Decision-making and Motor Behavior
Download
Report
Transcript Decision-making and Motor Behavior
Decision-making and Motor Behavior
Input
2
Central
Processing
Output
Welford’s (1976) Hypothetical Model of Information
Processing
From: Welford, A.T. (1976) Skilled Performance: Perceptual and
Motor Skills. Scott, Foresman and Company: Palo Alto, CA.
What is the decision process?
In the decision process performers develop a plan or
strategy for the movement.
4
What does reaction time measure?
Afferent flow of information
Processing of information by the brain
Efferent flow of information
5
Fractionated Reaction Time
Premotor Reaction Time
Motor Reaction Time
Total Reaction Time
6
From Magill, R.A. (2007). Motor Learning and Control:
Concepts and Applications (8th ed.). McGraw Hill: New
York, pp 183.
Reaction time= Premotor RT + Motor RT
8
Define
Simple Reaction Time
Choice Reaction Time
9
Memory Drum Theory
Franklin Henry provided the Memory Drum Theory
– Fischman, Christina, and Anson
– Klapp
– Hide’s thesis
10
What is information and how is information measured?
Limited capacity of the decision process
Single channel processing
Bottleneck in the system
11
Uncertainty
Number of possible alternatives (CRT)
– Number of stimuli
– Vary the probability of occurrence
– Sequential dependencies
Predictability
–
–
–
–
12
Temporal uncertainty
Spatial uncertainty
Event uncertainty
Perceptual uncertainty
BITS
BITS measures the complexity and uncertainty of
information
Calculation of BITS
13
Perceptual Discrimination
Just Noticeable Difference
– Being able to detect differences in stimuli if
they in fact exist
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/magazine/04Rivera-t.html?_r=1
14
Psychological Refractory Period (The Fake)
The psychological refractory period is created when
two signals are presented in succession
It’s the time it takes to respond to a fake and realize it
is a fake when the real move is recognized and the
performer has to initiate a new response
15
From Magill, R.A. (2007). Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and
Applications (8th ed.). McGraw Hill: New York.
Facts about the Psychological Refractory Period
RT to the first signal is the same as when
stimulus 1 is presented alone
RT to the second signal is almost always longer
If the interstimulus interval (ISI) is less than 100
msec sometimes the performer responds to only
one signal
Practice will not improve the psychological
refractory period
The psychological refractory period can be
eliminated if the performer knows where stimulus
2 will occur
The psychological refractory period is a central
phenomenon. It is not sensory or motor.
17
Activity Groups
Temporal Uncertainty
Event Uncertainty
Perceptual Uncertainty
Spatial Uncertainty
Define the concept and provide a minimum of 3
examples of movement exemplars of these ideas
18