Transcript TM Waves
ELCT564 Spring 2012 Chapter 3: Waveguides and Transmission Lines 4/8/2015 ELCT564 1 Waveguides Metal Waveguides Dielectric Waveguides 4/8/2015 ELCT564 2 Comparison of Waveguides and Tlines Transmission Line Waveguide Two or more conductors separated by some insulating medium (two-wire, coaxial, microstrip, etc. Metal waveguides are typically one enclosed conductor filled with an insulating medium while a dielectric waveguide consists of multiple dielectrics Normal operating mode is the TEM or quasi-TEM mode (can support TE and TM modes but these modes are typically undesirable. Operating modes are TE or TM modes (can not support a TEM mode) No cutoff frequency for the TEM mode. Tline can transmit signals from DC up to high frequency Must operate the waveguide at a frequency above the respective TE or TM mode cutoff frequency for that mode to propogate Significant signal attenuation at high frequencies Lower signal attenuation at high frequencies Small cross section line can transmit only low power levels Can transmit high power levels Large cross section tlines can transmit high power leves. Large cross section waveguides are impractical due to large size and high cost. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 3 General Solutions for TEM, TE and TM Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 4 General Solutions for TEM, TE and TM Waves TEM Waves TE Waves TM Waves Attenuation due to Dielectric Loss 4/8/2015 ELCT564 5 Parallel Plate Waveguide TEM Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 6 Parallel Plate Waveguide TM Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 7 Parallel Plate Waveguide TE Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 8 Summary of Results for Parallel Plate Waveguide 4/8/2015 ELCT564 9 Rectangular Waveguide TE Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 10 Rectangular Waveguide TM Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 11 Summary of Results for Rectangular Waveguide 4/8/2015 ELCT564 12 Example I Consider a length of Teflon-filled (εr=2.08, tanδ=0.0004) copper K-band rectangular waveguide, having dimensions a=1.07 cm and b=0.43 cm. Find the cutoff frequencies of the first five propagating modes. If the operating frequency is 15 GHz, find the attenuation due to dielectric and conductor losses. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 13 Example II 4/8/2015 ELCT564 14 Circular Waveguide TE Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 15 Circular Waveguide TM Waves 4/8/2015 ELCT564 16 Summary of Results for Cirular Waveguide 4/8/2015 ELCT564 17 Example I Find the cutoff frequencies of the first two propagating modes of a Teflon-filled (εr=2.08, tanδ=0.0004) circular waveguide with a=0.5cm. If the interior of the guide is gold plated, calculated the overall loss in dB for a 30cm length operating at 14GHz. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 18 Example II 4/8/2015 ELCT564 19 Attenuation of Waveguides 4/8/2015 ELCT564 20 Coaxial Line Higher Order Modes 4/8/2015 ELCT564 21 Coaxial Line: Example Consider a piece of RG-401U coaxial cable, with inner and outer conductor diameter of 0.0645’’ and 0.215’’, and a Teflon dielectric(εr=2.2). What is the highest usable frequency before the TE11 waveguide mode starts to porpagate? =563.4 m-1 =18.15GHz Field lines for TEM mode of a coaxial line 4/8/2015 ELCT564 Field lines for TE11 mode of a coaxial line 22 Coaxial Connectors Connector Type Other names Female Male Maximum Frequency Phone plugs and jacks TS, TRS 100 kHz RCA Phono plugs and jacks 10MHz UHF PL-259 300MHz F Video 250MHz to 1 GHz BNC 2GHz C 12 GHz Type N 12GHz or more SMA 12 GHz or more 4/8/2015 2.4mm ELCT564 50GHz 23 Strip Line 4/8/2015 ELCT564 24 Strip Line: Example Find the width for a 50Ω copper stripline conductor, with b=0.32 cm and εr=2.2. If the dielectric loss tangent is 0.001 and the operating frequency is 10 GHz, calculate the attenuation in dB/λ. Assume a conductor thickness of t=0.1mm. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 25 Microstrip Line 4/8/2015 ELCT564 26 MicroStrip Line: Example Calculate the width and length of a 50Ω copper microstrip line, with a 90o phase shift at 2.5GHz. The substrate thickness is d=0.127 cm, with εr=2.2. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 27 Wave Velocities and Dispersion Dispersion: If the phase velocity is different for different frequencies, then the individual frequency components will not maintain their original phase relationships as they propagate down the transmission line or waveguide, and signal distortion will occur. Group Velocity Calculate the group velocity for a waveguide mode propagating in an air-filled guide. Compare this velocity to the phase velocity and speed of light. 4/8/2015 ELCT564 28 Summary of Transmission Lines and Waveguides Characteristic Coax Waveguide Stripline Microstrip TEM TE, TM TE10 TM, TE TEM TM,TE Quasi-TEM Hybrid TM, TE Dispersion None Medium None Low Bandwidth High Low High High Loss Medium Low High High Power Capacity Medium High Low Low Large Large Medium Small Medium Medium Easy Easy Hard Hard Fair Easy Modes: Preferred Other Physical Size Ease of Fabrication Integration with Others 4/8/2015 ELCT564 29 Other Lines and Guides 4/8/2015 ELCT564 30