Transcript California Juvenile
CALIFORNIA JUVENILE JUSTICE POLICY AND FUNDING UPDATE
PACIFIC JUVENILE DEFENDER CENTER Roundtable & Training Session September 22, 2012 – San Francisco, CA Presented by: David Steinhart
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COVERAGE Juvenile crime and incarceration trends
Update on juvenile arrests (statewide) Facility confinement trends Juveniles tried & sentenced as adults
Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) update
Governor’s full shutdown proposal– counties squash it in 2012 DJJ population in 2012 DJJ law & budget changes adopted in 2012- and key cases Future prospects for DJJ downsizing
Juvenile Justice Realignment– county level issues
Funding for realignment– and the State Auditor’s Report Persistent concerns about local sentences & levels of care
The Board of State and Community Corrections
Emerging juvenile justice policy and funding role
Other statewide issues of interest
November tax initiative– impact on public safety grants Pending legislative measures: school discipline, LWOP Leadership for change in California 2
California juvenile arrest and incarceration trends
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California Arrests of Juveniles 2010 Felony violent 13,200 Felony other 38,820 Status Offense 27,594 Misdemeanor 106,253
Source: California Department of Justice
2010 TOTAL JUVENILE ARRESTS 185,867 (down from 210,486 in 2001
)
Commonweal
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California Juvenile Felony Arrests and Juvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2010
100,000 3000 80,000 60,000
87916 85640 82748 76104 68503 6388963993 61539608785987161161 651896619165163 58555 52020
2500 2000 1500 40,000 1000 20,000 500 0 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale)
20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10
Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Source: California Department of Justice Commonweal
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California Arrests for VIOLENT crimes Juvenile and Adult Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2010
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Juvenile
Source: California Department of Justice
Adult
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California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2010 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 283 535 343 661 654 929 724 1123 866 1201 769 1115 716 970 252 318 275 399 335 346 254 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Juvenile court remand to adult court Prosecutor direct file in adult court Total transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of Justice Commonweal
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Adult Court Dispositions of Juveniles – 2010 (N = 715 dispositions) Convicted 607 (85%) Dismissed, Acquitted or Rt’d to Juv. Ct.
108 (15%)
Source: California Department of Justice.
State Prison 379 (62%) DJJ Commitment 5 (<1%) Probation 19 (3%) Probation with Jail 185 (31%) Jail 8 (1 %) Fine / Other 11 (2%)
Commonweal
California Juvenile Justice Facilities Average Daily Populations By placement type (4 th quarter 2009 and 2011) ADP 2009 = 14,300 ADP 2011= 10,800 2009 2011 Private Placements 3,000 (est) State DJJ 1,400 Private Placements 2,000 (est) State DJJ 1,000 Co. Probation Camps 3,700 Co. Probation Camps 2,900 Co. Juvenile Halls 6,200 Co. Juvenile Halls 4,900
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research), latest available data.
Commonweal
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Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) Update and trends
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California Division of Juvenile Facilities Institutional Population 1996 – 2011 (as of December 31 each year)
10,000 9572 9,000 8,000 7,000 8599 8083 7666 7305 6497 6,000 5557 5,000 4696 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
SB 81
3678 2999 2647 2293 17341602 1275 1031 0
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation Commonweal
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Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Justice Major Milestones 1996 -2012
1996: Sliding scale fees imposed for level V-VII commitments– CYA population drops swiftly 2000: Proposition 21 opens new doors to adult court 2004: Consent Decree in Farrell case vs. CYA– generates program costs that are catalysts for SB 81 2007: SB 81 bans future commitments of non-707 youth
DJJ POP 10,000
2010: DJJ parole is realigned to county probation 2012: Governor proposes to close DJJ, proposal dies but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is lowerred
1,000
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CYA-DJF Institution Closures Since 2000
CLOSED FACLITIES
Fred Nelles Karl Holton NCRC DW Nelson Paso Robles Stark Preston SCRC Total
Rated Capacity
650 388 326 433 690 1200 720 350 4,757
Year Closed
2003 2004 2004 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 --
STILL OPEN
Chaderjian OH Close Ventura- M Ventura- F Total
Rated Capacity
600 379 381 295 1,655
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DJJ Institutional Population June 30, 2012 by Court and Type of Commitment N= 922 inmates Adult Court E & M Cases (157
)
Juvenile Court Parole Violators (56) Juvenile Court 1 st Commitments (709)
Juv Court Commitment Adult Court E & M Cases Juv Court Parole Violator Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Div.
Commonweal
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Governor Proposes Full closure of DJJ in 2012
Counties rebel against the plan, Advocates are divided on shutdown terms Governor’s plan: close DJJ, pay counties $200 ml. more County response: “forget about it” Cite public safety concerns, lack of treatment resources Shutdown proposal is pulled back by Governor- dies Advocates split on merits Some press for complete shutdown. Others say shutdown premature without safeguards to stop flow of youth to state prison Prospects for future shutdown of what’s left of DJJ are dim
DJJ Legislative Outcome - 2012
In lieu of closure, modest downsizing controls were adopted in budget trailer bills in 2012: DJJ time adds to sentence are eliminated completely Top DJJ age of jurisdiction drops from 25 to 23 The 2011 county commitment fee is reduced from $125,000 to $24,000 per ward per year State parole will now end 18 months earlier (Jan. 2013)
Commonweal
Cases affecting DJJ commitments in 2012
In re C.H.
Ca Supreme Court, 53 Cal.4th 94 (Dec. 2011)
In re Greg F.
Opinion interprets SB 81 language as failing to authorize commitments of non WIC 707(b) sex offenders to DJJ Legislature quickly responds by rewriting the statute to clarify the court’s authority to commit a non-707 sex offender to DJJ (AB 324, effective For still-confined sex offenders sent to DJJ between 2007-2012 (N=65), whose commitments were invalid under In re C.H., AB 324 permits DJJ to keep them in DJJ to age 21 under contract with the committing county. ( (CA Supreme Court, August 2012, docket S191868) Upholds dismissal of lesser prior using WIC 782 to validate DJJ commitment on a prior WIC 707(b) offense (reversing the DCA on this).
Holds that Legislature never intended WIC 733 commitment language limit to trump Juvenile Court discretion to dismiss under WIC 782 Result: Ward with county disposition on a WIC 707/sex case can be leapfrogged into DJJ by dismissing an intervening, non-qualifying offense.
Juvenile Justice Realignment- County level issues
Funding the CA Juvenile Justice System--
Annual costs and fund sources ( 2012)
State Div. of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) Total budget $ 180 million County Probation Juv. Justice facilities and programs- total $1.7 billion
$15 million est.
Federal Funds $390 million CA State Grants and Funds $ 180 million State General Fund $1.25 billion est.
County General Funds
Sources: CA State Dept. of Finance; CDCR (DJJ and the Corrections Standards Authority); CA State Juv. Justice Commission (Master Plan, 2009) Commonweal
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State support for local juvenile justice operations under 2011-12 realignment Fund or Program 2007 Juv. Justice Realignment (SB 81) 2010 Div. Juv. Justice Parole Realignment Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Act (JJCPA) Juvenile Probation
Camp Funds- Camps
Juvenile Probation Camp
Funds- Programs
Total FY 11/12
$93 million $ 10 million $ 107 million $29 million $ 152 million
$ 391 million FY 12/13
$ 93 million $10 million $ 107 million $29 million $ 152 million
$ 391 million
Sources: CA Dept of Finance, Cal. State Association of Counties
Commonweal
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DJJ Realignment implementation- County issues and challenges
State Auditor’s Report (Sep. 2012) slams CSA and Legislature on SB 81 goals and performance measures Varied county responses to the realigned DJJ caseload: Special custody programs– e.g. Los Angeles camp Long term juvenile hall commitments– a growing concern Still unresolved: mental health, other local treatment needs State oversight of juvenile justice realignment— BSCC could assert a stronger leadership and coordination role, but it is too early to tell
Commonweal
County Allocations of State JJ Funds 10 largest for FY 09/10 (in $ millions)
COMBINED JJCPA, JPCF and YOBG ALLOCATIONS
L.A.
Orange S. Diego S. B'dino Riverside S.Clara
Alameda Sac'mento Kern Co.Costa
All others 0 $108.0
$49.4
$23.8
5 $12.8
$11.0
$9.0
$8.1
$18.4
$16.3
$16.3
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 $ Millions FY 09-10 45 50 55 60 $64.7
65 70
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Csa and bscc
Juvenile Justice Mission & Mandates
BSCC replaced Corrections Standards Authority effective July 1, 2012 Mandates include Oversee adult and juvenile corrections realignment– major focus on adult From CSA: juvenile justice grants (program, construction), facility standards, data An expanded mission statement- leadership on community corrections BSCC structure Independence from CDCR A smaller, reconstituted Board (12 members) Mandated stakeholder involvement in decision making BSCC Juvenile Justice role Remains to be seen how BSCC will take lead on juvenile justice policy and programs, or how it will modify CSA style and approach on key issues
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Other statewide issues of interest
November ballot tax measures— Fallout if Governor’s tax initiative (Prop 30) fails Bills pending with the Governor SB 9 (Yee, Review of Juvenile LWOP sentences) School discipline & expulsion reform bills Juvenile Justice policy issues on tap for 2013 & who are the lead policymakers in Sacramento?
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