Transcript Starter #2: Monday 10/1

Chapter 6
The Progressives
1
Starter #2: Monday 10/1
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Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page
170
Why do you think immigrants would have
had to live in such awful conditions?
What was the title of the book that both
described the conditions that Riis and
helped him in his fight to improve them?
2
Starter #2: Monday 10/3
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Read the American Literature on page 176
What dangers to workers and to food does
Sinclair describe?
What does The Jungle suggest about
reasons workers formed unions?
3
What was Progressivism?
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Progressivism: Arose to address many of the
social problems that industrialization created
(progressives)
1. Improve living conditions for the poor
2. Questioned power and practices of big
business
3. Government to be more honest and
responsive to people’s needs
REFORM SOCIETY, WORKPLACE,
GOVERNMENT
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Muckrakers
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Reformed-minded writers
First to expose many of the social ills
 “raked up” exposed filth of society
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Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil
Wrote about: business & political
corruption, child labor, slum conditions,
racial discrimination
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Reforming Society
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Cities failed to provide: garbage collection,
safe housing, police/fire protection
HOUSING
Tenement Act 1901
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Forced landlords to install lighting in public
hallways, provide at least one toilet per 2
families, outhouses were banned
Improved health – 15 years, death rate
dropped in NYC
6
Society
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1909 – Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Du Bois,
Jane Addams, and many others founded
NAACP – National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
Fight for the rights of African Americans
 Fought segregation & stereo types
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ADL – Anti-Defamation League
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Fight anti-Semitism toward Jews
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Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2
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Read page 173.
Answer the question under Drawing
Conclusions.
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Reforming the Workplace
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Labor unions fight for men – Progressives
started the fight for women & children
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Wanted to prohibit child labor and limit the
number of hours women were forced to work
Paid very low wages – 40% working class
in poverty
Fought for minimum wage – National
government did not pass until 1938
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Workplace
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Lochner v. New York (1905) – limit work
day
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Court refused to uphold a law limiting bakers to
a 10 hour workday saying it denied workers
their right to contract with their employees
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
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Limited women to 10 hour workday, hurt their
health
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The Triangle Shirtwaist Company
Fire
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Turning point for reform
Read and look at the picture on pages 172174
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Unions
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Fought for better working conditions
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
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ILGWU (International Ladies Garment
Workers Union)
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Skilled Workers
Unskilled Workers
Success brief, strikes failures, government
cracked down on activities
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Reforming the Government
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GOAL: Eliminate government corruption &
make government more efficient
City Reforms
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Ohio, Texas, Council-Manager Model (pg. 174)
State Reforms
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Campaign spending, Regulate railroads &
utilities
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Election Reforms
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Make more fair & politicians more accountable to
voters
17th Amendment: voters directly elect US Senators
Secret Ballot
Initiative
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Referendum
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Voters put a proposed law on ballot for approval
Voters put a recently passed law on ballot to reject or
reapprove
Recall
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Voters can remove elected official by calling a special
election (end of section 1)
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Starter #3: Tues 10/2
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Read The Inside Story on page 177
What barriers did Alberta Virginia Scott and
Otelia Cromwell break in the late 1800s?
What profession did both women go into
after graduating from college?
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Opportunities for Women
SKIP
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Education, employment, community
1833 Oberline College in Ohio became the
first to admit women
1870 20% college students were women
 1900 33% college students were women
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Upper/Middle Class
Still denied many opportunities
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Training grounds for political activism
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Employment
SKIP
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Teachers, nurses, bookkeepers, typists,
secretaries, shop clerks
Journalists & artists – to appeal to the
American public
Working class women
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Garment Industry
Employers assumed women were single
and supported by their fathers
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Justified why they paid them lower
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Starter #4: Wed 10/3
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Look at the Political Cartoon on page 181
How do the words change as the stairs
lead up to the top?
What point is the cartoonist trying to make
with this cartoon?
20
Gaining Political Experience
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Women backbone to Progressive Era
Children’s Heath & Welfare
End child labor, improve health, promote
education
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Prohibition
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Ban on making, selling, and distributing
alcoholic beverages
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Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Carry Nation
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Claimed alcohol was responsible for crime, poverty,
and violence against women and children
Hatchet & Bible smashed up saloons
18th Amendment – Confirmed Prohibition 1919
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So unpopular repealed in 1933
22
Civil Rights
SKIP
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African American women fought all same
things + discrimination
National Association of Colored Women
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Campaigned against poverty, segregation, &
lynchings
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What does Suffrage mean???
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It does not mean “suffering!!”
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It’s actually a “good” word
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It means… the right to vote!
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Rise of Women’s Suffrage
Movement
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1848 meeting Senecca Falls – would take
72 years….
15th Amendment
Gave African American men the right to vote
after the Civil War
 Cannot deny the right to vote based on
“account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude.”
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Video Clip
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvk1NZ
DFvZU
Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette
http://www.hulu.com/watch/60255/acelebration-of-womens-history-thewomens-rights-movement-then-and-now
News program 1998 – 150 Anniversary of
Senecca Falls
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Women Organize
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National Women Suffrage Association
(NWSA)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B Anthony
 Campaigned right to vote & other women
issues
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American Woman Suffrage Association
(AWSA)
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Focused only on voting rights by going state to
state
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Susan B. Anthony
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Wrote pamphlets, gave speeches
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Arrested for “knowingly, wrongfully and
unlawfully” voting
Read excerpt page 181
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1872 registered to vote & voted
Fined $100, she refused to pay
Court claimed citizenship does not = the
right to vote
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Anti-Suffrage Arguments
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Voting inferred with women’s duties at home
Destroy families
Did not have the education or experience
Women didn’t want to vote – don’t force them to
Liquor industries feared women would support
Prohibition
Food & Drug safety
Worker & child safety
Church claimed marriage sacred bond where it
should be led by man
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Merge!
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National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
Susan B Anthony president 1892-1900
Anthony died in 1906
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“Failure is impossible”
Only one signer from Seneca Falls was
alive in 1920 when the 19th Amendment
was passed
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She was 92 (end of section 2)
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Starter #5: Thurs 10/4
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Read the Inside Story: “Cowboy or
Politician” on page 183
What are two accomplishments that no one
could have predicted of Roosevelt when he
was a shy, sickly 9 year old?
What tragedies did Roosevelt have to deal
with when he was 26?
31
Starter #4: Thursday 9/30
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Look at the Bully Pulpit on page 185
What does the reference to big business
mean?
What does the cartoon say about
Roosevelt’s efforts? Explain.
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Teddy Roosevelt
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Huge energetic reformer, Progressive
Republicans tried to get him out of power
 Nominated him for vice president
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McKinley shot 1901 - Became president!
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42 years old, youngest President
Most Presidents took hands off approach
Bully Pulpit: powerful platform to
publicize important issues and seek
support for his policies
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The Coal Strike of 1902
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Read page 184
First time federal government intervened in
a strike to PROTECT the interests of the
WORKERS & public
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Square Deal
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1904 Campaign slogan
“see that each person is given a square
deal, because he is entitled to no more and
should receive no less.”
Limit power of trusts, promote public health,
safety, & working conditions
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Regulating BIG Business
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Quote – page 184
Companies should behave responsible!
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Trust-Busting
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3 railroad tycoons combined to form Northern
Securities Company
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Roosevelt claimed it violated the Sherman AntiTrust Act
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Total monopoly over railroads
Court upheld
Led to a WATERSHED
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Size of trust didn’t matter: was it good or bad for the
American public??
Sold inferior products, competed unfairly, corrupted
public officials
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Regulating Railroads
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RR gave rebates to large customers
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Elkins Act
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Hurt small businesses & farmers
Prohibited rebates, all customers paid same
rates for shipping their products
Hepburn Act
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Set maximum railroad rates
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Protecting Consumers
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Food & Drug companies
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Read excerpt on page 186
Wilson Report
Meat Inspection Act
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Selling dangerous products to an unknowing public
Federal inspection of meat shipped across state
lines
Pure Food & Drug Act
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Forbade the sale of products with harmful
ingredients
39
Environmental Conservation
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Late 1800s people acted as if US had
unlimited supply of natural resources
Roosevelt claimed each generation has a
duty to protect & conserve (187)
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John Muir – naturalist who worked with
Roosevelt
Newlands Reclamation Act
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Create irrigation projects to make dry lands
productive
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Conservation
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Gifford Pinchot
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Forest Service
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Added 150 million acres to national forests
Antiquities Act
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Scientific management of natural resources
was crucial
Created 18 national monuments
**Environmental conservation is one of
Roosevelt’s greatest legacies…
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Video Clip
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http://www.history.com/videos/americagoes-dry-with-prohibition#theodoreroosevelts-acts-and-legacy
Meat packing & conservation
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Progressives (end of section 3)
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42
Starter #5: Monday 10/4
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2nd Page – Label it Quarter 1 Week 7
Read The Inside Story, Can Politics and
Friendship Mix? on page 189
How were Theodore Roosevelt and William
Howard Taft different?
Why did Roosevelt soon regret the support
that he had given Taft during the election?
43
Chapter 6 Section 4
Taft and Wilson
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BACKGROUND
Election of 1908 won by huge margin
Supported Roosevelt’s reform movement
Created Department of Labor
16th Amendment: Power to levy taxes
based on individual's income
Lost support of Progressive Republicans
because of bill on tariffs
Alienated Conservation supporters as well
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Split in the Republican Party
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Roosevelt campaigned in 1910
congressional election for New Nationalism
Set of laws to protect workers, ensure
public health, and regulate business
Did not win, which caused more splits in
the party
Election 1912, Republicans supported Taft,
Progressive split into own party
“Bull Moose” nominated Roosevelt
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Wilson’s New Freedom
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BACKGROUND
Zealous Reformer
New Freedom: Platform that called for tariff
reductions, banking reform, and stronger
antitrust legislation
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Tariff Reduction
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Underwood Tariff Act: Lower tariffs at
lowest level in 50 years
Income tax to make up for lost money
47
Banking Reform
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Federal Reserve Act: Created a central
fund from which banks could borrow to
prevent collapse during a financial panic
3 Tier Banking System
48
Stronger Anti-Trust
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Sherman Act not strong enough
Clayton Antitrust Act: clarified and
extended Sherman
Companies could not buy stock of
competing companies in order to form a
monopoly
Federal Trade Commission 1915: Enforced
antitrust laws and got tough on companies
that used deceptive advertising
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Women Gain the Vote
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BACKGROUND
NAWSA favored state by state approach,
yet took too long
Alice Paul, formed Nat’l Women’s Party
Focused on passage of the Amendment,
used tactics from Britain
19th Amendment passed in 1920, gave
women full voting rights
50
Progressivism and the Rights of
African Americans
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Not many new rights
Brownsville Incident 1906: Not until 1972
were records changed
Wilson, bad record with civil rights:
Opposed federal laws against Lynching
 Allowed segregation in offices
 Felony for blacks & whites to marry in DC
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WWI brought End to Progressive Era
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Wilson’s 2nd Term completely devoted to
the war
52
Homework
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Page 193
#1 a, c
#2 b, c
#3 a
#4 b
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Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5
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Look at the cartoon on page 194
Describe what is going on in the political
cartoon.
Do you think the artist sees the work of
muckrakers as positive or negative?
Explain.
54
Starter #7: Wednesday 10/6
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REVIEW
#1 Define initiative, referendum, & recall.
#2 What effect did the 15th amendment
have on women’s voting rights?
#3 Define Bully Pulpit & the Square Deal.
#4 What were the 16th & 19th
amendments?
55
Starter #8: Friday 10/8
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Reflect about the test yesterday…
How do you think you did?
What was the easiest part?
What was the hardest part?
What is something that you should have
studied but you didn’t?
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