Enzymes used in the detergent industry
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Transcript Enzymes used in the detergent industry
Enzymes used in the
detergent industry
08/04/2015
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NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
Carbohydrases
4 Types of enzymes are used for
different detergents
Substrate
Examples
Protease
Proteins
Blood, egg, milk
grass, meat
Lipase
Triglycerides
Organic fats and oils,
sebum, lipstick
Amylase
Starch
Rice, noodles,
potatoes, corn
Cellulase
Cellulose
Cotton, viscose
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Catalytic actions of detergent enzymes
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Stain removal
Surfactants can remove most of the soils in laundry.
Why do we need the enzymes?
Enzymes and surfactants generally work complementary, and
together they can do the cleaning job at low temperature +
mild pH
The following cartoon shows how
enzymes degrade soil partially
and surfactants bring the reminder into suspension
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Removal of stain 1:
The stain is bound to a surface
Stain
Substrate
Fibre
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Removal of stain 2:
A surfactant has been added
Surfactant
Soil
Fibre
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Removal of stain 3:
Enzymes are added and
degrade available sites
Enzyme
Surfactant
Soil
Fibre
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Removal of Stain 4:
The soil comes loose
and goes into suspension
Surfactant
Enzyme
Soil
Fibre
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General principle of stain removal
Clean vest
Stain
Wash, no enzýmes
Stain less visible
Wash with enzymes
Stain no longer visible
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Removal of invisible stains: redeposition
Clean vest
Stain
Washed
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes
Washed in dirty water, With enzymes
Conclusion: Enzymes give more permanent cleaning!
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Removal of inorganic particulate soils
H1: washed
without
cellulase
H2: washed
with
cleaning
cellulase
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Removal of fuzz and pills
Without cellulase
With the care cellulase:
Carezyme®
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Enzymes boost the removal of …
• Food and plant stains in laundry and ADW
• Invisible impurities in laundry and ADW
• Particulate inorganic soils in laundry
• Fuzz and pills in laundry
BUT….. Which enzymes for what?
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International brand support model
Cellulase
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Basic performance
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International brand support model
Polarzyme
Stainzyme
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Proteases
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
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Proteases from Novozymes
Alcalase®
For low pH, soft on wool
Esperase®
For high pH, mainly I&I*
Everlase®
Relatively stable in presence of bleach
Savinase®
High performance standard protease
Polarzyme®
High performance low temp. protease
Ovozyme®
Tolerates protease inhibitors from eggs
Relase®
For liquid detergents
Coronase®
For liquid detergents
*I&I = Industrial and Institutional cleaning
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Proteases catalyze the hydrolytic
cleavage of the peptide chain
Protease
-R1CH-CO-NH-CR2H- + H2O →
Proteases can provide:
• stain removal
• cleanliness
• general whitening
-CR1H-COO- +
+H N-CR H3
2
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Facts about proteases
Novozymes proteases have been used since 1963
Are used in 75 % of all detergents
Protease is a basic ingredient in laundry and ADW detergents
Protease effects cannot be substituted by any other ingredients
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Protease effect on blood spots
not washed
washed 3 times,
no protease
washed 3 times,
with protease
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Stain removal with protease in laundry
Protease
no
yes
Protease
no
yes
Cocoa
(CFT)
Grass
(Equest)
Blood
(CFT)
Spinach
(Equest)
Salmon paste
(Equest)
Olives
(Equest)
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Protease effect on blood spots Protease
effect after 3 wash cycles and re-soiling
No
protease
Re-soiling
With
Protease
Re-soiling
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Proteases perform well at high pH
The figure shows Alcalase versus Savinase
Relative Activity
(%)
pH
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Wash performance of polarzyme 12T
25 °C, TOM1, Regular powder, 10 °dH, 20 min, EMPA 117 swatch
Unwashed
1) TOM (Tergotometer) is a small
scale method simulating top
loading US washing machine
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Protease sensitive test swatches:
CFT C-10
Pigment/Oil/Milk on cotton
CFT C-03
Chocolate milk/Soot on cotton
EMPA112
Cocoa on cotton
CFT C-05
Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton
EMPA116
Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton
EMPA117
Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton/polyester
EMPA111
Blood on cotton
CS-8
Grass on cotton
PCS-8
Grass on cotton/polyester
EMPA164
Grass on cotton
WfK 10N
Egg on cotton
WfK 20N
Egg on cotton/polyester
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Low temperature profile of polarzyme
Activity profile of Polarzyme shifted towards lower temperatures maintaining
activity at high temperature
Activity temperature profile at pH 9
Relative activity
1,0
Polarzyme
Savinase
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
0
20
40
60
Te mpe rature (°C)
80
100
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Protease benefit tested in wash & wear test
Consumer wash and wear test: 70 men asked to wear a white cotton T-shirt
T-shirts collected and cut in half
One half washed in detergent with 0.1% Polarzyme 12T
Other half washed in well known non-biological brand
T-shirts sewed up, redistributed for another wearing and washing cycle (4
cycles in total)
After each cycle the person responsible for the family´s laundry was asked to
rate the result
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Protease benefit in wash & wear test
- overall consumer preference
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Protease benefit in wash & wear test
consumer preference for each performance attribute
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Status for proteases
Protease is applied in laundry and ADW for complete removal of
protein
Protease is recognised world-wide as a neccesary provider of
basic detergency
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Lipases
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
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Lipase mechanism
Lipase
Lipase
+
No odor
+
Odor
Short chain fatty acids
(C4 –C8)
Dairy soils
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Lipases from Novozymes
Lipolase®
Original lipase wild type lipase. Multi wash lipase
Lipex®
First wash protein engineered Lipase. Stain
removal and anti redeposition effects.
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Effects with Lipase
First Lipase introduced in 1988
First protein engineered lipase introduced in 1998
Lipase can to some extent replace surfactants
Remove fatty matter at low temperature
Provide stain removal
- Lipase
Give in-depth cleaning
Reduces redeposition
+ Lipase
General whitening
Lipstick
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Activity of Lipolase during drying
Relative Activity (%)
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Lipase performance
Lipolase works best at low water concentration i.e. during
drying of laundry
Lipex also works at high water concentrations such as in the
main wash
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Lipase for fat removal from
outside of cotton fibres
no lipase
Lard
Sebum
Olive Oil
with lipase
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Lipase effect on inside of cotton fibres
Cross sectional specimen of yarns soiled with olive oil
Olive oil
Unwashed
Olive oil
Washed with
detergent
Olive oil
Washed with
detergent &
lipase
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Lipase 1’st wash effect on polyester
0.2 mm
washed without lipase
0.2 mm
washed with lipase
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Lipex - visual soil removal in 1st wash
No Lipex
Lipex 500 LU/L
Lipex 1000LU/L
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Anti-redeposition benefits after 1st wash
- a secondary effect of Lipases
Unwashed
textiles
- Lipex
+ Lipex
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Status for Lipases
Lipase can be used in laundry for complete lipid removal especially at
lower temperatures
Secondary effect of lipases are contribution to general cleanness by
preventing redeposition of fats, oils and colorants
In depth cleaning of textile fibres
There is a smell issue that limits the dosage
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Amylases
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
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Amylases from Novozymes
Termamyl®
Original amylase for high temp.
Termamyl® Ultra
Highly stable liquid amylase
Duramyl®
Improved stability in the presence of
bleach
Stainzyme®
High performance “Stainfighter”.
Performs well under low temperature
wash conditions
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a-Amylases
Amylases hydrolyse a-1,4-glucose-linkages randomly forming
soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides
The viscosity of the gelatinized starch is reduced and the
solubility enhanced
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Removal of soils containing starch
Gelatinization and swelling are needed to make the starch
susceptible to enzymatic breakdown
For most starchy foods, various degrees of gelatinization result
from cooking
Amylases boost the removal of starch e.g. from pasta, potato,
gravy, chocolate, and baby food
Amylases prevent starch from adhering to the surface of
laundry and dishes and act as a glue for particulate soils
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Removal of invisible starch stain
Clean vest
Starch stain
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes
Washed in any detergent
Washed in dirty water, With enzymes
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pH-profile of Termamyl and Stainzyme
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Temp. profile for Termamyl and Stainzyme
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Washing time
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Different pH profiles
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Potato starch
Cotton
CFT CS-27
Polyester
CFT PS-27
Nylon
CFT NS-27
Polyacryl
CFT PAS-27
Cotton/Polyester
CFT PCS-27
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine,
temperature: 40°C, short programme
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Rice starch
Cotton
CFT CS-28
Polyester
CFT PS-28
Nylon
CFT NS-28
Polyacryl
CFT PAS-28
Cotton/Polyester
CFT PCS-28
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine,
temperature: 40°C, short programme
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Status for Amylases
Amylases important for stain removal in laundry
Amylases are to a large extent recognised as a provider of basic
detergency in laundry
Amylases very important type of enzymes for dishwashing applications
Stainzyme launch is a break through in amylase technology
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Cellulases from Novozymes
Celluzyme®
first cellulase from NZ, colour
clarification, prevents anti-redeposition,
tolerant towards LAS. Multi-component
enzyme product. 1986.
Carezyme®
colour clarification, care cellulase, high activity
on cellulose fibres, sensitive to LAS. 1998.
Endolase®
prevents anti-redeposition and maintain
whiteness (in EU liquids). Works on soluble
cellulose. 1999.
Renozyme®
colour clarification, robust towards anionic
surfactants, cost effective cellulase
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Many cellulases have a domain structure
Catalytic Core
Hydrophilic
Linker
Cellulose Binding
Domain
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“Cellulase” enzymes working together to
degrade cellulose
Carezyme / Renozyme
CBH II
EG
G
R
NR
EG
Endolase
EG
CBH I
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Cellulase reactions
Cellulases hydrolyse b-1,4-glucose-linkages forming soluble
dextrins
The substrate is water-rich amorphous cellulose
In fibers this is especially found in stress points where the
cellulose crystal structure is disrupted
Some cellulases are only active on soluble forms of cellulose
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Removal of fuzz
= Clearer Colors
No Cellulase
With Carezyme
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Cellulase effects
Fuzz removal (Color clarification)
Depilling / anti-pilling
Soil removal (cleaning)
Anti-redeposition
Softness
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Endolase® antiredeposition effect
Without cellulase
White cotton
“Grey” cotton
+
Wash
With cellulase
Carbon soil
“Less grey ” cotton
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Endolase® cleaning effects
No Endolase
Whiteness
Unwashed
Wash 1
Wash 2
Endolase
Wash 3
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Status for cellulases
Big difference in effects of different cellulases
Color clarification & care: Celluzyme, Carezyme and
Renozyme
Anti-redeposition & Cleaning: Celluzyme and
Endolase
Cellulases can support both basic performance and aesthetics
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Factors influencing enzyme wash
performance
Detergent composition
Enzyme concentration
Temperature
pH
Water hardness
Contact time
Type of soil
Type of wash system
Type of wash method
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Thank you!