Digital Processing - Electrical & Computer Engineering
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Transcript Digital Processing - Electrical & Computer Engineering
ECE 2799
Electrical and Computer Engineering Design
ANALOG to DIGITAL
CONVERSION
Prof. Bitar
Last Update: 11-12-12
ADC Symbol
(Parallel Output)
DN
AIN
N Bits
ADC
D0
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Important ADC Parameters
Resolution
Accuracy
Conversion Time
S. J. Bitar - 2010
ADC Resolution
Number of Bits
Number of Discrete Levels
Example: N=8 Bits
2N = 28 = 256
Voltage per Step
ΔV = VFullScaleRange / 2N
= 5V / 256
= 19.53125 mV
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Conversion Table
(for ΔV = 1LSB = 5V / 256 = 19.53125 mV )
Dec.
Hex
Binary
V (mV)
0
00
0000 0000
0.000
1
01
0000 0001
19.531
2
02
0000 0010
39.063
.
.
128
.
.
.
.
80
.
.
.
.
1000 0000
.
.
.
.
2.500 V
.
.
255
FF
1111 1111
4.980 V
Q: How would you digitize 20mV?
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Voltage to Binary
Transfer Characteristic
Courtesy: Analog Devices AD7819 Datasheet
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Accuracy: Quantization Error
Quantization Error is often equal to ½ the
Least-Significant-Bit voltage.
In our example, that would be,
19.531mV / 2 = 9.766mV
As a percentage of VFSR, that would be,
9.766mV / 5.000 x 100 = 0.195%
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Conversion Time
The time required for the ADC to convert a
stable analog input voltage to a binary
number. (Implies the use of a S/H circuit.)
Depends greatly on the architecture of the
ADC. There are different types.
SAR (Successive Approximation Register)
Sigma-Delta
Flash
S. J. Bitar - 2010
How do You Choose ?
Well, how often do you need to sample
your analog waveform, if you want to
reproduce it accurately?
Nyquist Rate (minimum)
For audio, typically 44.1 kSPS is used.
That’s 22.67µsec per sample, so the
conversion time has to be faster than that!
S. J. Bitar - 2010
A Look at Two ADC’s
Analog Devices AD7819
Texas Instruments MSP430xx series
microcontrollers with built-in ADC’s
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AD7819 8-Bit Parallel DAC
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AD7819 Block Diagram
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AD7819 Pin Descriptions
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Package Pin Assignments
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AD7819 Converter Operation
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AD7819 Typical Circuit
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AD7819
Equivalent Analog Input Model
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AD7819 DC Acquisition Time
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AD7819
Transfer Characteristic
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AD7819 Microcontroller
Interfacing
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AD7819 Timing and Control
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MSP430xx ADC Features
Maximum conversion rate 200 ksps
Monotonic 10-bit converter
Internal sample-and-hold
Timer control option
Optional on-chip reference (1.5 V or 2.5 V)
Up to 12 inputs (depends on chip)
Internal temp reference
Selectable clock source
Multiple conversion modes
Auto-conversion storage / data transfer modes
S. J. Bitar - 2010
S. J. Bitar - 2010
Conversion Formula
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Analog Multiplexer
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Sample Timing
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Analog Input Model
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Conversion Mode Summary
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Conversion State Diagram
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Transferring Data to Memory
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Interrupt Driven Conversion
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ADC Registers
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Example: Control Register 1
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Example: Input Channel Select
S. J. Bitar - 2010