Transcript Analysis of Total Aluminum and Dissolved Aluminum

Analysis of Total Aluminum and
Dissolved Aluminum
Louis McDonald and Jeff Skousen
Plant & Soil Sciences
West Virginia University
Aluminum
The Good
The Bad
The Ugly
?
2
Where is the Aluminum?
3
Aluminum – “Free” Ion
3+
Al
4
Aluminum Complexes
Al3+
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
e.g. fluoride, hydroxide,
sulfate, carbonate
Al3+
O
5
Aluminum Complexes
Al3+
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
hydroxide
Small
e.g. acetic, citric
6
Aluminum Complexes
Al3+
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
hydroxide
Small
e.g. acetic, citric
Large
e.g. humic acid,
fulvic acid
7
Where is the Aluminum?
Al3+
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
OHSmall
Large
8
Aluminum Particles
By Composition
Aluminum hydroxides
and oxides
Aluminosilicates
Phyllosilicates
Gibbsite (Al(OH)3)
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)
Kaolinite (Si2Al5(OH)4)
9
Aluminum Particles
By Size
V. Small
Very fine clays
Small
Medium
Large
Clays
Silts
Sands
Colloids – Al on surface does matter
10
Colloids
Ca2+, Mg2+,
K+, etc.
Al3+
11
Very Large
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
V. Small
OHSmall
Small
Large
Medium
Large
12
Very Large
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
V. Small
Small
OHSmall
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Definitely Solid
13
Very Large
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
V. Small
OHSmall
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
14
The Curious Case of Hydroxide
Al3+ Total Dissolved Al
Al(OH)4-
15
The Curious Case of Hydroxide
16
Al1
Al3
Al13
17
From Casey et al. 2010
Very Large
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
V. Small
OHSmall
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Polynuclear
Al
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
18
Where is the Aluminum?
19
Very Large
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
20
Why filter? PROPERLY!
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
21
Very Small
Al3+
What do instruments measure?
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
22
Acidifying Samples
+ Acid, H+
Al3+
Al – Complexes
Al in Solids
Al on Surfaces
Dissolved Al
Al3+
H – Complexes
Al in Solids
H on Surfaces
Dissolved
Al
23
Very Small
Al3+
Why might hardness matter?
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
24
What is toxic?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
25
What is toxic?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
Ingestion or
Inhalation
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
26
What is toxic?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Plants, algae
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
27
What is toxic?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Fish acute
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
28
What is toxic?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Fish chronic?
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
29
Very Small
Al3+
What is Total Al? What is dissolved Al?
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
30
Questions?
Very Small
Al3+
Particles
Complexes
Inorganic
Organic
Very Large
V. Small
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Large
Definitely Dissolved
Operationally Dissolved
Definitely Solid
Filter Size
31