Transcript 1,4 Dioxane - Kerfoot Technologies

In-Situ 1,4 Dioxane Remediation in
HVOC Sites
Andrew Brolowski
William B. Kerfoot
Kerfoot Technologies, Inc.
IUVA/IOA North American Conference
May 4-5, 2009
Cambridge, Massachusetts
1,4 DIOXANE - CHARACTERISTICS
O
O
C4H8O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 88.20
DENSITY: 1.033
BOILING POINT: 101°C
MELTING POINT: 10°C
VAPOR PRESSURE: 30mmHg (20°C)
SOLUBILITY: COMPLETELY MISCIBLE
Ozone Chemical Oxidation
•Microbubble ozone-peroxide
•Nanobubble ozone
Organic Compounds Found on Site
•1,4 Dioxane
•Chlorinated
Chloroethenes – TCE, cis 1,2 DCE, 1,1DCE
Chloroethanes – 1,1 DCA
•Freon
•PCBs
“Competitive Contaminant Destruction During Ozone-Peroxide Chemical Oxidation: Implications for In-situ
Remediation of 1,4 Dioxane,” Lowell Kessel, Paris Hajali, Bruce Nielsen, Kevin Olivo, AEHS, 2004.
Site Conditions
Lithology
0-30 ft. alluvial deposits – sand and silt
30-50 ft. weathered granitic bedrock
50-90 ft. competent granite
Sieve Analysis
25 ft. sample: gravel .07%, sand 93.6%, silt & clay 6.3%
60 ft. sample: gravel 2.4%, sand 87.7%, silt & clay 7.9%
GW Elevation
Varies 8 to 15 ft. bgs
Horizontal K (alluvium) = 18 ft./day; vertical 0.7 ft./day
Horizontal K (weathered granite) = 21 ft./day; vertical 0.4 ft./day
Equipment
Nano to
Microbubble
Production
1μm
University of Twente, Netherlands Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 204502
NANOBUBBLE CHARACTERISTICS
•Low rise rate
<.001 m/minute
•Enhanced reactivity
>10-8m-1s-1
•Negative charge
Molecular arrangement
•Long half-life
>20 hours
•Low surface tension
<.02 g/cm
•High surface/volume ratio
>5.0
•Hydrophobic attack
Preference for attacking
hydrophobic molecules
-
-
-
WATER
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
GAS
-
-
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
5μm
Nanobubble Structure
CHART #1: 1,4 DIOXANE BENCH SCALE TEST AQUEOUS MASS REDUCTION
CHART
Concentration in PPB (ug/L)
10,000
1,000
0
100
200
300
400
Minutes Since Test Began
TEST 1: OZONE @ 1,400 ppmV
TEST 2: OZONE @ 1,400 ppmV & PEROXIDE @ 5%
500
CHART #2: 1,4 DIOXANE BENCH SCALE TEST RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS
AQUEOUS MASS REDUCTION CHART
1.00
100
200
300
400
CT/CO
0
0.10
Minutes Since Test Began
TEST 1: OZONE @ 1,400 ppmV
TEST 2: OZONE @ 1,400 ppmV & PEROXIDE @ 5%
500
Conclusions
•Perozone® effectively treats 1,4 dioxane and
chloroethenes in field applications
•Sites have moved from pilot testing to full application
•Laboratory testing indicates both Perozone® and
nanobubble ozone are efficient oxidizers of 1,4
dioxane
•With Nanozox™, TCE is removed at 5 times the rate of
air stripping (air sparging)
•The gas phase can be suspended as a reactive
emulsion in water, having a negatively charged
nanobubbles