Transcript Cyber Security of an ADS-B System - Center for Air Transportation

Design of A Cyber Security Framework 
for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
Sahar Amin
Tyler Clark
Rennix Offutt
Kate Serenko
2
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
3
Context Analysis
Increase in air
transportation and
air traffic
Need for
surveillance
systems to track
and monitor flights
Implementation of
NextGen by FAA
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
4
Context Analysis
Increase in air
transportation and
air traffic
Need for
surveillance
systems to track
and monitor flights
Implementation of
NextGen by FAA
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
5
Number of People Flying Each Year in US
Number of Passengers (Millions)
Number of Passengers (Millions)
300
250
Forecast
200
150
100
50
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
* Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Form 41 and 298C
2015
2020
2025
Years
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
2030
2035
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United States Air Carriers Fleet
US Air Carriers Fleet
10,000
9,000
Forecast
7,000
6,000
5,000
Mainline
4,000
Regional
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
Number of Planes
8,000
Year
*Source: FAA Aerospace Forecast: Fiscal Years 2012-2032
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
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US Airspace Congestion
Radar and
ADS-B
coverage
Only
ADS-B
coverage
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
8
Context Analysis
Increase in air
transportation and
air traffic
Need for
surveillance
systems to track
and monitor flights
Implementation of
NextGen by FAA
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
9
Surveillance
What:
Surveillance is close observation and monitoring of
changing information.
Why:
Surveillance in air transportation is needed to track and
monitor flights to maximize efficiency and safety in
airspace.
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
10
Primary Surveillance
 Primary Surveillance Radar
 Created to provide continuous
surveillance of air traffic disposition
 Uses a rotating antenna to transmit
electromagnetic waves that reflect
from aircraft surface up to 60 miles
from radar
 Problems: could only provide object’s
location; does not identify object
type; does not provide coverage over
oceanic regions
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
11
Secondary Surveillance Radar
 Secondary Surveillance Radar
 Initially developed as a wartime radar
system, called Identification Friend or
Foe (IFF)
 Attached to primary radar; relies on
aircraft transponders to transmit and
receive aircraft data
 Problems: expensive; does not
provide surveillance coverage over
oceanic regions
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
12
Context Analysis
Increase in air
transportation and
air traffic
Need for
surveillance
systems to track
and monitor flights
Implementation of
NextGen by FAA
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
13
Next Generation (Next Gen)
 Next Generation (Next Gen)
 New airspace for US to be implemented between 2012-2025
 New framework for flight tracking and monitoring
 Ground/radar-based tracking system  satellite-based tracking
system
 Major Component of NextGen: Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
14
Automatic Dependent SurveillanceBroadcast (ADS-B)
 Automatic – does not require interrogation
 Dependent – depends on location information from GPS
 Surveillance – provides situational awareness for ADS-B
equipped aircraft and ARTCC
 Broadcast – constant broadcasting of flight navigation
information
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
15
How ADS-B Works
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
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ADS-B Advantages
 Increased situational awareness for both pilots and ARTCC
 Provides surveillance coverage in areas without radar coverage
 Less expensive than traditional radar
 Information is broadcasted in real time
 Can decrease separation distance between aircraft
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
17
Decreased Separation Distance
Without ADS-B Coverage
One In, One Out
20 NM
With ADS-B Coverage
Separation
distance
decreased to
5 NM
5 NM
5 NM
5 NM
5 NM
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
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ADS-B Messages
DF:
Downlink
Format
AA:
ADS-B Data: Aircraft
CA:
Capability Individual type, Altitude, Latitude,
Aircraft
Longitude, Airborne
Address
Velocity
PI: Parity
Information (Error
Detection Code)
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
19
Cyber Security in Aviation
 Aviation has gone Cyber
 ADS-B transmits digital signals to ground servers and nearby
aircraft
 New threat vector in aviation
 Signals are unencrypted  signals can be spoofed or jammed
by adversaries
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
20
Threats
Spoofing
False Source
False Content
1090
MHz
1090
MHz
Jamming
1090
MHz
Ghost Plane
Flooding
Ground Station
Flooding
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
21
Scope Definition
 Oceanic area between two land masses covered by ARTCC
 No radar coverage – Only ADS-B surveillance
 Commercial aviation – en route flights
 Spoofing attacks only - concentrating on prevention of attacks
 Jamming is out of our scope because it cannot be prevented
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
22
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
23
Stakeholder Analysis
Crew/Pilots
Airline
Companies
ARTCC
ADS-B
Manufacturers
Congress
Passengers
FAA
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Labor
Unions
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Primary Stakeholders
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)
• Objective: provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world
ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Center)
• Objective: maintain safety and efficiency of flights in specified volume of
airspace at high altitudes
Airline Companies
• Objective: provide a safe and up-to-date aircraft; maximize profits
Crew/Pilots
• Objective: Provide safe and enjoyable flying experience for their customers
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
25
Secondary Stakeholders
ADS-B Manufacturers
• Objective: Provide aircraft with satellite-based surveillance system that allows for
more accurate and real-time transfer of flight data
Congress
• Objective: Control spending across government and government agencies
Passengers
• Objective: Arrive at destination safely and on time
Labor Unions
• Objective: Protects rights of workers, strive to secure better working conditions for
members, increase workers’ income
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
26
Stakeholder Tensions
FAA vs. Congress
• Budget for proposal
has to be approved by
Congress
• Tension if Congress
disagrees with
proposed FAA budget
FAA vs. Airline
Companies
• Airline companies
must follow and meet
requirements set by
FAA
• Tension if FAA wants
airplane companies to
pay for installation of
ADS-B systems in
aircraft
FAA vs. ARTCC
• ARTCC employees
must follow all rules
and regulations set by
FAA
• Tension if proposed
rules increase
workload and
employees are
required to learn how
to use new equipment
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
27
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
28
Gap Analysis
Number of Aircraft Handled by En
Route Traffic Control Centers (In
Millions)
Gap Analysis
70
60
Gap
50
40
30
20
10
0
1995
2000
* Source: FAA Aerospace Forecast
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Year
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
2030
2035
29
Problem Statement
Unencrypted communication between aircraft and ARTCC
ADS-B signals can be spoofed
Unreliable/untrustworthy signals
Location of aircraft cannot be determined with 100% certainty
Reduced situational awareness, threatened flight safety, reduced
airspace capacity
Decreased airspace efficiency
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
30
Win-Win Analysis
Solution is cost
effective
Implementation
occurs by 2020
Win-Win
Analysis
ADS-B signals are
secure and reliable
Separation distance
between aircraft is
decreased
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
31
Needs Statement
There is a need for a system that prevents spoofing attacks on
ADS-B signals sent from aircraft to ARTCC and between aircrafts.
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
32
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Mission Requirements
1.0 The system shall increase the capacity of airspace by 32% in the areas without radar
coverage.
1.1 The system shall decrease the separation distance between aircraft
to 3 nautical miles.
1.1.1 ADS-B messages shall be resistant to spoofing attacks Y%
of times.
1.1.2 A spoofing attack shall not overload the capacity of the airspace.
2.0 The system shall maintain or decrease accident rate of 0.291* accidents per 100,000
departures.
3.0 The system shall be ready to be implemented by 2020.
*Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Department
of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
34
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
35
Design Alternatives
1. Hashing
2. Symmetric Encryption
3. Asymmetric Encryption
4. Maintain Status Quo
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
36
1. Hashing
 What Is It?
 Goal – Confirming the source of a message
 Digital Signature/Hash created by sender – aircraft
 Attached at the end of the message
 Verified by receiver - ARTCC Fusion System
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Hashing Demo
Hash – attaching at the end of the message
Original Text
Text with Hash
Design of Cyber-Security
Prevention System for
ADS-B Based Surveillance
System
Design of Cyber-Security
Prevention System for
ADS-B Based Surveillance
SystemBc89236dec6d39f8
SHA-2
Algorithm
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
2. Symmetric Encryption
 What Is It?
 Encryption – converting data into code
 Symmetric – each entity has one private key
 Message encrypted with key has to be decrypted with the same
key
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
39
3. Asymmetric Encryption
 What Is It?
 Two keys – Public and Private
 Longer keys – stronger security
Message
from A
Encrypt
Private A
Encrypt
Public B
Message in
Public
Airspace
Decrypt
Private B
Decrypt
Public A
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Message
received at
B
40
Encryption Demo
Original Text
Design of CyberSecurity Prevention
System for ADS-B Based
Surveillance System
Key:
CyberSecurity
Encrypt
Decrypt
Encrypted Text
fJ9zVVvyyPFFyzhdyaeuV68Ayz
+gBHlVoFgzojMbIdZ8c2pOLtnd
L1wzL0BjONpNP0tZasspRPoa
NPdcNDT9fpQNDbvQSWOURC
fWQJWFKQI=
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
41
Design Alternatives Evaluation
Attack
Prevention
Ease of
Implementation
Security
Strength
Technology
Cost/Air
plane
Additional
Requirements
Spoofing
Easy
TBD
Available
Low
More bits
2. Symmetric
Encryption
Spoofing
Moderate
TBD
Available
Low
Key
Exchange
3. Asymmetric
Encryption
Spoofing
Moderate
TBD
Available
Low
Access to
public keys
4. Maintain
Status Quo
Nothing
Easy
Not
secure
None
None
None
Design
Alternative
1. Hashing
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
42
Value Hierarchy
Value Hierarchy
Security
Execution Time
WS
WE
Minimum Separation
Distance Achieved
Ease of
Implementation
WD
WI
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
43
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Design of Experiment
 Goal – show how securing ADS-B signals can increase airspace
capacity
 Verify the ability of the system to prevent cyber attacks and
maintain current safety level under diverse/dangerous conditions.
 Simulation Design:
 1. Signal Simulation
 2. Airspace Capacity Simulation
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
45
Simulation Design
1
ADS-B Messages
Design Alternatives
Spoofed Messages
2
Signal
Simulation
Separation Distance
Airspace
capacity
Airspace
Capacity
Simulation
Departure Streams
Arrival Capacities
Speed of Aircraft
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
Collision
Rate
46
1. Signal Simulation
 Purpose of simulation: evaluate reliability of design alternatives
 Simulating signals with and without signal security design
alternatives
 Output (reliability of signal security methods) of signal
simulation will be used as input to airspace capacity simulation
 Signal simulation will be programed in Matlab
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
47
2. Airspace Capacity Simulation
 Purpose of simulation: verify ability of system to maximize airspace
capacity and maintain safety levels
 Find the optimal separation distance for flights to operate in the
airspace  allows for increase in airspace capacity
 Simulation will abide by FAA regulations
 En route flights over oceanic area relying solely on ADS-B data
 Flight paths modeled after popular Gulf of Mexico flights
 Airspace capacity will be modeled in Arena
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
48
Airspace Simulation (Continued)
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
49
Arena Simulation Model
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
50
Single Cell Decision
 Planned/preferred path is in red
 If capacity of cell 1 (Level 0 Preference) is full:
 Level 1 Preference: Cells 2 or 4 (blue)
 Shortest path to 1 (2 iterations)
 Level 2 Preference: Cells 3,6 or 7 (green)
 3 iterations
 Level 3 Preference: Cell 9 (orange)
 4 iterations
 Will choose the highest ranked level with free capacity
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
51
Control Scenario
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
52
Attack Scenario
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
53
Attack Scenario (Continued)
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
54
Formulas for Simulation
𝑇𝐼𝐹𝐴𝑣𝑔
(𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 + 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑡 )
=
𝑁𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
=
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑉𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 − 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 −
(𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 )
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 = 𝑃 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ ∗ 𝑁𝑉 ∗ 100%
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
55
Expected Results
 We expect that asymmetric encryption will be the best design
alternative
 Easy to implement
 Technology is already available
 Inexpensive to implement
 Most secure design alternative
 No security issues related to key exchange
 Quick processing time
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
56
Agenda
 Context Analysis
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Statement & Needs Statement
 Mission Requirements
 Design Alternatives
 Preliminary Simulation Design
 Project Management
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
57
Work Breakdown Structure
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
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Work Breakdown Structure (Continued)

1.0 Management – Assigning tasks and deadlines, contacting sponsors, organization,
revision, etc
 2.0 Research & Data – Primary and secondary radar, ADS-B, meetings with sponsors, data
collection, etc

3.0 Conops & Requirements – Context analysis, stakeholder analysis, problem and
needs statement, requirements

4.0 Simulation/Analysis – Simulation design, implementation of simulation,
tradeoff analysis of alternatives, testing, results, conclusion

5.0 Documentation – Initial deliverables, conference papers, poster

6.0 Reports & Presentations – Prelim project plan and presentation, final project
plan and presentation, final report, faculty presentations, etc
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
59
Project Plan
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
60
Budget
Individual
hourly
rate:
$45/hour
Overhead
costs:
$54/hour
Total billing
rate per
person:
$99/hour
Estimated Time to Be Spent on Project: 1,350 Hours
Total Project Cost: $133,650
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
61
Earned Value, Actual Cost, Predicted
Value
Budget
160000
140000
Cost ($)
120000
100000
Cumulative PV
80000
Cumulative AC
EV
60000
Best Case
Worst Case
40000
20000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Weeks
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
62
Earned Value, Actual Cost, Predicted
Value
Budget
80000
70000
60000
Cost ($)
50000
Cumulative PV
Cumulative AC
40000
EV
30000
Best Case
Worst Case
20000
10000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Weeks
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
16
63
Cost Performance Index vs. Schedule
Performance Index
CPI vs. SPI
1.2
1
Ratio
0.8
0.6
CPI
SPI
0.4
0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Weeks
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
10
11
64
Project Risks
WBS Task
Risks
Mitigation
Techniques
1.0 Management
 Tasks not assigned with
correct deadlines
 Deliverables not completed by
internal team deadlines
 Sponsors do not reply after
being contacted
 Assign internal team deadlines
several days before official
deadlines
 Continue following up with
sponsors
2.0 Research
 Majority of research is not
completed by the middle of
the Fall semester
 Assign research tasks to each
team member so that research
findings can be combined
 Context Analysis, Stakeholder
 Make sure that each of these
Analysis, Problem Statement,
components is about 60%
Needs Statement, and
complete by mid-October
Requirements are not
complete by Final Project Plan
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
due date
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
3.0 Conops &
Requirements
SYST 490 - 2013
65
Project Risks (Continued)
WBS Task
Risks
Mitigation
Techniques
4.0 Simulation
 Not enough data for
simulation
 Data is not collected time for
simulation
 Simulation is too complex to
be modeled within time frame
of this project
 Begin data collection right
after Prelim Project Plan due
date
 Resize scope early in
semester; seek guidance from
sponsors
5.0 Documentation
 Documentation deliverables
are not completed by deadline
 Set internal team deadlines for
at least five days before official
deadline
6.0 Reports &
Presentations
 Reports or presentations are
not completed by deadline
 Set internal team deadlines for
at least five days before official
deadline
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013
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Questions?
Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research
Design of A Cyber Security Framework for ADS-B Based Surveillance Systems
SYST 490 - 2013