Transcript Citations1

Rules of Thumb
Write about literature in the present tense (unless an action
occurs in the historical past of the story)
Double-space everything
Introduce all quotations
No more than 10% of your paper should be quoted.
Quote exactly: use ellipses to remove quoted information (. .
. ) and brackets to add information [ ].
Inset the quotation if it is over four lines typed (if prose) or
over three lines typed (if poetry).
Consult MLA Handbook
Works Cited
Tennyson, Alfred Lord. “Ulysses.” The Norton Anthology of English
Literature. 9th ed. The Victorian Age. Vol. E. Ed. Catherine
Robson and Carol T. Christ. New York: Norton, 2012.
1170-72. Print.
Yeats, W. B. “Easter, 1916.” The Norton Anthology of English
Literature. 9th ed. The Twentieth Century and After. Vol. F.
Ed. Jahan Ramazani and Jon Stallworthy and. New York:
Norton, 2012. 2093-95. Print.
Works Cited
Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” The Norton Introduction to
Literature. Shorter Eleventh edition. Ed. Kelly J. Mays. New York:
Norton, 2013. 516-22. Print.
Fetterley, Judith. “A Rose for Emily.” The Norton Introduction to
Literature. Shorter Eleventh edition. Ed. Kelly J. Mays. New York:
Norton, 2013. 531-36. Print.
Klein, Thomas. “The Ghostly Voice of Gossip in Faulkner’s ‘A Rose for
Emily’.” The Norton Introduction to Literature. Shorter Eleventh edition. Ed.
Kelly J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2013. 542-44. Print.
Works Cited
Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights. Ed. Ian Jack. Oxford: Oxford
World’s Classics, 2009. Print.
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. David
Wright. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1985. Print.
Use page numbers if you are quoting from Chaucer (because line
numbers are not provided in your edition).
Introduce all quotations
Wrong: In “Chrysanthemums,” we are presented with a
character who is stifled by her environment. “On every side
it sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the valley a
closed pot” (489).
Right: In “Chrysanthemums,” we are presented with a
character who is stifled by her environment. Even the sky
above “sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the
valley a closed pot” (489).
Right: In “Chrysanthemums,” we are presented with a
character who is stifled by her environment: on every side it
sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the valley a
closed pot” (489).
Quoting Prose
“He was obeyed,” writes Joseph Conrad of the company manager,
“yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect” (54). This
is, in other words, a typical bureaucrat, someone who is blandly
competent but who lacks passion or any ability to stimulate
devotion in his employees.
Quoting Prose
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys
realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave
himself up to them now for the first time on the island;
great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench
his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke
before the burning wreckage of the island. (186)
Now comment on something relevant in the quotation.
Quoting Poetry (1-3 lines)
Bradshaw frames the poem with a sense of mortality:
“All things within this fading world hath end” (1).
Reflecting on the “incident” in Baltimore, the speaker
concludes, “Of all the things that have happened
there / That’s all I remember” (11-12).
Quoting Poetry
(4 lines or more)
Elizabeth Bishop’s “In the Waiting Room” is rich in
evocative detail:
It was winter. It got dark
early. The waiting room
was full of grown-up people,
arctics and overcoats,
lamps and magazines. (6-10)
The Speaker
When you write about poetry, be careful to distinguish between
the speaker of the lines of verse and the poet who composed the
poem.
It’s usually best to say,
“The speaker says …” (and then “he” or “she”)
Or “The Duke tells the count’s agent that ….”
You should refer to the poet when discussing what he or she is
doing as a writer:
“Browning uses dramatic monologue to show….”
“Browning often uses colloquial language in his verse.”
Don’t say, “It says….”
The narrator refers to Miss Emily’s “big, squarish frame
house” as “an eyesore among eyesores” (Faulkner 391).
Faulkner remarked that the title “was a salute” to Miss
Emily. As he said, “to a woman you would hand a rose”
(“Authors” 398).
Ray B. West, Jr. refers to death as “the final sign of the
passage of time” (402).
Why the difference in verb tense?
Works Cited
“Authors on their Work: William Faulkner.” The Norton Introduction to
Literature. Ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2010.
397-98. Print. [note: these entries should all be evenly double-spaced]
Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed.
Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2010. 391-97. Print.
West Jr., Ray B., “Faulkner’s ‘A Rose for Emily.’ ” The Norton Introduction to
Literature. Ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2010.
401-02. Print.
Work Cited
Larkin, Philip. “Church Going.” The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed.
Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2010.
804-05. Print.
Pip characterizes life as “that universal struggle” (Dickens 3).
Work Cited
Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Charlotte Mitchell,
London: Penguin, 2003.
Verse quotation beginning in
middle of line
In a poem on Thomas Hardy, Molly Holden recalls her
encounter with a “young dog fox” one morning:
I remember
he glanced at me in just that way, independent
and unabashed, the handsome sidelong look
that went round and about but never directly
met my eyes, for that would betray his soul.
He was not being sly, only careful. (43-48)
Introduce words and phrases from the poem this way:
The speaker mentions the “crooked hands” of the eagle
(1), and he ….
Do not say
“The poem says” or “it says”
Use the poet’s name when discussing his intentions or
his use of a symbol or motif, etc.
Tennyson depicts the eagle as a rugged and majestic
bird.
When to Quote
•
To lend expert authority
•
To provide source material for analysis
•
To indicate especially memorable words or phrasing
Don’t Quote:
•
Statistical information (“In 1960, 69.3% of the men and 65.9% of
the women were married, whereas only 57.1% of men and 54% of
women were in marriages in 2003”). Paraphase instead (According
to a report by Rutgers University, conducted in 1960, nearly 70%
of men and an almost equal number of women were married.
More than forty years later, in 2003, only 57% of men were
married, and 54% of women).
Always Introduce Quotations
that in the 1950s
“advertisements acquired a more complex and subtle
personality and began straying outside of their familiar
media neighborhoods”
Often it’s best to begin with
the quotation
In the 1950s “advertisements acquired a more complex
and subtle personality,”
, “and began
straying outside of their familiar media
neighborhoods”
You might prefer to
paraphrase
In the 1950s, advertisements became more subtle and
began to merge with their context. It became hard to
tell the ads from the entertainment
A quotation within the text
, “all this depth
manipulation of the psychological variety will seem
amusingly old-fashioned”
A paraphrase of a comment
within the text
predicted that subliminal advertising
would go out of fashion by the turn of the twenty-first
century
Your Last Page
Works Cited
Kipnis, Laura. “Against Love.” The Aims of Argument. Ed. Timothy W. Crusius
and Carolyn E. Channell. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 532-44.
Smiley, Jane. “Why Marriage?” The Aims of Argument. Ed. Timothy W. Crusius
and Carolyn E. Channell. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 532-44.
Waite, Linda J., and Maggie Gallagher. “Happily Ever After?” The Aims of
Argument. Ed. Timothy W. Crusius and Carolyn E. Channell. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2006. 532-44.
Handling Numbers
•
Spell out numbers written in one or two words
(“Twenty-four”).
•
Represent other numbers by numerals (101).
•
In a study of statistical findings, use numerals
(101) for numbers that are presented together
and that refer to similar things, such as in
comparisons or reports of data.
•
If the number is the first word of a sentence,
then spell it out (“Twenty-four”).
Citations for Statistics
Do the parenthetical citations this way:
e.g. “According to recent demographical information
published by Arkansas Tech University, 55% of Tech
students were female and 45% male” (“All Students”).
Or . . . (“Freshman”) or whatever.
Magazine Article
Philpotts, Trey. “How to Beat the Rap.” Criminal
Justice 6 (23 April 2005): 43-48.
“How to Beat the Rap.” Criminal Justice 6 (23 April
2005): 43-48.
Book
Doe, John. The History of Russellville, Arkansas.
Russellville, AR: Arkansas Tech UP, 2004.
Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D’Urbervilles. 1891. Ed.
Juliet Grindle and Simon Gatrell. Oxford UP,
2005.
Smith, Mary. The History of Dover, Arkansas. New
York: Prentice-Hall, 2005.
Newspaper
Lohr, Steve. “Now Playing: Babes in
Cyberspace.” New York Times. 3 Apr. 1998, late ed.:
C1+.
Works Cited: Advertisements
Air Canada. Advertisement. CNN. 15 May 1998.
The Fitness Fragrance of Ralph Lauren. Advertisement. GQ. April
1997. 111-12.
Lee Mood Ring. Advertisement. 29 June 1998
Chaucer’s Pilgrims on Works Cited Page
Chaucer's Pilgrims : An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in The
Canterbury Tales. Ed. Laura C. Lambdin and Robert T.
Lambdin. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996.
Chaucer’s Pilgrims, Works Cited Page
McDonald, Richard B. “A sumonour was ther with us in
that place.” Chaucer's Pilgrims : An Historical Guide to the
Pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales. Ed. Laura C. Lambdin
and Robert T. Lambdin. Westport, CT: Greenwood,
1996. [page numbers]
Works Cited Page
Beowulf. Trans. Seamus Heaney. The Norton Anthology of English
Literature. 8th ed. The Middle Ages. Vol. A. Ed. Alfred David and
James Simpson. New York: Norton, 2006. 34-100.
McDonald, Richard B. “A sumonour was ther with us in that place.”
Chaucer's Pilgrims : An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in The
Canterbury Tales. Ed. Laura C. Lambdin and Robert T. Lambdin.
Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. [page numbers]
Richardson, Thomas C. “I demed hym som chanoun for to be.”
Chaucer's Pilgrims : An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in The
Canterbury Tales. Ed. Laura C. Lambdin and Robert T. Lambdin.
Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. [page numbers]
In-Text Citations
. . . (McDonald 152).
Richard McDonald says . . . (152).
. . . (Richardson 14)
Thomas Richardson says . . . (14).
Use the critics’ first and last name, the first time
you mention them. Then just their last name.
Quoting Prose
Joseph Conrad writes of the company manager, “He
was obeyed, yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor
even respect” (54). This is, in other words, a typical
bureaucrat, someone who is blandly competent but
who lacks passion or any ability to stimulate devotion
in his employees.