AYUBOWAN

May all living-beings live long

Why Post Graduate studies/Research ?

For personnel “ego” as a source of income till permanent employment (esp: research projects) As a “ticket” for the future.- Career Enhancement

PG/R. must be done to ensure that..

“I feel special because they speak to me in my language”.

This depends very much on whether the present PG/research you are involved in is

• • - your own conceived “problem/ hypothesis” - is that of the supervisor Your commitment will depend on this fact and it will also open to the real need in pg/research – dialogue with supervisor.

• • • • PG/Research seeks new information PG/Research confirm existing information Information fuel change PG/Research through a scientific method “seeks reliable knowledge”

Link between Development and Environment

DEVELOPMENT Economic, social Environment

achieves

IMPACT ON ENVIO: QUALITY

Air, water affects

ENVIO: DAMAGE

Soil degradation, scarcity of water Depletion of ecosystems Loss of NR

UNPLEASANT ENVIO

: Pollution- air, water Waste Destruction of NR Sanitation affects affects

GENERAL WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE HUMAN HEALTH PRODUCTIVITY PLEASANT / DESIRABLE LIVING

What is the environment ?

INSECURITY, and UNCERTAINITY OF THE FUTURE Hunter – Gatherer Agricultural practice

?

Present society SECURITY and CERTAINITY

NATURAL THEORITICAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT

THEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL

STRUCTURED

NATURAL THEORITICAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL THEORITICAL STRUCTURED

THEORITICAL NATURAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL THEORITICAL STRUCTURED

Past development caused the three elements of the environment – NATURE, BUILT and THEORIES to move apart

Changes in environmental indicators, 1750 - 2000 Atmos CO 2 conc Atmos N 2 O conc Atmos CH 4 conc Atmos ozone loss Av surface temp (NH) Climate disasters Fully exploited fisheries Coastal shrimp farms Coastal N 2 flux Loss of trop forest, woodland Domesticated land Global biodiversity From: Steffen et al. In press 2004

1972 June 3-5 UN Conference on Human Environment

held in Stockholm. The conference is rooted in the regional pollution and acid rain problems of northern Europe. The conference leads to establishing many national environmental protection agencies and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

http://www.unep.org/

It also recognized…

POVERTY as the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

SOLUTION undertake DEVELOPMENT

1982 ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Nairobi Environment Conference

The United Nations World Charter for Nature

published. It adopts the principle that every form of life is unique and should be respected regardless of its value to humankind.

http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/ world.charter.for.nature.1982.html

Brundlandt Commission appointed on Environment and Development

1987 Our Common Future Brundtland Report

Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development weaves together social, economic, cultural and environmental issues and global solutions. Chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. Popularizes term “

sustainable development

.”

1992 Earth Summit.

UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, under the leadership of Maurice Strong. Agreements reached on Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration, and non-binding Forest Principles. Concurrent NGO Global Forum publishes alternative treaties.

http://www.unep.org/unep/partners/un/unced/home.

htm

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Development that

meets the needs of the present own needs

.

,without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2000

2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development

held in Johannesburg, South Africa. World governments, concerned citizens, UN agencies, multilateral financial institutions, and other major groups participate and assess global change since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992.

http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/

1972

POVERTY the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION the cause for POVERTY

2002 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Three Dimensions of SD SOCIAL SD ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL

All these reflect the following trends….

Decline in resource availability and ecosystems

Diminishing margin for action Sustainability

Impact = Population x Consumption x Technology

The challenge of

sustainable development

arises from these two major converging trends .

Given the scale and nature of environmental problems, we need new mental models and ways of thinking to solve them.

Problems cannot be solved within the mindset that created them

.

Albert Einstein

AN ATTITUDINAL CHANGE IS NEEDED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ….

Ecology Sociology Economics THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INCLUSIVITY OF PRINCIPLE SUBJECTS OF CONCERN

When will the REAL environmental commitment come ?

1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012

72

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

77

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

82

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

87

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

92

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

97

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

02

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

07

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

12

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 1974 formal EE in schools 1981 En Sc in Uni (Colombo) 1986 Env. Mgmt in SLIDA Seat of Power and Decision making

“Mihinda Chinthanaya – Vision for the future” • “In the next few years, we will face two major economic challenges. One, will be to ensure that the growing economic prosperity and the benefits of recent developments will filter down to all our people.

Second, will be to lay the foundation for long term sustainable development

.” (page 9)

“Mihinda Chinthanaya – Vision for the future” • “It is evident that Sri Lanka cannot sustain its development efforts due to the lack of resources and environmental pollution. Consequently the

“Haritha Lanka”

programme will be launched from 2010-2020, under my leadership, with the objective of creating a base for sustainable development.” (page 65)

New Sri Lanka Will Have the first comprehensive SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

HARITHA LANKA

To forge a relationship with nature that would ensure sustainbility in all its activities aimed at improving the quality of life

Haritha Lanka - Strategies • 10 Strategies identified… • Incorporate sustainable development aspects in the curricular of Universities

(Wasanawan) Suba Anagathayak

(Theruvan Saranai)

Professor. Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama Professor of Environmental Science University of Colombo