Transcript Polymer Materials
Most plastics are thermoplastics.
Most thermoplastics are commodity.
JUST print out slides 1 – 30!!!
Engineering Thermoplastics
The most common!!
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Polycarbonate (PC) Polyamides (PA or Nylon)
Polymer Materials
Engineering Resins ABS Nylon Polycarbonate Acetal Acrylic Cellulosics Ionomer
Polymer Materials
Engineering Resins (cont) PBT PET PPO
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ABS EXCELLENT CHEMICAL RESISITANCE!!
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) This is an ethenic engineering plastic i.e. basic monomer structure as ethylene – just modifying polystyrene by: Adding plasticizer and copolymers of styrene butadiene and styrene acrylonitrile to produce a polystyrene terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene (ABS).
ABS butadiene
ABS
Major Uses Appliance Housings Canoes Typewriter Keys Pipes & Pipe Fittings Telephone Housings
ABS
Why would you want to use it?
Low to Medium Cost Good Impact Strength Good Chemical Resistance High Gloss Surface Finish Good Flexural Properties
ABS
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Thermoforming
ABS
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 135° Min = Already below Tg
Property
ABS (UNFILLED)
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.010
0.84
6000 300 3 0.3
0 220 210
High
1.060
0.92 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in °F °F
Nylon
PA - Polyamide http://www.sdplastics.com/nylon.html
http://www.ides.com/generics/Nylon/Nylon_typical_properties.htm
HIGHEST STRENGTH THERMALPLASTIC!!
Basic Info
Polyamides (nylon) are polymers formed as a condensation product of an acid and amine. They all contain the characteristic amide group: CO-NH.
** suffixes refer to the number of Types Most Common Nylon 6 Nylon 6/6 Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/12 Nylon 11 Nylon 12 carbon atoms in each reacting substances involved in condensation process. They are used as an identification factor. Nylons with a period between the numbers are homopolymers; nylons with a slash (/) between numbers are a cop0lymner (ex. Nylon 6/12 is a copolymer of nylons 6 and 12)
Nylon
Nylon 6/6 • Crystalline – Yes, very flexible • Hygroscopic – Yes (O and N) • Glass Transition = (135 F) • Flammability – Varies depending on additives, but will usually self extinguish because of N
Nylon
Major Uses Structural parts!! (i.e. replacement for cast aluminum 380 series) Electrical Connectors Gears Bearings Cables, Ties, Rope Fishing Line Automotive Valve Covers/Oil Pans Sports/Exercise Equipment Tools
Nylon
Why would you want to use it?
High Strength – among the highest of all engineering plastics Good candidate for structural parts Good Heat Resistance (continuous use up to 260 F, bonded to rubber in molds up to 350 F) Good Chemical Resistance Excellent Wear Resistance Good Fatigue Resistance
Nylon
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Rotational Molding Thermoforming
Nylon 6 (UNFILLED)
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.120
1.52
14000 400 1.5
2.7
High
1.140
1.56 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in 145 250 °F °F
Nylon 6/6 = most common
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.130
1.56
12000 420 1 2.5
65 55 490
High
1.150
1.67 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in °F °F
More on Nylon
One of the first “engineering” plastics (30s).
Crystalline thermoplastic Can have tensile properties comparable to soft aluminum.
Types 6 and 6/6 are the cheapest and most common (also worst for moisture absorption)!! These two grades = 90% of production in US. Also, highest strength grades.
Biggest disadvantage – tendency to absorb moisture after prolonged period (up to 10% by weight) which causes war page.
Nylon 12 – best moisture resistant grade
**Discuss bearing plate project for RuR, show samples Su = 35 ksi!!
Polycarbonates (PC)
IMPACT STRENGTH!!
Polycarbonate • Crystalline – No, too rigid • Hygroscopic – Yes (O) • Glass Transition – High (300 F) • Flammability – No (High number of double carbon bonds will extinguish –soot)
Polycarbonates (PC)
Polycarbonates are amorphous linear polyesters with excellent moldability.
Good impact strength, temperature resistance.
Transparent (aka Plexiglas) Tensile strength similar to ABS and nylon except impact strength can be 10X greater! But……Costs more and susceptible to environmental stress cracking.
Polycarbonates (PC)
Uses include: Helmets (football and hard hats), face shield, power tool housings, cell phones, automotive dashboards, window cranks, small gears, etc.
DONE!! Rest is just for reference!!!
Acetal
Polyoxymethylene (Acetal or POM) • Crystalline – Yes, very flexible • Hygroscopic – Yes (O) • Glass Transition – Low (-100 F) • Flammability – Yes (only C and O bonds)
Acetal
Major Uses Gears Bearings Faucet Components Fuel Pump Components Refrigerator Clips Zippers
Acetal
Why would you want to use it?
Low to Medium Cost Good Chemical Resistance High Strength Excellent Fatigue Good Creep Resistance Lubricity Dimensional Stability at High Temperature
Acetal
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Rotomolding
Acetal
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 200° Min = ~ -100
Acetal
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.420
1.44
10000 430 1.5
0.3
85 -103 260
High
1.5 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in °F °F
Acetal
Material Suppliers DuPont Hoechst Celanese BASF LNP
Acrylic
PMMA
Polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic) • Crystalline – No, too rigid (dual methyl groups) • Hygroscopic – Yes (O) • Glass Transition – High (220 F) • Flammability – Yes (only C-H and C=O bonds)
Acrylic
Major Uses Sheet Windows Displays Signs Surgical Instruments
Acrylic
Why would you want to use it?
Low Cost Good Chemical Resistance Hardness Good Creep Resistance Transparency Best Polymer for Weatherability
Acrylic
Processes Casting Injection Molding Extrusion Thermoforming
Acrylic
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 80° Min = Already below Tg
Acrylic
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.170
0.82
8500 350 0.45
0.3
0 220 190
High
1.200
0.87 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in °F °F
Acrylic
Material Suppliers AtoHaas Continental DuPont ICI
Cellulosic
Cellulosic
Major Uses Tool Handles Safety Glasses Tooth Brush Handles Automotive and Furniture Trim Toys Tubing Writing Instruments
Cellulosic
Why would you want to use it?
Low Cost Medium Chemical Resistance Hardness Transparency Rigid
Cellulosic
Processes Casting Injection Molding Extrusion
Cellulosic
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 220° Min = Already below Tg
Cellulosic
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.220
1.75
3000 280 4.4
2.3
60 248 135
High
1.340
1.78 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in °F °F
Cellulosic
Material Suppliers Albis Eastman Kleer Rotuba
Ionomer
Ionomer
Major Uses Golf Ball Covers Automotive Bumper Pads Film for Food and Drugs
Ionomer
Why would you want to use it?
Good Resilience Good Flexibility Abrasion Resistance Good Chemical Resistance
Ionomer
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion
Ionomer
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 100° Min = -40
Ionomer
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
0.930
2500 3 7 0.1
High
0.960
$/lb 5400 psi 55 ksi ft lbs/in 0.5
93 °F 100 °F
Ionomer
Material Suppliers Amoco BASF
THERMOSETS:
Polymer Materials
Thermoset EPOXY Melamine Urea Phenolic Polyester Vinyl Ester
EPOXY
EPOXY
Major Uses Encapsulating Electronic Components Bobbins for Coil Windings Adhesives
Epoxy
Why would you want to use it?
High Mechanical Strength Outstanding Adhesive Properties Good Resistance to Heat Good Chemical Resistance
Epoxy
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Epoxy
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.720
1.30
6200 360 0.22
High
1.930
1.42 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in 0 480 195 °F °F
Epoxy
Material Suppliers Ciba-Geigy Dow Shell
Melamine (Amino)
Melamine
Major Uses Molded Dinnerware Electric Shaver Housings Buttons Ashtrays Connector Bodies
Melamine
Why would you want to use it?
High Surface Hardness Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Resists Chipping and Breaking
Melamine
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Melamine (Alpha Cellulose)
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low High
1.500
0.90
0.94 $/lb 5000 13000 psi 1100 ksi 0.27
0.4
0.34 ft lbs/in 0.8
360 °F °F
Melamine
Material Suppliers American Cynamid BIP Bud Co.
Urea (Amino)
Urea
Major Uses Control Housings Wiring Devices Control Buttons Knobs
Urea
Why would you want to use it?
High Surface Hardness Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Resists Chipping and Breaking
Urea
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Urea (Alpha Cellulose)
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low High
0.900
0.67
5500 13000 psi 1300 1600 ksi 0.25
1.310
0.83 $/lb 0.4 ft lbs/in 260 °F 290 °F
Urea
Material Suppliers American Cynamid BIP Bud Co.
Phenolic
Phenolic
Major Uses Electrical Products Connectors Cooking ware (recall plate) Ashtrays Utensil Handles Elecrtic Motor Components Knobs
Phenolic
Why would you want to use it?
Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Good Rigidity Good Creep Resistance
Phenolic
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Phenolic (Wood Floor)
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.370
0.74
5000 1000 0.2
High
1.460
1.50 $/lb 9000 psi 1200 ksi 0.6 ft lbs/in 300 °F 370 °F
Phenolic
Material Suppliers Amoco Electronic Rogers Plenco
Vinylester
Vinylester
Major Uses Pipe Electrical Equipment Grating Exhaust Stacks Washer Drums Chemical Tanks
Vinylester
Why would you want to use it?
Good Heat Resistance Excellent Bonding to Fibers Good Chemical Resistance Good Rigidity Good Creep Resistance
Vinylester
Processes Hand Lay-Up Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Vinylester (15% Glass Fiber)
Property
Specific Gravity Price Tensile Strength Flexural Modulus IZOD (Notched) % Water Absorption % Max Crystallinity Tg HDT @ 264
Low
1.850
1.69
6000 18 8
High
1.72 $/lb psi ksi ft lbs/in 350 °F °F
Vinylester
Material Suppliers Premix Glastic Reichold