ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S A R E T H E C O M P O U N D S T H AT C O N TA I N C A R B O N T H E Y C A N B E F O U N D I N P R O D U C T S M A D E F R O M L I V I N G T H I N G S O R T H I N G S T H AT A R E A R T I F I C I A L LY P R O D U C E D .

T H E Y A R E P A R T T H E S O L I D M AT T E R O F E V E R Y O R G A N I S M O N E A R T H .

R A W M AT E R I A L S F O R M O S T M A N U F A C T U R E D O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S C O M E F R O M P E T R O L E U M O R C R U D E O I L .

M A N Y O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S H A V E S I M I L A R P R O P E R T I E S I N T E R M S O F H A V I N G M E LT I N G P O I N T S , B O I L I N G P O I N T S , O D O R , E L E C T R I C A L C O N D U C T I V I T Y, A N D S O L U B I L I T Y.

M A N Y H A V E L O W M E LT I N G A N D L O W B O I L I N G P O I N T S T H E Y T E N D T O H A V E S T R O N G O D O R S D O N ’ T C O N D U C T E L E C T R I C C U R R E N T A N D D O N ’ T D I S S O LV E I N W AT E R .

CARBON COMPOUNDS

BY Lily, Jorge, and Skyler

Carbon atoms act as the backbone of a skeleton or the molecules of these compounds. Carbon compounds include gases such as, propane; liquids such as, olive oil; and solids such as, cotton. Mixtures of compounds can be found in food, paper, and shampoo.

organic compounds

organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. the term is used because scientists once thought that organic compounds could only be produced by living things. but, now scientists know that they can also be artificially produced.

 many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility.  many organic compounds have low melting points and low boiling points. as a result they have strong odors.

hydrocarbons

 the simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.  a hydrocarbon is a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon.

 Methane, the main gas in natural gas, and it is used to heat homes  Propane

STRUCTURE OF HYDROCARBONS

By: Athena the awesome Caden the grey Marleen the sparkles

CARBON CHAINS



A hydrocarbon may be straight, branched or ring shaped



They can be straight or branched

STRUCTURE FORMULA



A structure formula shows the kind, number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

METHANE CH

4

ETHANE C

2 H 6

PROPANE C

3 H 8

Compound that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas.

Butane and Isobutane





Double and Triple bonds

 Carbon can form a single or double bond with oxygen  Structural formulas represent a double bond with a double dash between two elements  A triple bond is indicated by a triple dash

Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons By Andrew Martin Penny Kibbe Jaquie Macias

Contents

     Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ConclusionS

Saturated Hydrocarbons

   Saturated Hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons (molecules with only Hydrogen and Carbon Atoms) in which all bonds are single bonds It has the maximum number of atoms in the valence field All saturated hydrocarbons end in the suffixes –ane

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

  Hydrocarbons in which at least one or more bonds are double or triple All unsaturated hydrocarbons end in the suffix –ene or –yne.

Simplest unsaturated Hydrocarbon and Function

    The simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon with one double bond is ethene (C2H4) Fruits produce ethene gas because it helps the fruit ripen.

The simplest hydrocarbon with one triple bond is ethyne (C2H2), also known as acetylene. Acetylene torches are used for welding.

Conclusion

     Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Conclusion

Substituted Hydrocarbons

And compounds containing halogens

• • • • Hydrocarbons contain only one carbon and one hydrogen Carbon can form stable bonds with several other elements Substituted hydrocarbon- atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons include- halogen-containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids

• • • One or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine Freon is used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air conditioners

Chapter 8 Stuff

By: Pierson, Caius, Joe

Substituted Hydrocarbons

• • •

Substituted Hydrocarbons are where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

If you change on hydrocarbon it becomes a completely different compound.

The carbon can bond with many other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens

Compounds Containing Halogens

• • • In some substituted hydrocarbons one or more halogens replace hydrogen atoms. Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Freon is used as a as a cooling agent in refrigerators.

Alcohols

• • • • An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups.

They have high boiling points and dissolve well in water When a hydroxyl group is substituted for one hydrogen atom in ethane, the result is ethanol.

Ethanol is produced naturally by the action of yeast or bacteria on the sugar stored in corn.

Organic Acids

• • • An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups.

A carboxyl group is written as –COOH You can find organic acids in many foods

Esters

• • • • An ester is a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid.

Many esters smell like fruit Esters are responsible for the smell of many fruits Some esters are used in medicines like aspirin

* By: Jack, Ruysch, and Max

* In chapter 8, our science textbook explains carbon compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon within them. It also talks about hydrocarbon, isomers, the carboxyl group, monomers, and so on. *

* An ester is a compound made by chemically combining alcohol and an organic acid.

*

* Very large molecules made of a chain of smaller molecules bonded together is a polymer. The prefix poly means “many” and mono means “one”.

*

* Some polymers are made by many living things. Examples are sheep growing wool and cotton fibers from cotton seeds. Synthetic polymers are made in factories. Nylon or polyesters are synthetic polymers.

*