Transcript Comparative Injury Studies

Comparative Injury Studies
Michael Keating, MS, ATC, CSCS
USA Rugby
Medical Services
What does everyone want to know???
Is rugby safer than football??
Recent Literature Review
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Injuries…HS Rugby Players 05-06 – Collins et al
– 2008 (RIO Rugby study)
Collegiate Rugby Union Injuries – Kerr et al –
2008
Injuries in US HS Athletes – Darrow et al – 2009
Tackle Injuries in Pro Rugby – Quarrie &
Hopkins – 2008
RIO Study
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Online reporting of ~ 60 clubs during 20052006
Online reporting mechanism
Looked at over 62,000 player exposures
Examined over 290 total injuries
75% of the reporting was completed by coach
Rio Study
Injury rate per
1,000 player
exposures
2005
Rugby Rio
2006
Rugby Rio
HS Football
Total
6.6
4.7
4.4
Game
15.9
15.0
12.1
Practice
1.5
1.1
2.5
Rio Study
Injury rate per
10,000 player
exposures
2005
Rugby Rio
2006
Rugby Rio
HS Football
Concussion**
8.6
8.2
4.6
Fracture
8.8
8.2
4.9
Knee
5.2
6.3
6.6
RIO Study
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Fractures, Concussions and Ligament Sprains were the
most common injuries – each comprised ~ 16% of all
injuries
Almost 60% of all injuries occurred during the tackle,
75% involved contact with another player
Females had more ligament injuries as compared to
males (20.8% > 14.9%)
More likely to suffer injury in game v. practice (10:1)
Collegiate Rugby Injuries - USA
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Online reporting of ~ 70 clubs during 20052006
Online reporting mechanism
Looked at almost 70,000 player exposures
Examined 850 total injuries
83% of the reporting was completed by coach
Collegiate Rugby Injury Study
Injury rate per
1,000 player
exposures
Rugby
Football
Game
22.5
41.4*
(35.9)
Practice
5.5
5.9
Collegiate Rugby Injury Study
Injury rate per
1,000 player
exposures
Rugby
Football
Concussion
2.0
4.5
Fracture
1.5+
Sprains
3.5+
College Rugby Injury Study
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Ligament Sprains, Muscle Strains and Concussions
were the most common injuries
Almost 50% of all injuries occurred during the tackle,
75% involved contact with another player
More likely to suffer injury in game v. practice (4:1)
Possible lower injury rates as compared to other
studies secondary to lower standard of play
Future Direction
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Continue to utilize and fund research focusing on
youth and college rugby
Higher participation of clubs
Reliable reporting from medical personnel
Equipment variations/improvements
Tackle, scrum, lineout, ruck and maul education
Anthropometric measures of players
Injury Prevention
for
Rugby
Acute Injuries vs. Gradual Onset/Overuse
Overuse or Gradual Onset
• Used to be a prime concern and still is
at Elite Level
• Identify underlying pathology and
pathomechanics during screen
Methods
• Proper Dynamic Warm-up
• Prescribe exercise specific to demands
• “Injury Prevention” programs??
•Long Term Athletic Development Model
Acute Injuries
• Previously little to no thought in this
arena and now IS the FOCUS
• How do we approach this??
Acute Injuries
• Absolutely begins and ends with
education and coaching!
Acute Injuries
• Techniques/skills – especially in contact
• Training Sessions – contact vs. limited
contact
•LTAD
Optimal development of young players
• Influence of growth and maturity on early success
• Dangers of overspecialisation at an early age (physical and
skills-related)
• Long-term consequences (skill-base, injury, burnout)
• Some evidence (Hartwig et al 2008) that high training volumes
better tolerated than high competition volumes
• Overall lack of information – urgent need for longitudinal
observational studies form 16 – 21 years
Anti-Doping
in
Rugby
Key is early education that is
both Consistent/Persistent
&
Relevant
Resources
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USADA – www.usantidoping.org
IRB – new site –
www.keeprugbyclean.com
WADA