Transcript Apache Webserver
Unix Tools
Getting Around
• pwd – – Print Working Directory Tells you where you are on the remote computer
•
Getting Around
LS – Lists directory contents L flag for ‘long list’
Getting Around
W = writable R = readable X = executable owner size date name
• cd
Getting Around
Go to the root of the server From there, go to the folder called ‘afs’ Now you’re in /afs
Operations
• Chown – Changes ownership of a file or folder chown [user] [file] chown gillw3 /var/logs chown –R gillw3 /var/logs Changes ownership of the folder ‘logs’ Changes ownership of the folder ‘logs’ and everything in it
Operations
• chmod – Modifies access rules for a file chmod [usertype] = [rights] [file] [usertype] can be one of u, g, or o (current owner, anyone in the owners group, anyone) [rights] can be r, w or x (read, write, execute)
Operations
• chmod chmod u=rwx somefile.txt
Operations
• cp – Copies a file cp [source] [destination] cp somefile.txt somefile_copy.txt
Operations
• mv – Moves a file mv [source] [destination] mv somefile.txt newname.txt (renames) mv somefile.txt /var/www/somefile.txt
(moves)
• rm – Removes a file
Operations
rm [file] rm somefile.txt
Operations
• wget – Gets a file (or more) from a web resource wget [url] wget http://www.rpi.edu/index.html (gets file, saves it to current directory as index.html) wget –O rpihome.html http://www.rpi.edu/index.html
(gets file, saves it to current directory as rpihome.html)
.sh files
• • Put shell commands in a file Call the file, all the commands run The following should be the top line of the file: #!/bin/sh
Operations
• • cron – allows users to set timers for operations to be exicuted crontab – A file that specifies what should be done when
Operations
• Crontab – Crontab –e (edits file) [min] [hour] [day of month] [month] [day of week] [command] [0-59, *] [0-23, *] [1-31, *] [1-12, *] [0-6, *] [command] 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * update-rss-feeds.sh
0 3 * * * managelogs.sh
Apache Webserver
Apache Webserver = httpd
• • • Hypertext transfer protocol daemon – Daemons are applications that run all the time listening for a request. When a request is made they do something.
Developed in 1995 Serves 50% of websites
HTTPD is Modular
• • • mod_php is added to allow php to be processed….
Modules may be added when the application is complied Modules may be dynamically added after the application is complied – apxs is a tool for managing dynamic modules – http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/apxs.html
Modules in httpd.conf
Modules
• • • mod_auth_cas – http://www.ja-sig.org/wiki/display/CASC/mod_auth_cas mod_auth_ldap – http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_auth_ldap.html
mod_proxy_fcgi – http://mproxyfcgi.sourceforge.net/
Configuring in httpd.conf
• • • Httpd.conf is read when httpd starts Restart httpd every time you edit httpd.conf
At all times, refer to the apache documenation – http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/
httpd.conf
• • • •
Allows server side includes in the specified folder Instructs httpd to follow shortcuts in the filesystem, to ignore .htaccess files, do not serve any content
Requires AFS login to any URL that has an /AFS in the path
Creates a virtual host, alert.rpi.edu
Only runs the re-write rules if mod_rewrite is loaded
.htaccess
• • Contains instructions, like those found in httpd.conf
File is parsed every time the server requests a resource in that folder, or a downstream folder
In Class Work
• • Using mod_rewrite to – Proxy – Make neato urls Create a httpd servable directory named ‘rewrite’
In Class Work
• • Allowing .htaccess files in httpd.conf
Add the following to httpd.conf
In Class Work
• • Create a file named .htaccess in ‘rewrite’ Add:
In Class Work
• • • Go to http://localhost/rewrite Rename .htaccess to example1.txt
Create another file named .htaccess
In Class Work
• Create index.php
1. echo $_GET[‘input’]; 2. Use ‘explode’ on $_GET[‘input’] to break the input into value key pairs