NEW WAYS TO REDUCE WATER FOOTPRINT IN FRESH WATER TREATMENT 3 rd Iberoamerican VLB Symposium Petropolis Brazil 18-21 Jun 2012 Michael Eumann EUWA Water Treatment Plants

Agenda

• • • • • • • • Development of Water Treatment in Breweries Sustainability Conventional Lime Precipitation Ultrafiltration Liquick Revese Osmosis Combining Reverse Osmosis and Liquick Test results

Brew Water Treatment

 Changes in ionic composition of brew water, primarily removal of bicarbonates, was the aim already in the early days of industrial brewing.

 Today mainly three different major methods are used in breweries for changing the ionic composition of the brew water: From the oldest to the newest:  Lime precipitation (LP),  Ion exchange (IX) and  Reverse osmosis (RO).

Brew Water Treatment in the Historical Context

Lime precipitation Ion exchange Reverse osmosis ?

1900 1925 1950 Year 1975 2000 2025

Sustainability

Lime precipitation Ion exchange Reverse osmosis

WATER FOOT PRINT

low medium high

ENERGY

low low high

CHEMICALS

low - medium (Ca(OH) 2 ) high (typically HCl) low (antiscalant, acid)

Lime (Ca(OH) 2 )  is a natural product,  is non-toxic.

Lime: Ca(OH) 2

Limestone quarray near Orosei, Sardinia (picture by Michael J. Zirbes; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org) Pamukkale, Turkey (picture by Mila Zinkova; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org)  CaCO 3 from lime precipitation can be easily used in other industries or even be recycled.

Conventional Lime Precipitation

Addition of lime (Ca(OH) 2 ): • Main reaction: Ca 2+ + 2 HCO 3 + Ca 2+ + 2 OH  2 CaCO 3 + 2 H 2 O • Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 can only be removed as Mg(OH) 2 , which requires higher pH-values  two-stage lime precipitation (system Morgenstern).

ONE-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION

Lime water Sand filter Raw water Lime milk Reactor 1 Brew water Since 1965

TWO-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION

Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 + 2Ca(OH) 2 => 2CaCO 3 + Mg(OH) 2 + 2H 2 O

Since 1965

•

Conventional Lime Precipitation

• Large footprint due to: Lime saturators • Reactor(s).

Ultrafiltration

 Ensures filtrate is free of particles, turbidity even under fluctuating flow conditions.

 Takes out bacteria and viruses.

 Ideal for surface water (e.g. river, lake) or as pretreatment for RO.

Water source Lime milk

ELIWA

Membrane filtration system Lime Water Storage Saturated Lime Water

 Replaces lime saturators.

 Small footprint.

 Provides clear and saturated lime water of constant quality.

ELIWA

LIQUICK

LIQUICK

 Replaces reactor(s).

 Small footprint.

 Provides clear, decarbonized brew water of constant quality.

REVERSE OSMOSIS

 Effective membrane deminerlisation by using high pressure  Low chemical consumption  Permeate (RO recovery) typically 70-90%

Test Results RO

Turbidity NTU pH Conductivity µs/cm Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 m-alkalinity ppm CaCO3 Sodium ppm Chloride ppm

Raw Water 90% Recovery

0.27

7.88

337 157 130 10 8 0.18

7.47

25 4 10 5 1

Raw water

Combining RO and LIQUICK

Brew water RO LIQUICK

Test Results The tests to treat the concentrate of the RO were performed at recovery rates of 92, 94 and 98%. Key water parameters were analyzed.

RECOVERY RATE

Turbidity NTU pH Conductivity µs/cm Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 m-alkalinity ppm CaCO3 Sodium ppm Chloride ppm

Test Results RO-LQ Permeate 92%

0.09

5.62

29 4 8 7 2

94%

0.15

5.47

31 5 9 7 2

98%

0.18

5.41

38 7 8 6 2

Test Results

98%!!!!

Summary and Outlook It has been clearly demonstrated that the combination of RO and LIQUICK is a very promising combination to significantly reduce the water footprint of RO, the most widely used water treatment system in breweries today, way beyond levels previously seemed possible. Further research and tests with different water qualities will be done in the near future.

There is lots of potential!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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