Transcript Vietnam War
Vietnam War
1954-1975
North
Vietnam
South
Vietnam
Hanoi
Gulf of
Tonkin
Laos
Cambodia
Thailand
China
Burma
South China
Sea
Smart Start: Part One
1. What do we
already know
about Vietnam?
2. What more do 3.Why would
we want to
Vietnam be
know? WHY?
classified as
one of the
turning points
in American
History?
4.What are
some justifiable
reasons as to
why a country
would go to
war?
Let’s talk history
Reading on Background
of Vietnam
Practice Close Reading
Highlight information that you feel is
important
In the margins, briefly explain why you
highlighted the information
Be ready to discuss
French Control
control Indochina –
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from
1893-1941 (Age of Imperialism)
Japan takes over Indochina during
WWII
Japan leaves Indochina in 1945
French want control again: WHY?
French
The French are back
After
WWII France assumes
they will get their colonies back
1946 France sends troops into
Vietnam and gain control of
southern half
1950 US enters Vietnam
struggle and sends aid to
France-WHY?
Primary Source:
Vietnamese Account of
Mistreatment at the
hands of French
Colonial Officials, 1914
Using historical thinking skills of
Contextualization and Close Reading
Presenter on Ho Chi
Minh
Ho Chi Minh
1930 became leader of the
Indochinese Communist Party
During WWII was in Russia and China
1945 Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam
and independent state
Asked Truman to honor Atlantic
Charter
Read Aloud: Call for the Revolutionary
League for the Independence of
Vietnam (1941)
Declaration of
Independence for
Vietnam
1945
Vietminh
Group
that wants
Vietnam’s
independence
Formed
in the
North under
Ho Chi Minh
Domino Theory (Read aloud
US
fears if one country falls to
communism after WWII it will be a
domino effect
One country, then the next and so
on
1954 Pres Eisenhower explains
this theory on tv
1954 French begin to pull out of
Vietnam after a defeat by the
Vietminh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP9QDRDLw6c
Stop: Book Reading
Geneva Accords
– July 1954
France, Great Britain, Soviet
Union, United States, China,
Cambodia, Laos and the Vietminh
Met in Geneva Switzerland
Divide Vietnam at 17th Parallel
North Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh –
Hanoi
South Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem –
Saigon
Elections to reunite in 1956
May
Handout on Diem
No Elections
Everyone
realizes the
communists will win the
elections
Therefore the elections aren’t
held and the country remains
divided
Kennedy sends in military
“advisors” to South Vietnam
16,000 (Early 1960’s)
Buddhist protests
Diem
is Catholic and limits rights
of Buddhists
Most of the South believes in
Buddhism
Buddhist monks burn themselves
in protest 1963 in the streets of
Saigon
Diem has hundreds arrested and
Buddhist temples destroyed
President Kennedy
Inaugural Speech : “The Torch Is Passed”
What is the message behind this address?
What is going to be the mission of the JFK
administration?
How does this set the tone for 1960s and
Vietnam?
Kennedy’s View on
Vietnam
Press Conference
Statement
What is the tone of Kennedy’s voice as
questioned about Vietnam?
Primary Source: One solider sister’s
letter to the president..early 1963.
US can no longer
support Diem
November
1, 1963
US supports a coup
Overthrow Diem
Diem is executed against Pres
Kennedy’s wishes
Death of a President
and its impact on the
nation
Reading from textbook
Conflict Deepens and fighting the war
Frustration grows
Presenter on Pres.
Johnson
Presenter on Gulf of
Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin
Johnson
fears losing Vietnam
South Vietnam is even more
unstable after Diems
assassination
August 4, 1964 Pres announces
North Vietnamese torpedo boats
attached a US destroyer – NV say
US ship was conducting a naval
raid
US allege a second incident
Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution
August
7, 1964 Pres Johnson
gets the support of Congress
Without having a formal
declaration of war
Congress gives Pres Johnson
broad military powers in
Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder –
bombing raids of NV begin
Presenter on Robert
McNamara
The Best and the Brightest reading
Presenter on Gen.
Westmoreland
General William
Westmoreland
US
commander in South Vietnam
Continued to request more troops
Work with ARVIN (Army of the
Republic of Vietnam) South
Vietnamese soldiers
War of attrition – gradual wearing
down of the enemy by continuous
harassment
Video on Pres. Johnson
Reaction so far…Is it fair to placed the
entire blame on Vietnam on Johnson?
If you were Johnson, what would you
have done?
Be sure to explain your response to
both questions.
Smart Start
What made Vietnam so difficult to
tackle?
What is meant by a living room war?
How would this play into the difficulties
with Vietnam?
Presenter on Weapons
and Tactics
North Vietnamese
Tactics
Hit
and run
Ambush
Booby traps
Land mines
Elaborate tunnel system
connecting villages
US tactics
War
of attrition
Napalm – gasoline based
bomb set fire to jungle
Agent Orange – leaf killing
toxic chemical
Search and Destroy
Presenter on Agent
Orange and Napalm
Presenter on
Landscape
Video clip from Forest Gump
List what Forrest Gump encountered
when they arrived in Vietnam
Reflect: What do we
know so far about
Vietnam?
Let’s take a more personal look at how
some Veteran’s experience changed
them forever.
Reading Assignment:
Chapter 30: Section 3 (Vietnam years at
Home)
Living Room War
Footage
of combat appeared
on the nightly news
What people saw was not what
they were hearing from the
government
Youth begin to protest
Media Role in Vietnam
As you listen/watch: take note on how
media played a vital role in persuading
public opinion of the conflict.
Presenter on Draft and
Youth Protests
Draft
18-26
– medical, join
National Guard, college, marriage
80 % of US soldiers were from
lower economic levels
African Americans accounted for
20% of deaths in Vietnam but only
made up 10 % of US population
Deferments
Women
Still
non combat
7500 army and navy nurses
Red Cross
USO – United States
Organization – hospitality and
entertainment of troops
Protests
College
campuses
Sit-ins
Marches
Doves
= people that think the
US should withdraw
Hawks = use all US military
power to defeat North Vietnam
Johnson’s “Peace
without Conquest”
Speech
Questions
1.
2.
3.
What is the tone of the speech?
Why did Pres. Johnson give this
speech? (Provide specific evidence
from the speech)
Going back to our chart in the
beginning, why must we go to war?
March on Washington
April 1965
20,000 protestors
1966 Pres Johnson changed college
deferments – had to be in good
academic standing
Small number of Vietnam vets
protested the war as well
Presenter on the Music
Credence Clear Revival
“Fortunate Son”
Country Joe McDonald “We all
gonna die”
Protests Songs
What is the tone
of the song?
What is the
message?
Reaction?
Edward Stanton “War”
Bryds: Turn, Turn, Turn.
8th of November (Big and Rich)
Presenter on the Tet
Offensive
Tet Offensive
January
30, 1968 Vietnamese New
Year Festival known as the Tet
Part of celebration are funeral
processions with firecrackers, flutes
Viet Cong hid weapons in coffins
100 South Vietnam cities were
surprise attached and 12 US air
bases
Went on for over one month
VC = 32,000 ARVIN and US = 3000
Nation turns on
Johnson
After
Tet Offensive Johnson’s
popularity plummeted
Pres Johnson chooses not to
run for reelection March 1968
Handout: Let’s see why
the Nation turns
Violence in the US
April
4, 1968 MLK, Jr
assassinated
100 cities across the US erupted
in violence
June 4, 1968 Robert Kennedy
assassinate
College campuses continued to
have protests
1968: The year that
changed everything
US Democratic Primary
in Chicago
Delegates
and protesters in Chicago
Mayor Daily worried about violence
Mobilized 12000 police and 5000
National Guard
Protestors put in a park – chaos
erupted
Police beat protesters with
nightsticks and sprayed them with
Mace
The whole world watched on TV
Republican Nixon Wins
During
election campaign promised
to end the war in Vietnam
By summer 1969, announced the
1st US troops would withdraw from
Vietnam
Vietnamization – plan to gradually
withdraw US troops and the South
Vietnamese take on the combat
role
Video Clip of Nixon
Presenters on Nixon
Presenter on Secret
War
Secret War
Nixon
ordered massive
bombing raids against supply
lines and bases on North
Vietnam
Bombed neighboring countries
of Laos and Cambodia that
had Viet Cong in the area
Presenter on Hmong
If not presenter: Read Article on the
Hmong in the Secret War
Reflection
Hmong
In
mountains of Laos
Some side with Viet Cong
Some side with US CIA
US allies help rescue downed
pilots, plant mines on Ho Chi
Minh Trail, set up US air base
in Northern Laos, and were
pilots themselves
Presenter on Mai Lai
Massacre
Mai Lai Massacre
March
of 1969 Massacre in the
paper in November 1969
Mai Lai small village in North
Vietnam
No signs of Viet Cong
US military rounded up villagers
and shot them – 100 innocent
women and children
We were following orders
25 officers charged with massacre
and cover-up
Other Masacres
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tQt
go4hKsM&feature=fvsr
Invasion of Cambodia
April
30, 1970 Nixon reports US
troops had invaded Cambodia to
clear out supplies for Viet Cong
College students erupted in
protest
1.5 million on 1200 campuses
Presenter on Kent
State and Youth
Protests
Kent State
In
Ohio
May 4, 1970
National Guard fired on a
crowd of student protestors
throwing rocks at them
9 wounded 4 killed
Presenter on Pentagon
Papers
Pentagon Papers
Nixon
had not told Congress
about Cambodia invasion
Nixon lost support
December 31, 1970 Congress
repealed the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution
June 1971 – former defense
employee 7000 pages – plans that
US govt never planned to end the
war
Article on Pentagon
Papers
Read through with a partner not near
to where you are sitting
As you read, highlight important facts
and details
After you read, go back and in the
margins, write in your own words why
you chose the detail/fact.
Nixon’s re-election
1972
– unknown at the time
US and Vietnam had been
meeting
Talks ended in December 1972
Nixon ordered Christmas
bombings
100000 bombs 11 days 2 cities –
Hanoi and Haiphong
Watergate
“Peace with Honor”
Handout
Examine the essential questions on
the handout as you listen and follow
the speech.
Be ready to discuss your perspective
of the speech
War is over
January
27, 1973
US signed and agreement
ending war
Nixon promised the use full
force if peace agreement was
not kept
March 29, 1973 last US
combat troops left for US
Nixon leaves office
August
8, 1974 Nixon goes on
tv and says he will resign
Nixon admitted no guilt
Gerald Ford becomes the 38th
Pres of the USA
Fall of Saigon
Within
two months the 1973
cease fire between N and S
was broken
March 1975 NV launched full
scale invasion of SV
America provided money but
would not send troops
April 30, 1975 NV capture
Saigon and SV surrenders
Presenter on Paris
Peace Accords
Presenter on Legacy of
the War
Impact of War
US
58000 killed 365000 wounded
SV 1.5 million killed
War in Cambodia
Hmong that helped US no longer
safe in Laos flee to Thailand
3.3 million soldiers PTSD
1975 First Hmong refugees arrive in
US
1982 Vietnam Wall
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www.suburbanchicagonews.com/.../ intro.htm
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http://www.swisscastles.ch/vietnam/photos/cuchi0771-75.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem
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en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Vietnam_War
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