World History: The Earth and its Peoples

Chapter 7 Networks of Communication And Exchange, 300 B.C.E. - 1100 C.E.

Objectives

• • • •

Identify the locations and describe the participants of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, and the trans-Saharan trade routes..

Define the term “Africanity” and explain the development of “Africanity” in terms of Bantu migrations..

Analyze the relationship between environment, transportation technology,and trade along the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan trade routes..

Discuss the causes and patterns of the spread of Buddhism and Christianity.

.

Silk Road Map

Overview

Remember to give Students their quizzes Back

Trade Routes • agricultural goods • manufactured goods • ideas • social system

Did more for cultural inclusion than any emperor or king.

The Silk Road

Silk Road

– connects Middle East to China – 1st Period: 150 BCE - 907 CE – 2nd Period: 13th-17th cen. CE • Origins – nomadic traders – Chinese demand for western products – Mesopotamian markets •

Parthians

• hybrid camels – existed solely for trade route

The Silk Road

Zhang Jian – Ferghana horses – alfalfa and domestic grapes • Chinese Exports – silk, pottery, paper • Impact of Trade – settling of Iranian nomads – import of Turkic peoples • yurts – interest in foreign religions – military • • chariot, bowmen

stirrup Prosperity from trade = peace

Silk Road Map

The Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean Maritime System

– Indian Ocean / South China Sea – multilingual / multiethnic seafarers – E. Africa, Arabia, India, China, and SE Asia • monsoons – lateen sails; long reaches – sail further from shore • colonies – economic, not political – warfare rare

The Indian Ocean

Origins of Contact and Trade • Africa – SE Asian settling of Madagascar • 2000 years ago • cultures of homeland – Mozambique Channel • 1500 years ago Impact –

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

- 7th century CE • extensive written record of trade • ports of call from E to W – bilingual and bicultural families • cosmopolitan in nature

Routes Across the Sahara

Sahara – 2500 BCE - 300 BCE • shift in cultural patterns south – Mediterranean - S. Africa barrier – source of European exploration •

trans-Saharan caravan routes

Culture – cave paintings • cliffs and caves – southern animals • hunters, cattle breeders, horse herders, camel riders • Trans Saharan Trade Routes – camel domestication

Camel Domestication

Camels in Africa – 1st century BCE – to Egypt from Arabia; S to N • saddle purposes • Trade – South • salt for forest products •

Sahel

‘coast’ – Saharan southern border – North • food for Roman Empire – Roman N. African farms • wild animals for Coliseum • post-Roman shift to Middle East

Berber: trade for gold dust

Sub-Saharan Africa

Ghana - 600 - 1076 CE – “land of gold” – 1st documentable W. Africa – African with Muslim traders • religious toleration Sub-Saharan Africa – most important cultural exchange – geographical obstacles

Sub-Saharan Africa

• • • Geography – Sahara, Atlantic, Indian, Red Sea – limited navigation of rivers

steppes

– treeless plains; coarse grass

savanna

– long grasses; scattered forests

tropical rain forest

•

Cultural traditions as a result of long period of isolation

Sub-Saharan Culture

Cultural Unity...

– –

“great traditions”

• written language, legal system, ethical codes, intellectual traditions

“small traditions”

• local customs and beliefs • less-population density • distance between tribes • lack of accessibility to interior – Common Elements • concept of kingship - isolation • fixed social categories • common agricultural cultivation • common music rituals … emanates from Sub-Sahara

Bantu Migrations

“Africanity” – common African quality

Bantu

– family of 300 sub-Saharan languages – proto-Bantu as fishermen and agriculturalists – iron-smelting • language distribution • spread of agriculture • use of iron tools

The Spread of Ideas

Where do ideas and beliefs start?

– Iron-smelting and pork Religion – royal sponsorship – monks, missionaries, and pilgrims • Silk Road and Indian Ocean – Buddhism • Ethiopian Christianity – Constantine’s missionaries – Patriarch of Alexandria – writing system • Armenian Christianity