Transcript SS7G7 - lfmsdevaney

SS7G7
The student will explain the impact of
location, climate, physical characteristics,
distribution of natural resources, and
population distribution on Southwest Asia
a. Explain how the distribution of oil has
affected the development of SW Asia
• Two of the most important natural
resources are oil and natural gas
• Bring wealth to the region because they
are needed for much of the world’s
economy.
• First deposits in SW Asia were found in
the 1900s.
• At first the drilling and refining was
controlled by companies from the United
States and Europe.
a. Explain how the distribution of oil has
affected the development of SW Asia
• Now most of the drilling and refining is
controlled by the countries themselves.
• Over ½ of the world’s known oil reserves
are found in this part of the world.
• This has made some of the countries very
rich and has given them control over much
of the global economy.
a. Explain how the distribution of oil has
affected the development of SW Asia
• In the 1960s, several of these countries
joined with other oil-rich countries to
create the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries, OPEC, in order to
have more control over the price of oil on
the world market.
• OPEC has called for an embargo (a slow
down or temporary halt) to oil supplies at
various times in the past to get political
and economic agreements from other
countries in the world.
a. Explain how the distribution of oil has
affected the development of SW Asia
• Some countries in SW Asia have grown
very rich due to their oil production.
• Others have struggled to help their
populations make a decent living.
• The SW Asian countries with the greatest
reserves of oil and natural gas are Saudi
Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait.
• Some countries have smaller reserves,
especially those found around the Persian
Gulf and Arabian Sea.
a. Explain how the distribution of oil has
affected the development of SW Asia
• These countries have enjoyed great
growth in national wealth and an improved
standard of living in the past 50 years.
• Countries without oil reserves have had a
much harder time improving living
conditions for their people.
• The difference in wealth among the
countries of the Middle East have led to
conflicts among the nations.
Can you answer these questions?
• What are the two most valuable
natural resources in SW Asia?
• How much of the world’s oil
supply is found in SW Asia?
• How has the discovery of oil in
some SW Asian countries
affected the economic
development of this area?
Can you answer these questions?
• Which countries in SW Asia are
the most oil rich?
• Why does OPEC play a powerful
role in the world economy today?
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Three major river systems are located in
SW Asia.
• The Euphrates River runs through Turkey,
Syria, and Iraq.
• The Tigris River runs through Turkey and
Iraq and joins with the Euphrates to
become the Shatt al Arab which goes on
to empty into the Persian Gulf.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• The Jordan River forms part of the border for
Syria, Jordan, the West Bank, and Israel.
• These rivers provide boundaries between
some countries and are important sources of
water.
• They furnish water for drinking and irrigation
as well as routes for transportation and trade
for those who live along their paths.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Many of the major cities in SW Asia are
located on or near these rivers.
• These cities and towns are also centers of
industries as this is where workers can
easily be found.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• The Middle East has a number of very
large desert areas:
• The great Syrian Desert between Syria
and Iraq
• The Rub al-Khali (or “Empty Quarter”) in
southern Saudi Arabia
• These deserts have historically provided a
natural barrier against invasions.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• They also led to the development of a way
of life that centered around the need to
survive in such a harsh environment.
• Some people survive living in tent camps,
working as sheep and camel herders and
making a living by trading animals and
hand made goods with those who live in
towns on the desert’s edge.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• These people are known as Bedouins, or
desert nomads.
• Their way of life is gradually disappearing.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Countries of SW Asia generally have a
very hot and dry climate.
• Four large oceans or bodies of water
surround this area.
• They are the Mediterranean Sea, the Red
Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian
Gulf
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Mountain ranges close to the coastal
areas block rains coming from these
bodies of water and the result is that much
of the interior of the Middle East is desert.
• Because there are coastal areas as well
as the three large rivers, other parts of the
region have enough water to support
agriculture and cities and towns of a good
size.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Southwest Asia (the Middle East) is the
gateway between the rest of Asia and
Europe. It is also located close to Africa.
• Therefore it has played a major role in
trade among these continents.
• The “Silk Road” ended in Turkey.
• Ships from SE Asia would travel to the
coast of SW Asia to unload goods.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Those goods would be loaded onto
caravans and taken across the desert to
the Mediterranean coast.
• Today the Suez Canal in Egypt links the
Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea and
ultimately the Indian Ocean.
• This makes the use of the overland
caravans a thing of the past (obsolete).
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Many people practice subsistence
agriculture, growing small amounts of
crops to take care of their local needs.
• Because the climate is so dry, farmers
must direct water from small rivers and
streams to their fields (irrigation).
• There is some commercial agriculture but
it is also limited by lack of water.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Water = critical resource in Middle East
• Both a source of life and a route for trade.
• Tigris and Euphrates run through more than
one country = source of political conflict in
recent years.
• Several countries have built dams to create
lakes for irrigation and hydroelectric power.
• Each dam cuts water supply to countries
downstream.
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• No agriculture or animal herding can take
place without adequate sources of water.
• People use many creative ways to get water
to the fields (water wheels and pumps
powered by animals or electricity, digging
wells and qanats- underground tunnels that
bring water from the hills to dry plains- and
building canals.)
b. Describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia
have affected the population in terms of where
people live, the type of work they do, and how
they travel.
• Irrigated land usually needs chemical
fertilizers.
• Repeated use causes salts to build up in soil
which makes it hard to grown anything.
• Many places in SW Asia which have been
irrigated for many years no longer produce
crops as well as they did in the past.
Can you answer these questions?
• Many of the largest cities in SW Asia are
located on or near _________________
• The “Bedouins” are SW Asians who have
traditionally lived in and around ________
• People living in the deserts in SW Asia have
usually made their living by_____________
Can you answer these questions?
• How have the major rivers of SW Asia
become a part of political conflict?
Can you answer these questions?
• Describe the climate of much of SW Asia.
• The mountains that block winds coming from
the oceans cause much of the interior of the
Middle East to be _____________
• Why have the major rivers of the Middle East
become political issues?
Can you answer these questions?
• Name some of the ways the people living
along the rivers of SW Asia have gotten
water for irrigation.
• Why do dams built along rivers cause
problems for people living further
downstream?
Can you answer these questions?
• Name the rivers that begin in Turkey.
• Which 2 flow through Syria?
• Which 2 empty into the Persian Gulf?