Transcript Monitoring Pesticides in Runoff from Northern and Southern

Low Impact Development
Pollutant Detections In Runoff From
California Neighborhoods
Loren Oki
UC Davis, Plant Sciences
Darren Haver
UC Cooperative Extension, Orange County
Low Impact Development Conference
October 6, 2010
Project Background
Evaluating Best Management Practices
(BMP) effectiveness to reduce volumes
and improve quality of runoff from urban
environments
Funding provided by:
California State Water Resources Control Board
CALFED Bay-Delta Program
Project Objectives
• Characterize runoff
• Single family residences
• Pesticides, nutrients, drinking water COCs, pathogen
indicators
• Determine flow
volumes
• Develop pollutant
loading models
• Dry and wet season
• Measure outreach
effects
Site Selection
• 8 sites
• 4 each in Sacramento (N. Cal)
and Orange (S. Cal) Counties
• Criteria
• Single family homes
• 4-20 years old
• Lot size
• Demographics
Water Sample Collection
Sampling Schedule
Q1
2006
Q2
Q3
Q4
Weekly*
Weekly*
Weekly
2007
Biweekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
2008
Biweekly
Biweekly
Biweekly
Weekly
2009
Monthly
Monthly*
None
None
2010
None
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
• Sampling by Master Gardeners in Sac Co
• Up to 5 early storms of each season
Monitoring
• Continuous Data Collection
–
–
–
–
–
Flows (depth & velocity)
Temperature
pH
Electrical conductivity
Rainfall
• Automated Stormwater
Sampling
• Remote Communication
Photos: L.Oki
Monitoring
• Continuous Data Collection
–
–
–
–
–
Flows (depth & velocity)
Temperature
pH
Electrical conductivity
Rainfall
• Automated Stormwater
Sampling
• Remote Communication
Photos: L.Oki
Water Sample Collection
UC Cooperative Extension
Master Gardeners
Photos: L.Oki
Analyses of Water Samples
UC Riverside
Gan Lab
Yates Lab
Nutrients
Nitrate, TKN,
Phosphate, Total P
Pathogen indicators
E. coli
Total coliforms
Somatic coliphages
Male-specific coliphages
Enterococci
Clostridium perfringens
Pesticides
diazinon, chlorpyrifos,
pyrethroids (9), fipronil
Drinking Water COCs
TOC, DOC, Brˉ, Clˉ,
TDS, TSS, turbidity
Pathogens
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
0
Deltamethrin
Esfenvalerate
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
trans-Permethrin
cis-Permethrin
Pyrethroids
20
L-Cyhalothrin
30
Fenpropathrin
60
Bifenthrin
70
Fipronil
80
Fipronil
40
OPs
90
Chlorpyrifos
50
Diazinon
% Detection
% detect
Pesticide Detection Frequency
Sacramento County
As reported Sep 18, 2008
Detection limit= 0.5 ng/L
100
n=62
10
% Detection
% detect
10
10
0
0
% detect
10
10
0
0
L-Cyhalothrin
Fenpropathrin
Deltamethrin
Esfenvalerate
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
trans-Permethrin
cis-Permethrin
70
60
50
40
30
20
L-Cyhalothrin
80
L-Cyhalothrin
90
Fenpropathrin
100
Fenpropathrin
trans-Permethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cypermethrin
Esfenvalerate
Deltamethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cypermethrin
Esfenvalerate
Deltamethrin
n=49
trans-Permethrin
90
cis-Permethrin
Sacramento County
cis-Permethrin
40
Bifenthrin
50
Bifenthrin
70
Fipronil
70
Fipronil
80
Chlorpyrifos
80
Chlorpyrifos
n=56
Diazinon
60
% detect
100
Diazinon
Deltamethrin
Esfenvalerate
Cypermethrin
20
Bifenthrin
n=62
Cyfluthrin
trans-Permethrin
20
Pyrethroids
20
Fipronil
90
cis-Permethrin
30
L-Cyhalothrin
40
Fenpropathrin
50
Bifenthrin
60
Fipronil
70
Fipronil
30
Chlorpyrifos
80
Chlorpyrifos
30
Diazinon
90
OPs
100
Diazinon
% Detection
% detect
Pesticide Detection Frequency
Orange County
100
n=52
60
50
40
12/10/2008
11/10/2008
10/10/2008
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
7/10/2008
6/10/2008
5/10/2008
4/10/2008
250
3/10/2008
S2
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
11/10/2007
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
7/10/2007
6/10/2007
5/10/2007
4/10/2007
3/10/2007
2/10/2007
300
1/10/2007
150
12/10/2006
200
11/10/2006
10/10/2006
ng/L
Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal
300
Non-storm
Storm
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
nn n= 70
ns = 9
n =70
ns= 9
100
50
0
11/10/2008
12/10/2008
12/10/2008
n =60
ns= 9
11/10/2008
n =n 69
n=9
9/10/2008
688.5 ng/L
10/10/2008
250
10/10/2008
8/10/2008
7/10/2008
6/10/2008
5/10/2008
4/10/2008
3/10/2008
Graphics: E. Lee
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
7/10/2008
6/10/2008
5/10/2008
4/10/2008
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
11/10/2007
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
7/10/2007
6/10/2007
5/10/2007
4/10/2007
250
3/10/2008
0
S2
2/10/2008
0
1/10/2008
50
12/10/2007
50
11/10/2007
100
10/10/2007
100
9/10/2007
150
8/10/2007
200
S4
7/10/2007
n =69
ns= 9
300
6/10/2007
300
5/10/2007
0
3/10/2007
0
4/10/2007
50
2/10/2007
50
3/10/2007
100
1/10/2007
100
2/10/2007
250
150
12/10/2006
300
300
1/10/2007
200
11/10/2006
n =60
ns= 9
10/10/2006
nn = 60
n
ns = 9
ng/L
250
12/10/2006
12/10/2008
11/10/2008
10/10/2008
495.0 ng/L
11/10/2006
nn =n69
ns = 9
ng/L
537.9 ng/L
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
7/10/2008
6/10/2008
300
10/10/2006
12/10/2008
11/10/2008
10/10/2008
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
7/10/2008
5/10/2008
4/10/2008
1,032.3 ng/L
6/10/2008
5/10/2008
3/10/2008
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
11/10/2007
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
6,121.4 ng/L
4/10/2008
3/10/2008
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
11/10/2007
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
S1
7/10/2007
6/10/2007
5/10/2007
4/10/2007
3/10/2007
300
7/10/2007
6/10/2007
5/10/2007
4/10/2007
2/10/2007
1/10/2007
S3
3/10/2007
150
2/10/2007
200
12/10/2006
150
1/10/2007
11/10/2006
10/10/2006
ng/L
200
12/10/2006
11/10/2006
300
300
10/10/2006
ng/L
Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal
Non-storm
Storm
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
nn n= 70
ns = 9
n =70
ns= 9
n = 70
ns = 7
7/10/2008
nn = 70
n ns = 7
11/10/2008
10/10/2008
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
150
140
Non-storm
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
N4
Nat
120
Storm
100
80
12/10/2006
1/10/2007
2/10/2007
3/10/2007
4/10/2007
5/10/2007
6/10/2007
7/10/2007
8/10/2007
2/10/2007
3/10/2007
4/10/2007
5/10/2007
6/10/2007
7/10/2007
8/10/2007
283.16 ng/L
1/10/2007
9/10/2007
10/10/2007
11/10/2007
12/10/2007
1/10/2008
2/10/2008
3/10/2008
4/10/2008
5/10/2008
6/10/2008
7/10/2008
8/10/2008
10/10/2007
11/10/2007
12/10/2007
1/10/2008
2/10/2008
3/10/2008
4/10/2008
5/10/2008
6/10/2008
7/10/2008
8/10/2008
669.70 ng/L
9/10/2007
nn = 77
ns = 11
11/10/2008
nn = 77
ns = 11
11/10/2008
s
9/10/2008
N2
F2
10/10/2008
120
10/10/2008
150
9/10/2008
0
11/10/2006
0
12/10/2006
140
11/10/2006
20
9/10/2006
20
10/10/2006
40
10/10/2006
40
8/10/2006
60
9/10/2006
60
7/10/2006
n
84
nn =n =84
n = 11
ns = 11
8/10/2006
ng/L
80
ng/L
6/10/2008
5/10/2008
4/10/2008
3/10/2008
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
170.4 ng/L
7/10/2006
11/10/2008
10/10/2008
9/10/2008
8/10/2008
80
7/10/2008
120
6/10/2008
196.9 ng/L
11/10/2007
100
5/10/2008
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
7/10/2007
6/10/2007
5/10/2007
120
4/10/2008
100
3/10/2008
2/10/2008
1/10/2008
12/10/2007
11/10/2007
10/10/2007
9/10/2007
8/10/2007
7/10/2007
151.2 ng/L
4/10/2007
F1
N1
6/10/2007
3/10/2007
2/10/2007
1/10/2007
12/10/2006
11/10/2006
150
5/10/2007
4/10/2007
3/10/2007
2/10/2007
1/10/2007
12/10/2006
11/10/2006
10/10/2006
9/10/2006
8/10/2006
N3
10/10/2006
9/10/2006
150
7/10/2006
ng/L
140
8/10/2006
140
7/10/2006
ng/L
Bifenthrin Concentration- N Cal
nn =n 80
= 11
ns = 11
nn = 80
s
100
80
Intensive Dry Weather Sampling
• Dry weather grab sampling
– N. California- Tuesdays, 11:00-2:00
– S. California- Wednesdays, 7:00-11:00
• Hourly sampling for 7 days
• S. California Site
– June 16– 23, 2008
• N. California Site
– July 23-30, 2008
Sample Collection & Analyses
12 sample composite
Time
3 sample composite
0:00
Diazinon
Chlorpyrifos
1:00
Fipronil
3:00
2:00
4:00
Bifenthrin
Fenpropathrin
L-Cyhalothrin
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
Cyfluthrin
Esfenvalerate
Deltamethrin
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
TOC
TSS
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
pH
EC
Turbidity
10:00
11:00
12:00
1 grab sample every 24 hrs for biologicals
Sacramento County
Location
Su-N
Su-D
Sa-N
Sa-D
Fr-N
Fr-D
0.0
Th-N
2.0
Th-D
Geomean=2.9
W-N
4.0
W-D
6.0
Tu-N
Northern California
Tu-D
8.0
M-N
10.0
Bifenthrin Concentration (ng/L)
12.0
M-D
Tu-N
Tu-D
M-N
M-D
Su-N
Su-D
Sa-N
Sa-D
F-N
F-D
Th-N
Th-D
W-N
W-D
Bifenthrin Concentration (ng/L)
Synthetic Pyrethroids
Bifenthrin
Southern California
25.0
20.0
15.0
Geomean=13
10.0
5.0
0.0
Su-N
Su-D
Sa-N
Sa-D
Fr-N
Fr-D
Th-N
0
100.0
Th-D
Geomean=1.4
W-N
4
W-D
6
350.0
Tu-N
Northern California
Tu-D
8
M-N
10
Fipronil Concentration (ng/L)
14
M-D
Tu-N
Tu-D
M-N
M-D
Su-N
Su-D
Sa-N
Sa-D
F-N
F-D
Th-N
Th-D
W-N
2
W-D
Fipronil Concentration (ng/L)
Fipronil
Southern California
500.0
12
450.0
400.0
300.0
2,884.5 ppt
250.0
200.0
150.0
Geomean=97
50.0
0.0
Dry season runoff patterns
Daily Periodicity
8
7
Tue
July 1
Wed
July 2
Thu
July 3
Fri
July 4
Sat
July 5
Sun
July 6
Mon
July 7
Water Depth (cm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
Time of Day
Graphics: L. Oki
Dry season runoff patterns
Daily Periodicity
8
7
Tue
July 1
Wed
July 2
Thu
July 3
Fri
July 4
Sat
July 5
Sun
July 6
Mon
July 7
Water Depth (cm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
12:00
0:00
Time of Day
Graphics: L. Oki
Pollutant Loading Model
Multi-Scale
• 4 Test neighborhoods
• Current county land use
Low & Very Low Density
• 50-year projected land use
• Wet & Dry seasons
Graphics: A. Manfree
Pollutant Load Modeling
Low & Very Low Density Residential Zones
Graphics: A. Manfree
Non-Storm
Storm
2008-19
2008-17
2008-15
2008-13
2008-11
2008-9
2008-7
2008-5
400
2008-3
2008-1
2007-51
2007-49
2007-47
2007-45
2007-43
2007-41
2007-39
2007-37
2007-35
2007-33
2007-31
2007-29
2007-27
2007-25
2007-23
2007-21
Runoff (cubic meters per hectare)
Storm and Non-storm Runoff
Low and Very Low Density Residential Land Use
Sacramento County
500
450
38,680 acre-ft
181,911 acre-ft
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Date (year-week)
Graphics: A. Manfree
Thank you
[email protected]
[email protected]
Site Selection
• Storm drain maps
• Locate outfalls
• Delineate drainshed
• Identify lots
• Verify land use
• Visit outfalls
• Safe access
Orange County
Location
Evaluating Outreach Methods
UC Master Gardener Advanced Training
Project outline
•
•
•
•
•
Controlled experiments
Residential landscape studies
Load estimation
Economic evaluation of BMP effectiveness
Outreach of results
− Local, statewide, regional
Evaluating Outreach Methods
Community Activities
California Center for Urban
Horticulture
ccuh.ucdavis.edu