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7th Avenue and 7th Street
Reverse Lanes
•Overview
•Operational Analysis
•Public Opinion
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
Reverse Lane Public Hearing
Sunnyslope Community Center
October 6, 2010
1
Kerry Wilcoxon, P.E.
Reverse Lane Overview
Reverse Lane Study
Technical Analysis by Street
Transportation
Quality-of-life analysis by ASU PURL
Current studies
Including differences among neighborhoods
Operational Alternatives
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
2
Background
Mayor Hance identified traffic congestion
as #1 concern for Phoenicians in 1979
Mayor/Council directed staff to develop
low-cost solutions
Widening or building new streets was not
an option
Reverse lane selected to accommodate
growth in Central Core
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
3
7th Avenue &
th
7 Street
Central Phoenix
7th Street started in 1982
Adams to Dunlap Ave
Now McDowell to Dunlap
(7 miles)
7th Avenue started in 1979
McDowell to Northern Ave.
(6 miles)
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
4
CA
VE
CR
25TH AVE
PEORIA AVE
Without Reverse Lanes
2 Lanes SB each street
650 Vehicles/Hour/Lane
DUNLAP AVE
23RD AVE
7TH ST
EE
K
RD
7TH AVE
BUTLER DR
BUTLER DR
18TH ST
GLENDALE AVE
MARYLAND AVE
OSBORN RD
7TH ST
27TH AVE
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
20TH ST
16TH ST
2ND ST 2ND ST
12TH ST
CENTRAL AVE
BETHANY HOME RD
15TH AVE
19TH AVE
7TH AVE
SR 5
1
NORTHERN AVE
THOMAS RD
3RD ST
OAK ST
MC DOWELL RD
ADAMS ST
3RD AVE
PAPAGO FWY (I-10)
ROOSEVELT ST
VAN BUREN ST
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
³³
Without Reverse Lanes
3 Lanes NB each street
650 Vehicles/Hour/Lane
5
CR
25TH AVE
PEORIA AVE
CA
VE
With Reverse Lanes
3 Lanes SB
50% Capacity Increase
750 Vehicles/Hour/Lane
DUNLAP AVE
23RD AVE
7TH ST
EE
K
RD
7TH AVE
BUTLER DR
BUTLER DR
18TH ST
GLENDALE AVE
MARYLAND AVE
OSBORN RD
7TH ST
27TH AVE
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
20TH ST
16TH ST
2ND ST 2ND ST
12TH ST
CENTRAL AVE
BETHANY HOME RD
15TH AVE
19TH AVE
7TH AVE
SR 5
1
NORTHERN AVE
THOMAS RD
3RD ST
OAK ST
MC DOWELL RD
ADAMS ST
3RD AVE
PAPAGO FWY (I-10)
ROOSEVELT ST
VAN BUREN ST
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
³³
With Reverse Lanes
4 Lanes NB
33% Capacity Increase
750 Vehicles/Hour/Lane
6
Original Issues
Dilemma:
Benefit – Increased north/south traffic flow
Detriment – Limited turning movements
Concerns:
Neighborhood cut-through
Safety
Access (to businesses and neighborhoods)
Questions:
Are they still needed?
If yes, can they work better?
If no, what are the consequences (costs) of removal?
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
7
Study Approach
Engineering
Street
Transportation Department
Review current conditions
Forecast future demand
Public Perception
Phoenix
Urban Research Lab (PURL) ASU
Survey stakeholders
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
8
Street Transportation Dept
Crash Rates
Comparison
– 7th Ave to 19th Ave
7th St to 16th St
Lane Utilization
Percentage
of reverse lane utilization
Traffic speeds
Capacity Analyses
Traffic
flow modeling
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
9
Crash Rate Comparison
Methodology
Period 2003-2005 (pre-LRT)
Streets Examined - 19th Ave, 7th Ave, 7th St,
16th St
Crashes involving at least one north/south
vehicle
Study
Calculation
Crash Rate =
Crashes by Hours
Hourly Traffic Volumes x Length
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
10
16th St
7th St
7th Av
19th Av
Crash Rates AM Reverse Lane Hours
Northern Av
Glendale Av
Bethany Home Rd
HI
Camelback Rd
Segment
Intersection
Indian School Rd
Thomas Rd
McDowell Rd
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
11
16th St
7th St
7th Av
19th Av
Crash Rates PM Reverse Lane Hours
Northern Av
Glendale Av
Bethany Home Rd
HI
Camelback Rd
Segment
Intersection
Indian School Rd
Thomas Rd
McDowell Rd
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
12
16th St
7th St
7th Av
19th Av
Crash Rates Non-Reverse Lane Hours
Northern Av
Glendale Av
Bethany Home Rd
HI
Camelback Rd
Segment
Intersection
Indian School Rd
Thomas Rd
McDowell Rd
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
13
Common Type of Crashes
2001-2005
Most Common:
All Four Streets
Rear End
Most Severe:
19th Av
7th Av
7th St
16th St
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
Angle
Angle
Angle/Left Turn
Left Turn
14
Annualized Head-On Crashes
2001-2005
16th St – 5.4 crashes/year
7th St – 4.4
19th Ave – 3.4
7th Ave – 1.8
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
15
Annualized Pedestrian Crashes
2001-2005
19th Ave – 11.4 crashes/year
7th St – 11.2
16th St – 10.4
7th Ave – 6.0
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
16
N/A
27%
NORTHERN AV
NORTHERN AV
AM Peak Hours
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
30%
N
GLENDALE AV
GLENDALE AV
24%
30%
BETHANY HOME RD
BETHANY HOME RD
26%
7TH ST
2007
Reverse Lane
Utilization
7TH AV
25%
28%
CAMELBACK RD
CAMELBACK RD
23%
27%
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
25%
25%
THOMAS RD
THOMAS RD
18%
23%
17
N/A
16%
NORTHERN AV
NORTHERN AV
PM Peak Hours
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
18%
N
GLENDALE AV
GLENDALE AV
N/A
15%
BETHANY HOME RD
BETHANY HOME RD
14%
7TH ST
2007
Reverse Lane
Utilization
7TH AV
14%
17%
CAMELBACK RD
CAMELBACK RD
12%
15%
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
9%
11%
THOMAS RD
THOMAS RD
6%
9%
18
NORTHERN AV
NORTHERN AV
Current
Average
Speeds
Southbound AM
44
MPH
GLENDALE AV
BETHANY HOME RD
41
MPH
MPH
CAMELBACK RD
CAMELBACK RD
38
40
MPH
MPH
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
MPH
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
GLENDALE AV
BETHANY HOME RD
41
42
7TH ST
MPH
7TH AVE
44
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
THOMAS RD
THOMAS RD
N
19
NORTHERN AV
Current
Average
Speeds
Northbound PM
45
MPH
GLENDALE AV
BETHANY HOME RD
MPH
41
MPH
CAMELBACK RD
MPH
CAMELBACK RD
41
40
MPH
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
MPH
INDIAN SCHOOL RD
41
MPH
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
44
BETHANY HOME RD
43
THOMAS RD
7TH ST
7TH AVE
GLENDALE AV
NORTHERN AV
THOMAS RD
40
MPH
20
Capacity Analysis
Traffic Modeling
Existing
reverse lanes vs. Hypothetical
conditions
Input
Traffic Volume
Lane Configuration
Signal Timing
Output
Travel Time Comparison
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
21
Travel Times - 7th Avenue
McDowell to Northern - Actual and Predicted
45
40
35
Minutes
30
25
20
29
15
10
5
0
15
Actual
11
Predicted w/o
Reverse Lane
Morning Peak Hour
AM Peak
Hour
Travel Times
7:15
– 8:15
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
Actual
19
Predicted w/o
Reverse Lane
Afternoon Peak Hour
PM Peak Hour Travel Times
4:30 – 5:30
22
Travel Times - 7th Street
McDowell to Northern - Actual and Predicted
45
Minutes
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
44
30
25
Actual
20
Predicted w/o
Reverse Lane
Morning Peak Hour
AM Peak
Hour
Travel Times
7:15
– 8:15
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
Actual
Predicted w/o
Reverse Lane
Afternoon Peak Hour
4:30 – 5:30
PM Peak Hour Travel Times
23
Travel Time Comparison
Morning Peak Hour
Northern to McDowell Alignments
30
Minutes
25
20
25 min.
15
10
11 min.
15 min.
14 min.
10 min.
5
0
SR-51
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
16th St
7th St
7th Av
I-17
Morning Peak Hour
7:15 – 8:15
24
Travel Time Comparison
Afternoon Peak Hour
McDowell to Northern Alignments
30
Minutes
25
20
15
10
20 min.
12 min.
15 min.
11 min.
15 min.
5
0
SR-51
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
16th St
7th St
7th Av
I-17
Afternoon Peak Hour
4:30 – 5:30
25
Estimated Future Traffic - 2030
(thousands of vehicles per day)
Source: City of Phoenix Traffic Volume Map
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
Source: MAG Model
26
Reverse Lane Users
(Driver Home Zip Code)
85308
Union Hills Dr
53
101
85381
85306
85023
850
85382
85022
85304
85345
85050
85032
85254
w
v
85024
85027
85054
85310
85029
85028
85302
85021
85020
85051
85253
85016
85014
85012
85013
85015
85017
85019
85303
Glendale Av
85301
85018
85031
85033
85007
85035
85006
85008
85009
85043
85034
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
27
Neighborhood Cut Thru Analysis
Current:
Left-turn generated cut-thru
Cause: Left-turn restrictions at signals
Occurs: Downstream of signals
• Primarily left turns into neighborhoods
Predicted:
Congestion generated cut-thru
Cause: Low capacity at signals
Occurs: Upstream and downstream of signals
• Includes left and right turns into neighborhoods
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
28
Reverse Lane Usage
Before and After Light Rail
December 2008
Peak
Hour
Before
After
Morning
26%
29%
Afternoon
14%
16%
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
29
Traffic Counts
During Recession
14% reduction in Average Daily Traffic
(ADT) at city-wide count stations from
2005 to 2009
30% reduction in ADT on the reverse
lane streets from 2005 to 2009
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
30
Engineering Findings
• Traffic safety on 7th Avenue and 7th Street
similar to other arterial streets
•Reverse lanes carry a substantial amount of
rush hour traffic
•Removal would result in loss of capacity with
same demand
•Neighborhood cut-thru routes may shift
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
31
ASU Phoenix Urban Research Lab
(PURL) – Stakeholder Survey
Goal: Determine how stakeholders view the lanes and
how they would change them (improve, eliminate,
preserve)?
Process
Identify stakeholders
(drivers, peds, bicyclists, residents, business owners, etc.)
Conduct sample-based surveys of stakeholders
Conduct focus groups of stakeholder groups
Analyze survey and focus group responses
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
32
Quality-of-Life Study Results
Central Phoenix Neighborhoods
Very few satisfied with business-as-usual
Main
quality-of-life concerns:
Reverse lanes inhibit access
Most feel lanes are unsafe
Driver confusion
Would
recommend:
Keep the lanes & add electronic signage
Eliminate the reverse lane on 7th Street/7th Avenue
Little support to keep lanes with no changes
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
33
Quality-of-Life Study Results
North Central Neighborhoods
More satisfied with operation than other
stakeholders
More
than 50% say:
Lanes are safe and reduce travel time
Reverse lane signs are understandable
Would
recommend:
Enforcement and more left turn opportunities
Sign upgrades e.g., electronic signs
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
34
Operational Alternatives
Scenarios:
1. Maintain Reverse Lanes as is
2. Permanently Remove Reverse Lanes
3. Maintain Reverse Lane;
a. add flashing lights to existing signs
b. add electronic lane control beacons
4. Temporarily remove Reverse Lanes as test
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
35
Scenario 1 – Keep Reverse Lanes
No Change of Operation
Maintain existing reverse lane operation
-
-
Continue to optimize
Continue enforcement
Estimated Cost: $0
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
36
Scenario 2 – Permanently remove
Reverse Lane operation
Remove reverse lanes on both streets
- Remove existing signs and mast arms
- Install new turn arrows at major intersections
- Re-evaluate signal timing
- Public education campaign
Estimated Total Cost:
Without sign pole removal
With sign pole removal
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
$630,000
$955,000
37
Scenario 3a – Keep Reverse Lanes
Add flashing lights to existing signs
Install flashing lights to existing overhead signs
-
-
Supply power to existing sign poles
Install flashing beacons and wireless
communication equipment
Public education campaign
Estimated Total Cost: $3,850,000
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
38
Scenario 3b – Keep Reverse Lanes
Add electric lane control signals
Install additional new red X – Green Circle
lane control signals, additional poles and
new signs
-
-
Install additional signs and sign posts
Supply power to mast arms
Install supporting control equipment
Public education campaign
Estimated Total Cost: $24,510,000
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
39
Scenario 4 – Temporarily remove
Reverse Lane as test
Remove reverse lanes on 7th Avenue or 7th
Street
- Remove existing signs
- Public education campaign
Estimated Total Cost:
7th Avenue:
7th Street:
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
$65,000
$70,000
40
Ad-Hoc Committee Schedule
Aug - Sept
Sept - Oct
Reverse lane survey on-line (until 10/31/2010)
November
Task Force Meetings
Public Meetings
Task Force Meeting
Develop Recommendations
December
Presentation to City Council
Reverse Lane Survey:
http://lists.phoenix.gov/subscribe/survey?f=217
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department
41
Questions?
Kerry Wilcoxon
602-262-4613
[email protected]
[email protected]
City of Phoenix
Street Transportation Department