Transcript chapter review questions

PowerPoint® Clickers Slides
Questions
prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
11
Fundamentals
of the Nervous
System and
Nervous
Tissue
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The nervous system has three overlapping
functions. Which of the following represents
a logical sequence of these three functions?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sensory input, motor output, integration
Motor output, integration, sensory input
Sensory input, integration, motor output
Integration, sensory input, motor output
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The nervous system has three overlapping
functions. Which of the following represents
a logical sequence of these three functions?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sensory input, motor output, integration
Motor output, integration, sensory input
Sensory input, integration, motor output
Integration, sensory input, motor output
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
While studying for an exam, you reach for a
beverage. To extend your arm, your _______
nervous system is activated.
a)
b)
c)
d)
afferent
autonomic
sympathetic
somatic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
While studying for an exam, you reach for a
beverage. To extend your arm, your _______
nervous system is activated.
a)
b)
c)
d)
afferent
autonomic
sympathetic
somatic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The door slams shut loudly and you flinch.
After a few seconds, you realize that your
heart is beating very rapidly and forcefully.
This response is the result of your ______
nervous system.
a)
b)
c)
d)
afferent
autonomic
central
somatic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The door slams shut loudly and you flinch.
After a few seconds, you realize that your
heart is beating very rapidly and forcefully.
This response is the result of your ______
nervous system.
a)
b)
c)
d)
afferent
autonomic
central
somatic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Complete the following analogy: Electrical
wire is to electrical insulating tape as
peripheral neurons are to ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Complete the following analogy: Electrical
wire is to electrical insulating tape as
peripheral neurons are to ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each neuron in our bodies has a life span of
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
120 days
10 years
10 months
an average human life span
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each neuron in our bodies has a life span of
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
120 days
10 years
10 months
an average human life span
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
"Nerves" are found in the ______ while
"tracts" are found in the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
PNS; CNS
CNS; PNS
brain; legs and arms
spinal cord; brain
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
"Nerves" are found in the ______ while
"tracts" are found in the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
PNS; CNS
CNS; PNS
brain; legs and arms
spinal cord; brain
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The portion of an axon that communicates
with its target cell is the _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
dendrite
axon
axon terminal
cell body
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The portion of an axon that communicates
with its target cell is the _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
dendrite
axon
axon terminal
cell body
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis for differentiation between gray
matter and white matter in the CNS is the
presence of _______ in white matter.
a)
b)
c)
d)
unmyelinated fibers
myelinated fibers
Schwann cells
ependymal cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis for differentiation between gray
matter and white matter in the CNS is the
presence of _______ in white matter.
a)
b)
c)
d)
unmyelinated fibers
myelinated fibers
Schwann cells
ependymal cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
________ are the most common structural
type of neuron in humans.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pseudounipolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
________ are the most common structural
type of neuron in humans.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pseudounipolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When considering the relationship between
a structural classification and a functional
classification of neurons, it can be said that
____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
all multipolar neurons are interneurons
all motor neurons are unipolar neurons
essentially all bipolar neurons are sensory
neurons
unipolar neurons only function as motor neurons
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When considering the relationship between
a structural classification and a functional
classification of neurons, it can be said that
____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
all multipolar neurons are interneurons
all motor neurons are unipolar neurons
essentially all bipolar neurons are sensory
neurons
unipolar neurons only function as motor neurons
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As a general rule, the greater the potential
difference in charge between two points, the
__________ the voltage.
a)
b)
c)
d)
higher
lower
less difference in
more even
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As a general rule, the greater the potential
difference in charge between two points, the
__________ the voltage.
a)
b)
c)
d)
higher
lower
less difference in
more even
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a living neuron, which component
provides resistance to current flow?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the membrane
the axon
the cytoplasm
the ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a living neuron, which component
provides resistance to current flow?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the membrane
the axon
the cytoplasm
the ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sodium ion concentration in the cytoplasm
of a neuron ________ when its
voltage-gated sodium channels open.
a)
b)
c)
d)
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
decreases tenfold
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sodium ion concentration in the cytoplasm
of a neuron ________ when its
voltage-gated sodium channels open.
a)
b)
c)
d)
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
decreases tenfold
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The chief contributor to the negative charge
of a resting neuron's intracellular fluid is
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a high extracellular concentration of sodium ions
a high intracellular concentration of anionic proteins
a high intracellular concentration of potassium ions
a high extracellular concentration of chloride ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The chief contributor to the negative charge
of a resting neuron's intracellular fluid is
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a high extracellular concentration of sodium ions
a high intracellular concentration of anionic
proteins
a high intracellular concentration of potassium ions
a high extracellular concentration of chloride ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of potential does not decay with
distance?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Graded potential
Action potential
Generator potential
Both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of potential does not decay with
distance?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Graded potential
Action potential
Generator potential
Both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Maintenance of the resting membrane
potential is possible due to __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ATP expenditure of the neuron
the actions of the sodium-potassium pump
potassium ions spontaneously crossing to the
interior of the neuron
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Maintenance of the resting membrane
potential is possible due to __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ATP expenditure of the neuron
the actions of the sodium-potassium pump
potassium ions spontaneously crossing to the
interior of the neuron
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Depolarization of the neuron refers to
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a reduction in membrane potential
an increase in membrane potential
an increased negativity of the neuron interior
both b and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Depolarization of the neuron refers to
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a reduction in membrane potential
an increase in membrane potential
an increased negativity of the neuron interior
both b and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Neurons generally repolarize once the
membrane potential reaches approximately
+30 mV because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
voltage-gated sodium channel gates close
voltage-gated potassium channel gates open
chemically gated sodium channels open
voltage-gated calcium channel gates open
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Neurons generally repolarize once the
membrane potential reaches approximately
+30 mV because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
voltage-gated sodium channel gates close
voltage-gated potassium channel gates open
chemically gated sodium channels open
voltage-gated calcium channel gates open
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In an organism, action potentials are
propagated unidirectionally toward the axon
ending because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
membranes become nonresponsive due to inactive
sodium channels after action potential generation
action potentials are always propagated in an
anterograde fashion regardless of conditions
action potentials cannot start anywhere except at
the axon hillock
of both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In an organism, action potentials are
propagated unidirectionally toward the axon
ending because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
membranes become nonresponsive due to
inactive sodium channels after action potential
generation
action potentials are always propagated in an
anterograde fashion regardless of conditions
action potentials cannot start anywhere except at
the axon hillock
of both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
You would expect a neuron that depolarizes
to –75 mV would __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
return to resting membrane potential without
generating an action potential
fire a much more intense action potential with a
peak of +100 mV
fire a much less intense action potential with a
peak of +15 mV
hyperpolarize
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
You would expect a neuron that depolarizes
to –75 mV would __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
return to resting membrane potential without
generating an action potential
fire a much more intense action potential with a
peak of +100 mV
fire a much less intense action potential with a
peak of +15 mV
hyperpolarize
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The point at which the all-or-none principle
of action potential generation is reached is
termed the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
peak
depolarization point
threshold
point of no return
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The point at which the all-or-none principle
of action potential generation is reached is
termed the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
peak
depolarization point
threshold
point of no return
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Stronger stimuli are interpreted when the
CNS receives ________ action potentials.
a)
b)
c)
d)
higher magnitude
more frequent
lower magnitude
more infrequent
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Stronger stimuli are interpreted when the
CNS receives ________ action potentials.
a)
b)
c)
d)
higher magnitude
more frequent
lower magnitude
more infrequent
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of fiber is lightly myelinated and
transmits impulses at an average rate of 15
m/s?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Group A fibers
Group B fibers
Group C fibers
Group D fibers
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of fiber is lightly myelinated and
transmits impulses at an average rate of 15
m/s?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Group A fibers
Group B fibers
Group C fibers
Group D fibers
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the relative refractory period
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
no action potentials can be generated
the threshold is substantially elevated
exceptionally strong stimuli could trigger action
potentials
both b and c apply
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the relative refractory period
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
no action potentials can be generated
the threshold is substantially elevated
exceptionally strong stimuli could trigger action
potentials
both b and c apply
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The location at which a neuron interacts
with its target cell (another neuron or a
muscle cell or other effector cell) is called
the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
synapse
junction
connection
axoaxonic target
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The location at which a neuron interacts
with its target cell (another neuron or a
muscle cell or other effector cell) is called
the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
synapse
junction
connection
axoaxonic target
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following synapse types is the
most rapid?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Chemical synapse
Electrical synapse
Presynaptic synapse
None of these is more rapid than the others.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following synapse types is the
most rapid?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Chemical synapse
Electrical synapse
Presynaptic synapse
None of these is more rapid than the others.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the events involved in information
transfer across a chemical synapse, which
of the following steps would be directly
interrupted by exposing a neuron to a
calcium channel blocker?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Neurotransmitter exocytosis from the presynaptic
neuron
Depolarization of the presynaptic neuron
Binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic
membrane
Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the events involved in information
transfer across a chemical synapse, which
of the following steps would be directly
interrupted by exposing a neuron to a
calcium channel blocker?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Neurotransmitter exocytosis from the
presynaptic neuron
Depolarization of the presynaptic neuron
Binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic
membrane
Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Generally speaking, opening chloride
channels in the postsynaptic membrane will
result in an _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
excitatory postsynaptic potential
excitatory presynaptic potential
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
inhibitory presynaptic potential
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Generally speaking, opening chloride
channels in the postsynaptic membrane will
result in an _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
excitatory postsynaptic potential
excitatory presynaptic potential
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
inhibitory presynaptic potential
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Identify the false statement.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Temporal summation occurs with graded potentials.
EPSPs and IPSPs can summate spatially.
EPSPs and IPSPs can summate temporally.
Spatial summation occurs with action potentials.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Identify the false statement.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Temporal summation occurs with graded potentials.
EPSPs and IPSPs can summate spatially.
EPSPs and IPSPs can summate temporally.
Spatial summation occurs with action
potentials.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Certain psychoactive drugs exert their
effects by keeping the concentration of
neurotransmitters elevated within the
synapse. These drugs could act by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
inhibiting enzymes associated with the
postsynaptic membrane that degrade the
neurotransmitter
inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter by
astrocytes or the presynaptic terminal
Doing either a or b
doing neither a nor b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Certain psychoactive drugs exert their
effects by keeping the concentration of
neurotransmitters elevated within the
synapse. These drugs could act by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
inhibiting enzymes associated with the
postsynaptic membrane that degrade the
neurotransmitter
inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter by
astrocytes or the presynaptic terminal
Doing either a or b
doing neither a nor b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Neurotransmitters are important in
functioning of ______ synapses.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemical
electrical
gap
converging
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Neurotransmitters are important in
functioning of ______ synapses.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemical
electrical
gap
converging
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What occurs in the discharge zone of a
neuronal pool?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Neurons repolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons depolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons hyperpolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons are most likely to generate impulses.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What occurs in the discharge zone of a
neuronal pool?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Neurons repolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons depolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons hyperpolarize but do not reach threshold.
Neurons are most likely to generate impulses.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spinal reflexes are an example of _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
parallel processing
temporal summation
serial processing
spatial summation
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spinal reflexes are an example of _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
parallel processing
temporal summation
serial processing
spatial summation
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.