Transcript UNESCO and Quality Assurance - Council for Higher Education
CHEA International Commission
Washington D.C., 27 January 2011 UNESCO and Quality Assurance: Progress and Issues
Stamenka Uvalić-Trumbić Chief, Section for Higher Education UNESCO
UNESCO
What is New?
Qian Tang
UNESCO HQ Paris
Irina Bokova
A new structure A new name
Section for Higher Education Division of Basic to Higher Learning
But, a familiar Old Team!
Mission Statement
To help Member States and their institutions widen access to quality higher education through diverse modes of provision adapted to local development needs.
A RTICLE 26 (1) ‘Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and
higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.’
HIGHER EDUCATION: THE PROGRAMME
…
nearly as old as the Organization
A resolution adopted by UNESCO’s 2 nd General Conference in Mexico (1947) explicitly identified higher education as one of its six areas of work of work under the heading ‘Work with Universities”
1998 WCHE
The first World Conference on Higher Education ever organized by UNESCO Numbers matter! Over 180 Member States; 130 ministers responsible for higher education; some 4,200 participants in all representing all higher education stakeholders
Objective:
to lay down the fundamental principles for the in depth reform of higher education systems world wide
2009 World Conference on Higher Education Paris - July 2009
The World Conference on Higher Education Paris - July 2009 Theme:
The New Dynamics of Higher Education and Research for Societal Change and Development
.
Over 1,500 participants Governments, academics, QA experts, students, civil society, private sector
Ministers…
Egypt India France China
Researchers and scholars from around the world…
Philip Altbach Lidia Brito Mala Singh Hebe Vessuri J.R.de la Fuente Alice Dautry
Students were well represented…
F INAL R EPORT AND C OMMUNIQUÉ C ONFERENCE Documents published in hard and soft copy, in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Portuguese for a wide dissemination among key higher education stakeholders
D OMINANT G LOBAL T REND : M ASSIFICATION
Globally, age participation rates have grown from 19% in 2000 to 26% in 2007 OECD estimates 50 % – 60 % participation rates are necessary with a view to development Low income countries: 5% in 2000 to 7% in 2007 150.6 million tertiary students globally in 2007, an increase of 53% since 2000
***Inability to meet growing demand in developing countries***
T ERTIARY E NROLMENT R ATES UNESCO Institute of Statistics
What else is New?
E NROLMENT PROJECTIONS
36 million by 2020 44 million by 2020 26 million by 2050
Higher Education in a world Changed Utterly – OECD 2010
Equity, Efficiency, Quality
BUT What was new?
The Economic Crisis: Doing More with less Universities in search of revenue: ignoring access and equity, but (a paradox?)… Social engagement – more intense today
New Dynamics Revisited OECD/IMHE 2010
Crossborder – often empty shells Diversification: but vocational and professional??
Rankings – risky!; will European rankings make a difference? Do not trust League tables!
Academic Profession – students no longer interested (Nigeria) Changing institutions/changing mindsets...
Does less money mean more innovation?
Europe and Beyond:
The European Higher Education and Research areas must be open to the world (EU Modernisation Agenda for Universities) The world is becoming smaller as the economic crisis hits both developed and developing countries. Austerity forces HEIs to do more with less To do more with less: - be more innovative - embrace the new dynamics
Judith Eaton
“…quality assurance – and especially the internationalization of quality assurance – was one of the most striking new developments since UNESCO held its previous World Conference on Higher Education in 1998.”
Inside Accreditation
WCHE COMMUNIQUE: CALL TO ACTION
UNESCO ‘[Pursue]… capacity-building for quality assurance in higher education in developing countries’ MEMBER STATES ‘Put in place and strengthen appropriate quality assurance systems and regulatory frameworks with the involvement of all stakeholders’
2009 World Conference on Higher Education Communiqué
GIQAC
UNESCO’s Work
GLOBAL OUTREACH THROUGH:
UNESCO Global Forum on QA, Accreditation and the Recognition of Qualification (2002; 2004; 2007) UNESCO’s 6 recognition conventions UNESCO-World Bank Global Initiative GIQAC
It takes a community…
GIQAC
T HE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE
of GIQAC is to improve and expand worldwide capacity for quality assurance (QA) in higher education in developing and transition countries.
GIQAC FY2010 Implementing Networks
International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) African Association of Universities (AAU) in cooperation with the African Quality Assurance Network (AfriQAN) Arab Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ANQAHE) Asia-Pacific Quality Network (APQN) Caribbean Area Network for Quality Assurance in Tertiary Education (CANQATE)
GIQAC Worldwide
La Red Iberoamericana para la Acreditación de la Calidad en la Educación Superior (RIACES)
GIQAC A
CHIEVEMENTS ‘The GIQAC grant has accelerated the growth of quality assurance agencies in various countries and developed leaders who serve as champions for QA in their own agencies. From an
initial membership of 47 agencies and institutions in 2007, APQN now has 72
members in various categories. The grant has also paved the way towards greater cooperation and mutual understanding across a diverse and populous region.’
— Concepción Pijano, President, APQN
GIQAC A
CHIEVEMENTS
In 2010, GIQAC made an impact at the national level in 43 countries in Africa, 11 countries in the Arab States, 27 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and 31 countries in Europe and North America.
L
OOKING
A
HEAD
: C
HALLENGES
GIQAC FY2011 ENQA – ECA countries Future Sustainability: Beyond DGF The next 3 years Action plan
INQAAHE Forum Windhoek, Namibia May 2010
GIQAC meeting Windhoek
Judith Eaton
“…Spread of the familiar”
F
OLLOW
-
UP TO
2009 WCHE: N
EW
D
YNAMICS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
Open Educational resources OERs University rankings and accountability Private higher education (including for profit) and Cross-border higher education: what next
UNESCO Paris, 5 – 8 July 2009 COMMUNIQUE (8 July 2009)
ODL approaches and ICTs present opportunities to widen access to quality education, particularly when Open Educational Resources are readily shared by many countries and higher education institutions
WCHE session on OERs
Imperative to ensure that all – developed and developing countries - are enabled to contribute to OERs…
Policy Forum 1 (December 2010, Paris)
UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning Taking the Open Educational Resources (OER) beyond the OER Community: Policy and Capacity
Objectives of the Project
Ensure greater support for the use of OER created and used both in developing and developed countries by educational decision makers (governmental and institutional) Enhance capacity of educational practitioners in developing countries to create and use OER.
Basic Premise
OERs will not be able to help countries reach their educational goals unless awareness of the potential can be rapidly expanded beyond the communities of interest that they have already attracted Mainstreaming OER will contribute to the quality of learning materials
Activities 2010
Development of an OER Dossier 3 Online Forums 4 Capacity-Building workshops 1 Policy Forum
Policy Forum 2 (October 2011, Paris)
UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning Policy Guidelines on OERs
UNIVERSITY RANKINGS
BRITAIN’S TOP NINE UNIVERSITIES Quality Rankings of Teaching based on all subject assessments 1995-2004
(Sunday Times University Guide 2004)
1 2 CAMBRIDGE LOUGHBOROUGH 96% 95% 6 7 8 9 3= LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS 3= YORK 5 THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OXFORD IMPERIAL COLLEGE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON ESSEX 88% 88% 87% 86% 82% 77% 77%
U NESCO GLOBAL FORUM ON UNIVERSITY RANKINGS AND OTHER ACCOUNTABILITY TOOLS P ARIS , 16-17 M AY 2011 Goals:
Healthy debate on Rankings and other accountability tools Increased understanding of the impact of rankings Improved convergences between rankings and other accountability tools Improved communication between the higher education community and the public, particularly governments, funding bodies, and potential students Access to reliable and transparent information
P
RIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION Private HE: fastest growing sub-sector - 30% global HE enrolment Japan, South Korea: 80% Latin America – 50% Governance: relationship between government and PHEIs QA: key tool for demand absorbing private sector GLOBAL DEBATE ON PHE INCLUDING FOR PROFIT
Web Portal
Higher Education Institutions
Degree Mills What next?
Would a UNESCO legal instrument be useful?
W EB P ORTAL ON HEI S : C OUNTRY I NFORMATION
1.
Institutions recognized by competent authorities 2.
Higher education programmes recognized by competent authorities 3.
Information for students planning to study in the country 4.
Information on the higher education system 5.
Foreign credential assessment and recognition 6.
Information on financial assistance opportunities 7.
Cross-border higher education 8.
National Information Centre 9.
Other information sources 10. Definition of key terms
C URRENT P ARTICIPATING C OUNTRIES F EBRUARY 2010 Argentina Armenia
Australia
Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Canada
China
Costa Rica Cyprus Cuba Croatia Egypt Ireland Jamaica
Japan
Kenya Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Mexico
Malaysia
Namibia
New Zealand
Nigeria Norway
Pakistan
Paraguay • • • • • • Saudi Arabia Sweden
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago United Kingdom United States of America
C OUNTRIES BEING PROCESSED D ECEMBER 2010 Austria Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Estonia Guyana India Indonesia Iran Kazakhstan Panama St Vincent and the Grenadines Switzerland Uruguay Uzbekistan
Guidelines for quality provision in cross-border higher education UNESCO and OECD
Implementation Survey and analysis
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR ACADEMIC MOBILITY: CONVENTIONS (December 1, 2009)
Region Africa Arab Asia & the Pacific LAC MED Europe Secretariat UNESCO Dakar UNESCO Beirut UNESCO Bangkok IESALC Caracas Adopted Arusha 1981 Paris 1978 Bangkok 1983 Mexico 1974 UNESCO Paris UNESCO & Council of Europe Nice 1976 Lisbon 1997 Number of parties 22 SIDS / UCSIS Seychelles and Holy See Last ratification 2008 Last meeting Addis Ababa, Sept 2009 14 21 None 1991 2008 Beirut, March 2006 Manila, May 2009 19 12 47 Maldives and Holy See Cuba, Suriname, and Holy See Malta and Holy See Malta and Holy See 2007 2007 2010 Caracas, October 2006 Split, 2005 Sevres, June 2010
Welcome to Tokyo!
Asia and Pacific Convention on Degree Recognition Revised text: Diplomatic Conference 25-26 November 2011, Tokyo, UNESCO & MEXT A WORKSHOP ON THE WEB PORTAL WILL BE ORGANIZED
F
LAGSHIPS PROJECTS
2012 – 2013
Diversified and innovative providers and modes of higher education delivery for expanding equitable access: private higher education, cross-border providers, ODL and OERs; Strengthened use of quality assurance systems and other accountability tools to promote quality and relevance of sustainable higher education systems Assistance to the creation of an African Higher Education and Research Area
“global leadership in education”
political discourse academic debate