Frequency Control During Start-Up and Shut-Down of

Transcript Frequency Control During Start-Up and Shut-Down of

IMPACT TO FREQUENCY CONTROL DURING STARTUP AND SHUT DOWN OF UNITS

Sandip Sharma ERCOT Operations Analysis

Introduction

This presentation is intended to explain ERCOT’s expectation of the Resource Entities and QSEs during start-up and shut-down of the units based on the ERCOT Protocol, Operating Guides and Business Practice manual.

Due to improper start-up and shut-down at the individual performance Resource issues Charges.

level, and there Base have Point been Deviation At the system level, ERCOT has experienced frequency deviations and exhaustion of regulating reserves.

Objectives

At the completion of this course of instruction you will: 1.

Identify the QSE’s responsibilities during Startup and Shutdown.

Identify the correct sequence of generation resource Startup.

Identify the correct sequence of generation resource Shutdown.

Identify the impact on ERCOT Grid Operations of improper start-up or shut-down of units.

Identify the impact on ERCOT Market Operations of improper start up or shut-down of units.

Agenda

 Definitions  Resource Status  QSEs responsibility during Start-up  Start-up Sequence  Start-up issues  QSEs responsibility during Shut-Down  Shutdown issues  Other observed issues  Questions 4

         

Definitions

STARTUP

– The Resource is On-Line and in a start-up sequence and has no Ancillary Service Obligations. This Resource Status is only to be used for Real-Time telemetry purposes;

SHUTDOWN

– The Resource is On-Line and in a shut-down sequence, and has no Ancillary Service Obligations. This Resource Status is only to be used for Real-Time telemetry purposes;

GREDP

– Generation Resource Energy Deployment Performance

SCED

– Security Constrained Economic Dispatch

RLC

– Resource Limit Calculator

LSL

– Low Sustained Limit

HSL

– High Sustained Limit

NURR

– Normal Up-Ramp Rate

NDRR

– Normal Down-Ramp Rate

– Base Point 5



Resource Status



Startup and Shutdown Status



STARTUP – 16



SHUTDOWN - 15 Online Status



ONRUC – 1 (hour is RUC-committed interval)



ONREG – 2 (with energy offer curve and providing regulation)

 

ON – 3 (online with energy offer curve) ONDSR – 4 (dynamically scheduled resources)

   

ONOS – 5 (with output schedule) ONOSREG – 6 (with output schedule providing regulation) ONDSRREG ONOPTOUT – 7 (dynamically scheduled resource providing regulation) – 18 (online and the hour is a RUC buy back hour)



Offline Status

  

OUT – 11 (offline and unavailable) OFFNS OFF – 12 (reserved for offline non-spinning) – 13 (offline but available)

QSE’s Responsibility During Start-up

 Once the generator breaker is closed, QSE must change telemetered Resource Status to STARTUP from OFF. This should be done about a minute prior to SCED run.

 The QSE should telemeter a Normal Up Ramp Rate value to ERCOT that reflects the MW per minute rate at which the QSE anticipates bringing the Resource On-Line.

 Low Sustained Limit (LSL) and High Sustained Limit (HSL) should reflect the true capabilities of the Resource (In other words, don’t mess with them)  ERCOT does not expect the telemetered Ramp Rate value will be exactly correct, but the QSE should update the ramp rate as often as needed during the start-up process to provide a reasonable estimation 7

Start-up Sequence

 The QSE should align bringing the Resource On Line after a SCED execution, which takes into consideration the STARTUP status.

 RLC will calculate Low Dispatch Limit (LDL) as the telemetered real power output plus the five minute ramping capability of the Resources.

 RLC will set the High Dispatch Limit (HDL) equal to the Low Dispatch Limit (LDL) 8

Start-up Sequence

 When SCED observes Resource Status of STARTUP, SCED will issue a Base Point equal to LDL which is equal the current telemetered net real power plus five times normal ramp rate of the Resource  During periods in which the Resource has a telemetered Resource Status of STARTUP, the QSE is exempt from GREDP scoring and Base Point deviation charges.

 Once the Resource has reached a stable operating condition and is ready to be dispatched normally by SCED, the QSE should change the Resource Status to an appropriate online status and begin responding directly to ERCOT dispatch instructions.

Observed Issues

 #1.

Too high NURR during start-up

150 120 90 GENERATION BASEPOINT DEVIATION RESOURCE STATUS NURR 30 27 24 60 30 MW 0 09:55 -30 10:00 10:05 10:10 10:15 10:20 -60 21 10:25 10:30 10:35 10:40 10:45 18 NURR & 10:50 15 Status 12 9 -90 -120 -150 6 3 0

 #2.

Observed Issues

Too Low NURR during start-up

GENERATION 510 480 450 420 390 360 330 300 270 240 210 180 MW 150 120 90 60 30 0 -30 09:40 -60 -90 -120 -150 -180 -210 09:45 09:50 09:55 BASEPOINT DEVIATION RESOURCE STATUS 10:00 10:05 10:10 10:15 10:20 10:25 NURR 10:30 30 27 24 21 9 10:35 6 3 0 18 NURR & Status 15 12

CORRECT STARTUP SEQUENCE

600 565 530 495 460 425 390 355 320 MW 285 250 215 180 145 110 75 40 5 -30 05:25 -65 -100 GENERATION 05:30 05:35 BASEPOINT DEVIATION 05:40 05:45 RESOURCE STATUS 05:50 05:55 06:00 06:05 06:10 06:15 NURR 24 21 18 15 12 9 60 57 54 51 48 45 42 39 36 33 30 NURR & Status 27 3 0

QSEs Responsibility During Shut-Down

 The QSE will initiate the shut-down sequence by changing the Resource status to SHUTDOWN  The QSE should telemeter a Normal Down Ramp Rate value to ERCOT that reflects the MW per minute rate at which the QSE anticipates bringing the Resource Off-Line  The QSE should not begin taking the Resource Off-Line until a SCED execution has completed taking into consideration the SHUTDOWN status.

Shut-Down Sequence

 RLC will calculate HDL as the telemetered real power output minus the five-minute ramping capability  RLC will set the Low Dispatch Limit (LDL) equal to the High Dispatch Limit (HDL)  SCED will issue Base Points equal to the HDL and ramp the resource smoothly down to a Base Point of zero 14

Shut-Down Sequence

 During the shut-down process when the Base Points issued by SCED is above the Resource’s telemetered LSL, the QSE must follow the Base Point instructions issued by SCED  For periods in which the SCED Base Point is below the telemetered LSL, the QSE is exempt from Generation GREDP scoring and Base Point deviation charges  Once the Resource has reached a real power output level of zero and the generator breaker has been opened, the QSE will change the telemetered Resource Status to an appropriate offline status 15

Observed Issues

 #1.

NDRR not updated accurately during shut-down

UDBP BASEPOINT DEVIATION SCED BP RESOURCE STATUS GENERATION NDRR 1000 880 760 640 520 MW 400 280 160 40 -80 16:40 16:45 16:50 16:55 17:00 17:05 17:10 17:15 17:20 17:25 17:30 9 17:35 6 -200 3 33 30 27 24 21 18 NDRR & Status 15 12

Observed Issues

 #2 Improper sequence of shut-down

UDBP BASEPOINT DEVIATION SCED BP RESOURCE STATUS GENERATION NDRR 500 430 360 290 220 MW 150 80 10 -60 22:10 -130 -200 22:15 22:20 22:25 22:30 22:35 22:40 22:45 22:50 22:55 23:00 20 18 16 14 12 NDRR & Status 10 8 6 23:05 4 2 0

CORRECT SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE

UDBP 375 325 300 300 275 250 250 225 175 125 75 50 50 25 0 0 23:00 -25 23:00 -75 SCED BP GENERATION NDRR 22 25 21 20 22.5

19 18 20 17 16 17.5

15 14 15 13 12 11 10 NDRR & Status 10 Status 9 8 7.5

7 23:55 6 23:55 5 5 4 2.5

3 2 0

Other Observed Issues

 NURR/NDRR telemetry is correct but it is outside the RARF reasonability limit  For temporary limitations like configuration change, activation of power augmentation, start second boiler feed-pump, etc.

 Resource HSLs are not updated to reflect temporary limitations  SCED continuously dispatches these Resources economically  While SCED dispatches these Resources with temporary limits higher, SCED is also dispatching other more expensive generator lower. This has market impact as well as affects grid frequency and leads to exhaustion of regulation-up service.

 The impact of these large deviations are similar to what were discussed with Startup and Shutdown 1 For additional details on expected actions from a QSE, please see “ERCOT and QSE Operations Practices During the Operating Hour” Section 3.2 Generation Resource Power Operation. ( http://www.ercot.com/content/mktrules/bpm/BP%20ERCOT%20And%20QSE%20Operations%20Practices_v5%205.doc

) 19

Temporary Limitations without AS

HASL UDBP SCED BP

700 660 620 580 540 500 460 420 MW 380 340 300 260 220 180 140 100 60 20 -20 12:15 -60 -100 Into duct firing mode 12:20 12:25 12:30

GENERATION

12:35 12:40

HSL

12:45 12:50 12:55

BASEPOINT DEVIATION

13:00 13:05

NURR

50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 NURR/BP Deviation (MW) -140 -150

Temporary Limitations with AS

HASL UDBP SCED BP

700 660 620 580 540 500 460 420 MW 380 340 300 260 220 180 140 100 60 20 -20 12:15 -60 -100 Into duct firing mode 12:20 12:25 12:30

GENERATION

12:35 12:40

HSL

12:45 12:50 12:55

BASEPOINT DEVIATION

13:00 13:05 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120

NURR

50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 NURR/BP Deviation (MW) -140 -150

Summary

 Improper start-up and shut-down impacts Grid Frequency, leads to exhaustion of regulation service and has market impacts  What RLC and SCED expects during Start-Up and Shut-Down of units were explained  Proper sequence of start-up and shut down were explained 22

Questions

1. The QSE’s responsibilities during Startup include: a) about a minute before a SCED run, change Resource Status from OFF to STARTUP b) calculate Low Dispatch Limit (LDL) c) set the High Dispatch Limit (HDL) equal to the Low Dispatch Limit (LDL) d) issue a Base Point equal to LDL which is equal the current telemetered net real power 24

2. When SCED observes a Resource Status of STARTUP on a unit: a) It will issue a Base Point equal to LDL which is equal to current output plus 5 times NURR. b) It will issue a Base Point equal to Normal Down Ramp Rate value. c) It will change the Resource Status to ONLINE.

d) It will begin economically dispatching the unit.

3. The QSE correct sequence of generation resource Shut-Down is: a) The QSE will initiate the shut-down sequence by changing the Resource status to SHUTDOWN b) The QSE will telemeter a Normal Down Ramp Rate value to ERCOT c) The QSE should not begin taking the resource off-line until a SCED execution d) All of the above 26

4. One impact on ERCOT Grid Operations of improper shut-down of units is: a) Improper shut-down impacts grid frequency b) Off line non-spin is impacted c) Start of HRUC delayed during those hours d) Load resources are incorrectly calculated 27

5. One impact on ERCOT Market Operations of improper start-up of units is: a) Prolonged regulation deployment and impacts system lambda calculation b) DRUC is delayed for those hours c) HRUC is delayed for those hours d) Mid-term load forecast is incorrectly calculated 28