Transcript PowerPoint
Spelling Development
Elizabeth Norwood
RE 5730
Stages of Spelling
Spelling is developmental, but not all students go
through the stages at the same rate.
Emergent
Letter Name
Within Word
Syllable Juncture
Derivational Constancy
Emergent Stage- 3-5 Years Old
Lacks concept of word
Scribbles letters and numbers
Lacks letter-sound correspondence
Pretends to read and write
Focus of Instruction- Emergent Level
read aloud often
encourage finger pointing
use environmental print
create big books and picture dictionaries
use dictations and experience charts
chant and choral read familiar stories and
dictations
sort words by common patterns
develop word bags or banks
Letter Name Stage- 5-7 Year Olds
Represents beginning and ending sounds
Has functional concept of word
Reads word by word in beginning reading
materials
Focus of Instruction- Letter Name Stage
Early Letter Name
practice identifying familiar spelling patterns and sounds
use word bags or banks
sort words by beginning sounds and short vowels
study blends and diagraphs
Late Letter Name
Continue to examine consonant blends and digraphs
Sort pictures and words by short vowel sounds and CVC
patterns
Begin simple sound sorts comparing short and long
vowel sounds
Collect known words for word banks (up to 200)
Within Word Stage- 7-9 Years Old
Spells most single-syllable short vowel
words correctly
Spells most beginning consonant digraphs
and 2-letter consonant blends
Attempts to use silent-E markers and
r-controlled vowels
Reads silently and more fluently
Writes more fluently
Focus of Instruction- Within Word Stage
Sort words by long and short vowel sounds and
by common long vowel patterns
Compare words with r-controlled vowels
Explore less common vowels and diphthongs
(OI, OU, AU, OW)
Review blends and digraphs and examine triple
blends and complex consonant units (THR,
STR, DGE, TCH, CK)
Have students develop personal word lists
Syllable Juncture Stage- 8-11 Years Old
Spells most single syllable words correctly
Makes errors at syllable juncture and in
unaccented syllables
Adds inflectional endings (-ed, -es, -ing)
Differentiates between homophones
Reads with good fluency and expression
Reads faster silently than orally
Focus on Instruction- Syllable Juncture Stage
Examine consonant doubling and inflected
endings
Join spelling and vocabulary studies; link
meaning and spelling
Explore grammar through word study
Sort and study affixes
Study stress or accent in two-syllable
words
Derivational Constancy Stage- 11-14 Years Old
Have mastered high-frequency words
Make errors on low-frequency words
derived from Greek and Latin
Can understand Greek and Latin roots and
derivational affixes
Read with good fluency and expression
Read faster silently than orally
Focus of Instruction- Derivational
Constancy Stage
Focus on words that students bring to word study from
reading and writing
Examine common and then less common roots, prefixes
and suffixes
Examine vowel alterations in derivationally related pairs
(native, national; combine, combination)
Explore etymology, especially in the content areas
Examine content-related foreign borrowings
have students keep personal word lists
provide minilessons to individuals and groups to review
and refine spelling knowledge and strategies