Ms. Christine Engstrom, Principal Investment Specialist, Asian
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Transcript Ms. Christine Engstrom, Principal Investment Specialist, Asian
NHB-APUHF-APMCHUD
International Conference on Housing: An Engine for Inclusive Growth
Session IV:
Housing Challenges: International Financial Institutions’ Perspective
Christine Engstrom
Private Sector Operations Department
Asian Development Bank
New Delhi, India
April 11-12, 2013
Asia’s Acute Housing Shortages
Large housing shortages throughout
Asia:
India: approximately 25 million for
urban areas;
Philippines: 3.75 million shortage
from 2005-2010 (Source: HUDC); and
Indonesia: approximately 3 million
backlog with a need to add about
800,000 per annum (Source: Ministry
of Housing).
Nearly half of all slum dwellers live in
Asia with South Asia having highest rates.
Approximately 70% of Bangladesh’s
population lives in slums.
Continued pressure on housing. Asia is
the fastest urbanizing region in the world.
ADB estimates that 120,000 new
residents will move to cities each day over
the next 10 years.
Asian Development Bank
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The Affordability Challenge
Affordability is increasingly a problem in Asia impacting lower and
middle-income classes.
Price-to-income ratios in Asia exceed those of developed countries:
Jakarta = 14.6x;
Dhaka = 16.7x; and
Lahore = 23x (Source: U.N. Habitat).
Drivers of low affordability:
Escalation of property costs;
Increase in costs of building materials;
Slowing growth of wages in some markets; and
Underdeveloped housing finance markets
high interest rates
and down payments, and transaction costs.
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Initiatives to Address Affordability Issues
India Mortgage Guarantee Corporation
First mortgage guarantee company in India. Funded in June 2012.
Provides guarantees against borrower default on interest and principal
payments up to a specified amount.
Public-Private Partnership. Benefits from strong shareholders:
- National Housing Bank (38%) – Sponsor and government entity;
- Genworth Financial (36%) – Strategic investor and technical partner;
- Asian Development Bank (13%) – Investor; and
- International Finance Corporation (13%) – Investor.
Genworth Financial is providing transition services to IMGC in areas such as risk
management, underwriting, and IT, amongst others.
Ratings: CARE (AA+), ICRA (AA).
Asian Development Bank
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Initiatives to Address Affordability Challenges
India Mortgage Guarantee Corporation
Long-term contributions to the market:
Helping people access homes earlier.
Addressing gaps in the housing and housing finance markets.
Strengthening the financial sector:
Creating new products;
Helping banks tap new markets;
Diversifying risk; and
Providing capital relief.
Supporting growth of capital markets.
Providing data and feedback on the market to industry and
regulators.
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Initiatives to Address Affordability Challenges
Long-Term Funding and Technical Assistance
Longer-term funding:
Fills funding gap for banks. Capital markets are typically
underdeveloped;
Helps banks to extend longer-tenor loans hence improving
affordability; and
Reduces asset liability mismatches.
Technical Assistance:
Strengthen mortgage underwriting and servicing;
Create new models for assessing risk from lower income/informal
borrowers;
Better portfolio management; and
Help banks to provide new products for broader customer
segments.
Asian Development Bank
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Initiatives to Address Affordability Challenges
Microfinance
Using microfinance institutions to
help lower income borrowers:
Incremental building or
home improvement loans;
Typically for existing
customers with good
repayment histories; and
Improves affordability.
Potential to scale-up:
MFIs need training;
Funding sources for MFIs
can often be limited.
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Initiatives to Address Affordability Challenges
Focus on the Fundamentals
To address affordability issues and to support inclusive growth in the
housing markets, important to focus on the fundamentals:
Foreclosure processes;
Access to land;
Efficient and effective titling and registration;
Strong underwriting and servicing standards; and
Industry information and transparency.
Asian Development Bank
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