Transcript Propaganda Techniques
On notebook paper:
• Title your paper Persuasive Technique • Write about a time you convinced someone to do something or buy something or believe something? What was it? How did you convince them? Do you think you are good at convincing people?
What is persuasion?
Generally an appeal to emotion, not intellect.
An attempt to change your behavior It attempts to “guide
your choice”
Persuasion
• A type of speech or writing, usually nonfiction, that tries to convince an audience to think and act in a certain way
Propaganda
… form of communication … aimed at is …
swaying or influencing
your attitude … toward or away from some cause or position.
Influence of Propaganda If you watch 30 hours of TV per week, you will… – View roughly 37,822 commercials per year
•That’s about 100 TV ads per day
You will see another 100 to 300 ads per day through other mass media
If companies did not think you could be influenced, they would not spend billions of $ on it!
Whose voice guides your choice?
Propaganda techniques will twist facts to sell readers on an idea—to convince them to agree with the writer.
Who uses propaganda?
• • • •
Military Media Advertisers Politicians
•
You and I!!!
Rhetorical Fallacies
Arguments that sound good, but are not sound!
Rhetorical fallacies
• Distract the audience with irrelevant appeals instead of using sound reasoning. • They can be divided into three categories: –
Emotional fallacies
audience’s emotions.
unfairly appeal to the –
Ethical fallacies
unreasonably advance the writer’s own authority or character.
–
Logical fallacies
depend upon faulty logic.
• • • •
Common propaganda techniques
Ad hominem Exaggeration Stereotyping Categorical Claims
Ethical fallacies
• Ad Hominem arguments attack a person’s character rather than that person’s reasoning.
– – Why should we think a candidate who recently divorced will keep her campaign promises?
Buy a car from me, because the Ford dealer down the street is an idiot and a liar.
Ad Hominem
• • • Latin for “against the man” Name calling This type of argument focuses on the opponent’s personality, character, or other qualities instead of the opponent’s argument
Logical fallacies
• Exaggerations occur when we overstate or overemphasize a point.
– The school test scores have improved dramatically since the new principal came on board. Obviously her leadership has been a real benefit for our school.
– There must have been a hundred million birds in that tree!
• Stereotypes are general beliefs we use to categorize people, objects, and events erroneously.
– I got bit by a large dog when I was little, so I stay away from all dogs now; they are vicious.
– Anyone who lives in that neighborhood is rich and stuck-up.
Stereotyping
• • • Definition- Making an unfair, too broad statement about a person or a group of people.
To believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same Example- “Teenagers are lazy” “Rap and Hip- Hop Artists have low moral standards”
Exaggeration
• • • A persuasive technique where the facts, data, results, etc. are, appear better or greater than they actually are Overstating something Stretching the truth
Logical fallacies
• Categorical Claim is based on the faulty logic of relating two things solely because they are in the same category.
– – She writes a lot in her journal. A person who writes a lot is certain to be a good writer. Therefore, she must be a good writer.
Chihuahuas are good inside dogs. Rottweilers are dogs; therefore, Rottweilers would be good inside dogs, too.
Categorical Claim
• • Defining a group by a set of common characteristics, often with malicious or offensive intent, ignoring that individuals are different. Example- “Anyone who watches professional wrestling is obviously uneducated and easily duped.”
More Propaganda Techniques
• • • • • • • •
Bandwagon Technique Testimonial Loaded Word Misuse of statistics Name calling Plain Folks Snob Appeal Transfer
Bandwagon
o Everybody is doing this. Join the crowd! You must JOIN in to FIT in!
o If you want to fit in, you need to “jump on the bandwagon” and do it too.
Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002
Bandwagon Technique
Testimonial & Endorsements
•A famous person endorses an idea, a product, a candidate and implies the person uses it and so should we!
•
Testimonial
Testimonials are quotations or endorsements which connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item.
Name-calling
•A negative word or feeling is attached to an idea, product, or person implying that we should not be interested.
Name calling example: In a campaign speech to a logging company, the Congressman referred to his environmentally conscious opponent as a "tree hugger."
Plain-folks appeal
This idea, product, or person is associated with normal, everyday people and activities.
•
Plain Folks
Makes the leaders look like Plain folks (mom and pop style).
a convincing method to show they are just common people.
Opposite of snob appeal
TOP 10 COMMERICAL JINGLES/SLOGANS 1. You Deserve a Break Today (McDonald’s) 2. Be All That You Can Be (U.S. Army) 3. Pepsi-Cola Hits The Spot (Pepsi-Cola) 4. Mmm Mmm Good! (Campbell Soup) 5. Just do it (Nike) 6. Good to the last drop (Maxwell House) 7. M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand (M&M candies) 8. I Wish I Were An Oscar Mayer Wiener (Oscar Mayer) 7. It’s The Real Thing (Coca-Cola)
What do all these pictures have in common?
Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause.
Which statement can be considered as propaganda?
A. Clowns are evil, scary creatures that enjoy making children cry.
B. Many clowns wear silly costumes, bright make-up, and wigs.
C. Circuses often hire clowns to perform in front of large audiences.
D. Some people attend a clown college to learn how to be a clown.
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
A. Bandwagon B. Loaded Words C. Testimonial D. Name-Calling E. Plain Folks F. Snob Appeal G. Misuse of Statistics H. Transfer
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
A. Bandwagon B. Loaded Words C. Testimonial D. Name-Calling E. Plain Folks F. Snob Appeal G. Misuse of Statistics H. Transfer
D. Name Calling
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
A. Bandwagon B. Loaded Words C. Testimonial D. Name-Calling E. Plain Folks F. Snob Appeal G. Misuse of Statistics H. Transfer
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
A. Bandwagon B. Loaded Words C. Testimonial D. Name-Calling E. Plain Folks F. Snob Appeal G. Misuse of Statistics H. Transfer
What type of propaganda is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Bandwagon Loaded Words Testimonial Name-Calling Plain Folks Snob Appeal Misuse of Statistics Transfer
What type of propaganda is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Bandwagon Loaded Words Testimonial Name-Calling Plain Folks Snob Appeal Misuse of Statistics Transfer
Choose the fallacy at work: “You can’t believe what Mr. Smith says because he is a liberal.” A.
B.
C.
D.
Categorical Claim Ad Hominem Exaggeration Stereotyping
Select the name of the rhetorical device that attacks the arguer instead of addressing the argument A.
B.
C.
D.
Categorical Claim Ad Hominem Exaggeration Stereotyping