Transcript The Peruvian Civil War and the Shining Path

The Peruvian Civil War and
the Shining Path
Abbey Corbin
The Shining Path
• Initiated the internal conflict in
Peru
• Maoist insurgent guerrilla
organization
• Goal was to arrive at pure
communism
• goal of replacing what it saw
as bourgeois democracy with
"New Democracy".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shining_Path
Shining Path
• Peruvian gov. referred to
Shining Path as terrorists
• Widely judged for its brutality,
including violence against
peasants, popularly elected
officials, trade union organizers,
and civilian population
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=shining+path&hl=en&safe=acti
ve&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=ai9ZFCKsz97fSM:&imgrefurl=http://
www.examiner.com/south-america-policy-in-national/slide-showsix-killed-shootout-between-peruvian-soldiers-and-shining-path
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
(MRTA)
• Marxist revolutionary group
• Other main cause for internal
conflicts in Peru, and group
considered terrorist by gov.
• goals were to establish a
socialist state and rid the
country of anything imperialist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
(MRTA)
• At peak, group had 700
hundred members
• Gathered old members
from Peruvian armed
forces
• Violent rivalry with the SP
• Peruvian gov. stopped
group from carrying out
terrorists act
http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp
&biw=1024&bih=600&q=T%C3%BApac+Amaru+Revolution
ary+Movement&btnG=Search+Images&gbv=2&oq=T%C3%
BApac+Amaru+Revolutionary+Movement&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1
&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=1276l1276l0l2055l1l1l0l0l0l0l156l156l0.1
l1l0&safe=active
Key Players
• Victor Polay Campos (Leader
of MRTA)
• Nestor Cerpa Cartolini
(Leader of MRTA)
• Abimael Guzman (Founder
of SP)
• Óscar Ramírez (Leader of
SP)
• Abimael Guzmán (Leader of
SP)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n
Conflicts
•
•
•
•
•
Both groups were launching attacks
against Peruvian police and armed
forces
Fernando Belaúnde Terry declared a
State of Emergency in 1981
Peruvian Armed Forces were orderded
to fight the Shining Path
Constitutional rights were suspended
for 60 days in Huamanga Province,
Huanta Province, Cangallo Province,
La Mar Province and Víctor Fajardo
Province.
Lots of constitutional rights were
suspended,Peru’s military committed
many human rights violations
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=shining+path&um=1&hl=
en&safe=active&tbm=isch&tbnid=rJz7aBMkbw0q3M:&img
refurl=http://archive.livinginperu.com/news/12253&docid=
UyKVsT7gENrpqM&w=280&h=220&ei=B2F7TsTNBIa2t9,
Conflicts
• Both sides, SP and Peruvian
police, decided to amp up
violence as fighting tactics
• Some regions made anti-shining
path groups called rondas
• Rondas were small groups
armed with the donations from
the armed forces
http://i.imgur.com/9c6id.jpg%5B/IMG%5D
• The rondas managed to kill
multiple commanders of the SP
Statistics
• Shining Path contained
around 2000 members
• Nearly 70,000 people
died due to the fighting
throughout the country
• Rondas killed roughly 75
member of the SP
Locations
• Central Peru
• SP’s boundaries
expanded throughout the
years
• Good majority of fighting
located in Lima
US Envolvement
• US provided money to
government to help fight
against SP
• Peru defaulted on some
loans, but aid kept being sent
• February 1990, the US plus
several Andean countries,
including Peru, signed the
Cartagena Agreement (PDF),
This was made to help
expand economic and military
assistance
• In 1991, reports advised US
stopped sending Peru aid until
they changed human rights
standards
Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCjHB
sdZZN0