Development of Biogas and Biofuels in India

MNRE WORKSHOP ON INDO-ASEAN COOPERATION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY 5 th November, 2012 Anil Dhussa, Director Ministry of New & Renewable Energy New Delhi

Bioenergy Options

MNRE

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Biomass Combustion / Co-generation

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Improved solid fuels (Pellet, Briquettes, Char)

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Gaseous Fuels -

Bio-chemical / Bio-methanation (Biogas) Thermo-chemical (Producer Gas) o

Liquid Fuels -

Extraction (Trans esterification / biodiesel) Thermo-Chemical (Pyrolysis Oil) Bio-chemical (Ethanol, Butanol)

Biomethanation

o Biomethanation / Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has emerged as a mature technology for energy from animal and agro-industrial wastes / residues, biomass and energy crops o Large Potential of energy recovery from above substrates and treatment & disposal of wastes

MNRE

Bio-energy Resources in India

MNRE Agricultural residues / energy crops

o Over 140 M ha arable land is estimated to produce over 700 MTA biomass o 50 M ha arable land is under mono cropping - potential for short cycle cellulosic biomass.

Cattle dung and Poultry droppings

o o o 1000 MTA from 300 million cows & buffaloes.

8 MTA from 500 million poultry birds.

MSW

By 2021 urban population likely to be 550 mil - would generate > 150 MTA of MSW

Potential in India

o Surplus biomass o Cows manure and poultry droppings : : o Urban Wastes : o Industrial Wastes : 17000 MW 1500 MW 2600 MW 1300 MW

Benefits of Biogas Technology

MNRE

o Biomethanation (AD) produces energy and treats waste o Contributes to energy security through use of local resources o Produces superior organic manure - Industrial AD Plants can produce assured quality organic fertilizer for improving profitability o De-centralised application for segregated organic wastes help to reduce landfills

Biogas from Industrial wastes Likely Capacities

o o o o o o Distilleries effluent : Dairies (milk processing) : Paper Mills (Black Liq. +) : Slaughterhouse waste Poultry droppings Cattle dung : : : 1 MW / 30 kL 100 kW / 3 lakh litres 1 MW / 60 TPD paper 100 kW / 10-12 TPD 1 MW / 1 Million birds 100 kW / 25 TPD

Biogas in India

o 4.5 M Household biogas plants based on cattle manure mainly for producing cooking fuel o Mid sized biogas plants based on cattle manure and other similar wastes for heat, electricity or motive power o Biogas from urban and industrial wastes and effluents o Co-digestion of farm / agricultural residues with urban and industrial wastes

MNRE

Biogas from Animal Manure and Agro-residues

MNRE

o 1 MW and 1.2 MW Cattle manure based biogas projects at Ludhiana, Punjab and Jabalpur, MP o About 2000 small and medium size biogas plants based on cattle manure for heat, electricity or motive power (5-25 kW) o 1 .5 and 2.5 MW biogas projects based on poultry droppings in Tamil Nadu o o Two projects of 4 MW each for agricultural wastes / residues in Punjab under installation

Biogas from Industrial Wastes

o o o o o 1.5 MW power from food processing and sugar industry solid waste Four biogas projects for bagasse / straw wash water in paper mills About 20 projects for heat and/or power from starch industry effluents Over 250 distilleries generating biogas for heat and/or power from their spent wash/effluent Demonstration projects for converting biogas into bio-CNG

MNRE

Biogas Plant Designs Top: Floating drum Bottom:Fixed dome MNRE

Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

MNRE 1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at a Dairy Complex Ludhiana, Punjab

MNRE

1.2 MW power project based on cattle manure at Dairy Colony in Jabalpur

Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

MNRE

Biomethanation of bagasse wash-water at Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Company

Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

MNRE

3000 cum biomethanation project for solid waste at Slaughterhouse in Andhra Pradesh

Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

MNRE

2 MW biogas power at a distillery

Kitchen waste biogas plant

MNRE

Government Support for Biogas Programme

MNRE

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Financial and fiscal support

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Provisions in the Electricity Act 2003

Open access to grid for RE power Preferential tariffs by State regulators RE Power Obligations for Transcos o

Capacity building measures

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Support for Research and Development

Biofuels in India

MNRE

o o o o

1 st generation Biofuels

- From molasses – bio-ethanol - From oil bearing seeds (SVO and biodiesel)

2 nd generation Biofuels:

ligno-cellulosic substrates - Ethanol through enzymatic fermentation - bio-crude, bio-oil (Thermo-chemical route)

3 rd 4 th generation Biofuels generation Biofuels:

Algae, green diesel CO 2 sequestration …….

National Biofuel Policy

MNRE

o Announced in December, 2009 o Development and utilization of indigenous non food feedstocks raised on degraded or waste lands o Thrust on research and development cultivation, processing and production of biofuels on o 20% Ethanol and Bio-diesel blending by 2017 – current target is 5% blending – achieving ~ 2%

Some Recent Initiatives

MNRE

o Identified quality germ-plasms of Jatropha and assessed their availability for multiplication o Facility for large scale micro-propagation of elite Jatropha genotypes under development o Demonstration projects on promising genotypes taken up o o Major thrust on R & D on 2 nd Biofuels Pilot projects set up Generation

Initiatives taken by Industry

MNRE

o Private and Public sector industry active in R&D, Plantation of oilseed bearing trees and production of bio-diesel and bio-ethanol o 10 bio-diesel plants set up with capacities ranging from 30-1600 TPD and aggregating to 3080 TPD.

o This production capacity can replace over 2% of the current diesel demand.

o Slowdown as adequate feedstock not available

MNRE

THANK YOU

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