven chapters and four appendices
 The Document provides a very good guidance for those who are connected
with GNSS implementation and usage
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
BENEFITS
CAPACITY -- EFFICIENCY

ATLANTA TRIALS
Improvement runway utilization – Atlanta (ATL)
 World’s busiest airport
 Approx 94% of daily departures RNAV capable

More departure lanes and exit points
Capacity gain of 9 – 12 departures/hour
 Repeatable and predictable paths
 Benefits
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Increased throughput
Reduced departure delays
$30M annual benefit (at 2007 levels)
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
FUEL SAVINGS/EMISSIONS
REDUCED

Continuous Descent Operation (CDO)
 North Arrival STAR Atlanta (ATL)

144 liters of fuel savings and 360 kg reduction
in CO2 emissions per flight
 North Arrival STAR at Miami (MIA)

182 – 197 liters of fuel savings and 460 – 500
kg reduction of CO2 emissions per flight
Before RNAV
After RNAV
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
ROADBLOCKS
o
o
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Lack of Expertise:
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Airspace Development
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Operational approval process
o
Pilot and Air Traffic Controllers’ Training
Coordination between stakeholders
o
National
o
Regional
Clearing some misconceptions
o
PBN is not a new navigation philosophy, but is just a tool to implement
navigation concept for aircraft capability which has existed for more
than three decades
o
Does not need the States to overhaul complete navigational
infrastructure, but can be implemented step-by-step
o
Navspec based on operational needs & hence need not be most
advanced
th
The 15 Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
PBN INITIATIVES
●
Guidance Materials:
●
Education: Training being organized on Airspace Design,
CDO Manual (Doc 9931), Airspace
Design Manual, Ops Approval Manual, revised GNSS Manual etc.
CDO design, Procedure Design and Ops Approval etc. by ICAO
Asia Pacific Office Flight Procedure Programme (FPP)
●
Implementation Assistance:
●
Global Coordination:
GO Team, in coordination
with IATA visits reasonably advanced (PBN) States to provide
implementation assistance
Global coordination processes
have been developed to exchange information/expereinces
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
PBN/TF/8
Eighth Meeting of the Asia Pacific Performance Based Navigation Task
Force (PBN/TF/8) was held in New Delhi, India on 12 – 13 May,
2011.
The Meeting was preceded by a PBN Seminar and Workshop held in the
same venue from 9 to 11 May 2011

The Workshop provided information on the Airspace Concept and used
recent development in Kapitali TMA of Kapitali Airport, Coldland as a
simulation exercise.

In the Seminar, States and international organizations exchanged information
on the developments that are taking place in the global scenario.

After reviewing the outcome of a survey conducted to assess States’
readiness to use RNP4 (30 NM lateral separation), it was concluded that
presently the use of RNP4 standards is likely to be applied only where a
strategic advantage can be derived.
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE –
BROADCAST (ADS-B) Out

Regional Mandates:
 Australia: a) Mandate ADS-B for upper airspace (> FL 290) in Dec 2009
b) SA-Aware receiver will be required 28 June 2012
 Hong Kong, China: Use of ADS-B out
a) After 31 Dec 2013 for aircraft flying over PBN routes L642 or M771
between FL 290 and FL410
b) After 31 Dec 2014 for aircraft flying within Hong Kong FIR between
FL290 to FL410
 Singapore (CAAS AIC 14, 28 Dec 2010):
a) Implement use of ADS-B Out after 12 Dec 2013 within certain parts of
Singapore FIR (FL> 290)
 Other APAC Regulatory Agencies:
a) Expected to follow ADS-B Avionics Requirements Template APANPIRG
Conclusion 21/39
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
ADS-B OUT
OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS

Non Radar Area:
 Safety Enhancement
 Traffic Management SSR like
 Capacity increase by reducing separation to SSR like (e.g. 5NM)
 Reduction in cost of operation for aircraft (like better flight level)

Radar Area:
 Enables decommissioning of redundant SSRs providing same level of
service
 Expected to be the primary means of surveillance with radar as back-up
 Usable in combination with other surveillance sensors like Wide Area
Multi-lateration, SSR, PSR etc.

Airport Applications:
 New tool for surface movement surveillance
 Integrated with A-SMGCS expected to fulfill airport requirements
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE –
BROADCAST (ADS-B) IN

No ADS-B In regulatory mandate foreseen at this
time

Mature Standards and Operational Procedures are required for
achieving the operational benefits.

RTCA DO-317 – Minimum Operational Performance Standards
(MOPS) for ASAS published in April 2009.

ADS-B In functions include airborne situation awareness, approach
situation awareness and airport surface situation awareness.

ADS-B In benefits
 Provides Safety enhancement
 In Trail Procedures provide economic benefit by increasing the
chance of being granted higher preferential altitude, thus
reducing fuel consumption
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
ADS-B SITF/10
Tenth Meeting of ADS-B Study and Implementation Task Force was held in
Singapore from 26 to 29 April 2011. Meeting was attended by 78
participants from 18 administrations and three international organizations
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Meeting formulated a draft Conclusion adopting guidance material on
building a Safety Case for Delivery of an ADS-B Separation Service.
Meeting noted that ICAO Circular 311 had been withdrawn and had been
replaced with ICAO Circular 326.
Revised Sample Agreement for Data Sharing adopted, revised agreement
more comprehensive, precise, simple, easier to read and more acceptable.
Number of annexes reduced. New agreement used between Singapore and
Indonesia.
Meeting agreed that cooperation in supporting VHF voice communication of
other State equally important as ADS-B of other State. Draft Conclusion
adopted urging States to support VHF radio air/ground communication
infrastructure of adjacent State and coordinate with ICAO regional office and
national telecom authorities for assignment of VHF frequency
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
GNSS SURVEY
APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) noted with concern
slow progress of GNSS implementation in the
region.
o
To assess level of GNSS implementation in the region, survey
questionnaire circulated through APAC State Letter dated 30
November 2010.
o
Response has been received from 23 Administrations (out of 40) at an
overall response rate of 57.5%. Efforts are being made to get
response from more States.
o
Survey outcome depicting level of GNSS implementation in
Asia/Pacific region is provided in the following slides
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
SURVEY OUTCOME
 Most States have developed GNSS implementation plan, in the remaining States no
formal plan is there but they are implementing selected GNSS applications
 Most States according approval on Supplementary basis for RNAV, SID/STARs,
Non Precision Approach, Approach with Vertical Guidance and Precision Approach.
Many States according approval for Oceanic/Remote Areas on ‘Only Means’ basis
 Many States have received request from domestic/international airline operators to
implement GNSS based services. Others have adopted GNSS based applications
on their own
 Most of the States in the region have completed WGS-84 survey both for waypoints
and for airports. Few States have not completed survey for waypoints and/or all
their airports.
 Some States have not developed any mechanism to maintain their database
(including WGS – 84 data).
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
SURVEY OUTCOME (Contd.)
 More than half the States, which responded have drawn up decommissioning plan
for conventional navigation aids. Decommission in 5 to 15 years.
 Most of the States already published their National Performance Based Navigation
(PBN) Plan, but some States have not sent copy of their plan to Regional office.
Almost all the States have used ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) for guidance.
 About 70%of the States plan to promulgate PBN approaches based on GNSS
and/or Conventional navigation aids.
 About 30% of the responding States plan to implement SBAS and about 70% plan
to implement GBAS.
 Many of the responding States using ADS-C and are planning to implement ADS-B
 About 80% of the States which responded informed that they need help/guidance
from ICAO in the development and implementation of their GNSS plan
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
WORKSHOP ON
IONOSPHERIC STUDIES

APANPIRG /20 held in September 2009 observed that characterization of
ionosphere in the region useful for the implementation of GNSS applications
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A coordinated study should be carried out.
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ICAO invited to identify Focal Contact Points
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11 Focal Contact points have been nominated by 11 States
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APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) recognized that many States in the region lie
in the Equatorial region and hence GNSS severely affected by ionospheric
activity

Supported proposed regional level coordination/cooperation for collection of
ionospheric data and its analysis, ultimate objective of developing a regional
ionospheric threat model

The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
WORKSHOP ON
IONOSPHERIC STUDIES (Contd.)

Japan invited to provide technical leadership for Workshop and ICAO invited
to support development of a measurement campaign

Noted that this cooperation/coordination more important for collection of data
during solar maximum period , which is expected in 2013/2014

Noted that sharing of archival data available with States will be useful

Workshop on Ionospheric Data Collection, Analysis and Sharing to Support
GNSS Implementation held on 5 and 6 May 2011, in the ICAO APAC Office,
Bangkok

Workshop facilitated by Dr. Susumu Saito, Senior Researcher, Japan
Electronics Navigation Research Institute (ENRI) was attended by 20 experts
from 9 administrations
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVE

To enhance understanding of ionospheric issues in GNSS operations
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To exchange information and experience gained on GNSS and
ionosphere related activities by each Administration
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To understand the need to carry out the ionospheric studies
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To discuss a common procedure for collecting ionospheric data by
Administrations
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Ultimate outcome is a standard ionospheric model for GNSS
operations applicable throughout the Region; and

The final goal to facilitate GNSS implementation in the Asia and Pacific
Regions by mitigating ionospheric issues
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
WORKSHOP OUTCOME

Appreciated large ionospheric variability associated with the Equatorial
Anomaly.

Agreement to share data at levels 0, 1 or above.
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Huge size of raw data may not be practical to share

Template will be developed for Ionospheric Data Collection
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Explore with other Agencies (including UN) on the possibility of sharing
GNSS data

Mechanism for analysis of GNSS data to be decided.

RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) format generally acceptable for
raw data
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
LEVEL OF DATA TO BE SHARED
IONOSPHERIC DELAY
SCINTILLATION
Level 3
Level 3
-- Vertical delay at grid points
-- Delay gradient
-- Irregularity drift velocity
Level 2
Level 2
-- Slant delay (slant delay for each
satellite, satellite position, biases)
-- Scintillation indices (amplitude and
phase and correlation coefficients and
lag times, if applicable)
Level 1
Level 1
-- Human readable (e.g. RINEX) raw
-- Receiver independent raw data
data (pseudo range, carrier phase and (time-series and carrier phase for each
lock-time for each satellite, ephemeris) satellite, ephemeris)
Level 0
Level 0
-- Receiver specific raw data
-- Receiver specific raw data
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS
Workshop developed following recommendations for the
consideration of CNS/MET Sub Group of APANPIRG

States urged to coordinate with their relevant national organization for
sharing available GNSS data

Task Force needs to be established to identify need for Regional
Ionospheric Threat Model for GBAS and SBAS and create them if required

ICAO Regional Office to coordinate with APEC GIT for initiative being
carried out for ionospheric data collection

APEC Economies requested to support initiative by encouraging relevant
agencies to share data collected with civil aviation community
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
SUMMARY
 APEC States requested to support APANPIRG initiative of ionospheric
data collection and development of a threat model
 Economies requested to help in providing archival ionospheric data and
facilitate sharing of data with other agencies in their Administration
engaged in ionospheric data-collection and analysis
 APEC GIT requested to facilitate sharing of ionospheric and other GNSS
related data from Test-bed Project, marine and surface transportation
sectors
 Economies are requested to complete WGS-84 survey to facilitate
speedy implementation of GNSS
 APEC GIT requested to share information regarding GNSS
implementation in other transportation sector and provide guidance for
improving the implementation level in aviation sector
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)
The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)