Transcript Brain and Leaders

Brain and
Leadership
Professor Frederick Travis, PhD
Director, Center for Brain,
Consciousness, and Cognition
Maharishi University of Management
Fairfield, Iowa USA
Thinking
and action
CEO
Emotions
Concrete
Experience
Stress turns off the CEO of
the brain
Stress
1.
Challenge
2. Stress
CE0
Challenge
Experience
changes
the brain….
Activation of
visual cortex
in a sighted
person reading a
book,
Activation of
visual cortex:
in a sighted
person reading a
book,
and in a blind
person “reading”
Braille.
Focused
Attention:
Conscious Gamma (20-50 Hz)
Thoughts
 Loving-kindness-compassion
(Lutz eta l. 2004);
 Other studies with single
group or case study designs
• Qigong (Litscher et al,
2001)
• Zen–3rd ventricle (Huang
and Lo, 2009)
• Diamond Way Buddhism
(Lehmann et al., 2001)
Travis and Shear, 2010
Focused
Attention:
Conscious Gamma (20-50 Hz)
Thoughts
Open
Monitoring:
Theta (4-8 Hz)
 Vipassana meditation (Cahn et al.,
2010)
 Zen meditation (ZaZen) (Murata, et al,
1994)
 Sahaja Yoga (Aftanas and
Golocheikine, 2001; Baijal &
Travis and Shear, 2010 Srinivasan, 2009)
 Concentrative Qigong (Pan, Zhang, &
Focused
Attention:
Conscious Gamma (20-50 Hz)
Thoughts
Open
Monitoring:
Theta (4-8 Hz)
Automatic SelfTranscending:
Alpha 1 (8-10 Hz)
Travis and Shear, 2010
Paradoxical Alpha (TM)
Front
Cente
r
Back
Alpha as Idling
(eyes closed)
Travis et al, 2009
Task: 5 sec – 0 sec
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
TM: 30 sec – 35 sec
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Conscious
Thoughts
 TM technique (Dillbeck & Bronson,
1981)
 TM technique (Travis & Wallace., 1999)
 TM technique (Travis et al., 2001)
 TM technique (Hebert et al., 2005)
 TM technique (Travis & Arenander.,
2006)
 TM technique (Travis et al., 2010)
 Other case study
• Qigong (Qin, et al, 2009)
Automatic SelfTranscending:
Alpha 1 (8-10 Hz)
Travis and Shear, 2010
Transcending during TM
Transcending during TM
Transcending during TM
Transcending during TM
Transcending during TM
Pure Consciousness
Restful Alertness during TM practice
Baseline
TM Practice
Frontal
and
Parietal
Hippocampus
and
Thalamus
FDGPET
Newberg, A., Travis,
F., Wintering, N.,
Nidich, S., Alavi, A. &
Schneider, R. Neural
Imaging conference,
Miami, Fl., 2006.
Brain Functioning during
Simple and
Choice
Reaction
Time
Tasks
st
1
Task (Attention)
*
In the first task, you'll see an
in the middle of the screen. Then
you'll hear a tone.
As soon as you hear the tone,
press the space bar as fast as
you can.
2nd Task (Remain Balanced)
In this task, you'll see a number in
the middle of the screen; then a
blank screen for 1.5 seconds;
and then a second number.
If the first number is greater, press
the left button. If the second
number is greater, press the
right button.
oAlpha Amplitude
oCoherenc
e
Differences in CNV
Summed Z-scores of EEG
Parameters
Brain Integration Scale
Frontal Coherence, Alpha Relative Power, and Brain
Preparatory Response
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
Non-TM
Short-term TM
Long-term TM
Correlation of the Brain Integration
Report Card with:
* p < .05, ** p < .01
Moral Reasoning
Emotional Stability
Openness to exp
State Anxiety
Trait Anxiety
Mean
Std
R (28)
3.46
0.41
0.66**
3.86
0.85
0.52**
4.42
0.47
0.46*
27.75
11.92
-0.46*
31.29
12.23
-0.47*
oTravis et al 2004, Consciousness and Cognition, 13/2, 401-420.
American University College Students
(random assignment to groups)
Integration
Scale (3
months
TM) TM)
BrainBrain
Integration
during
tasks
(3-mon
3.5
Brain Integration
3
p < .001
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pretest
Post Test
TM
Delayed Start
Travis et al, 2009
American University College Students
(random assignment to groups)
Integration
Scale (3
months
TM) TM)
BrainBrain
Integration
during
tasks
(3-mon
3.5
Brain Integration
3
p < .001
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pretest
Post Test
TM
Delayed Start
Travis et al, 2009
American University College Students
(random assignment to groups)
Integration
Scale (3
months
TM) TM)
BrainBrain
Integration
during
tasks
(3-mon
3.5
Brain Integration
3
p < .001
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pretest
Post Test
TM
Delayed Start
Travis et al, 2009
(Nidich et al, 2009)
Summed Z-scores of EEG
Parameters
Brain Integration Scale
Frontal Coherence, Alpha Relative Power, and Brain
Preparatory Response
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
Non-TM
Short-term TM
Long-term TM
Brain Integration Scale
Summed Z-scores s
Frontal Coherence, Alpha Relative
Power, and Brain Preparatory Response
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
Control
Athletes
World
Class
Athletes
Control Top-Level
Prof
Managers Managers Musician
Amateur
Musician
Police
Long term
TM
Summed Z-scores s
Brain Integration Scale
Frontal Coherence, Alpha Relative
Power, and Brain Preparatory Response
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
Control
Athletes
World
Class
Athletes
Control Top-Level
Managers Managers
Prof
Musician
Amateur
Musician
Police
Long term
TM
Summed Z-scores s
Brain Integration Scale
Frontal Coherence, Alpha Relative
Power, and Brain Preparatory Response
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Control
Athletes
World
Control Top-Level
Prof
Amateur
Class Managers Managers Musician Musician
Athletes
Police
Long term
TM
Thank you.
Any Questions?
[email protected]