Transcript Engineering Graduate Seminar - Faculty of Engineering and Applied
Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage for Ramea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power System
Prepared by : Khademul Islam Supervisor : Dr. Tariq Iqbal Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.John’s, Canada
April 25, 2011
OUTLINE
Introduction Ramea Hybrid System Specification System Sizing & Steady State Simulation Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Experimental Set-up Observations Design of Control System Results and Conclusions
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION OF RAMEA
•Ramea is a small island 10 km from the South coast of Newfoundland.
•Population is about 700.
•A traditional fishery community
Hybrid Power System
Hybrid systems by definition contain a number of power generation devices such as wind turbines, photovoltaic, micro-hydro and/or fossil fuel generators.
The use of renewable power generation systems reduces the use of expensive fuels, allows for the cleaner generation of electrical power and also improves the standard of living for many people in remote areas
WIND ENERGY SCENARIO IN CANADA
Canada is blessed with adequate wind resources.
Canada is in a better position to deploy many more number of WECS.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM
RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Load Characteristics
Peak Load – 1,211 kW Average Load – 528 kW Minimum Load – 202 kW Annual Energy – 4,556 MWh
Distribution System
4.16 kV, 2 Feeders
Energy Production
Nine wind turbines (6x65 kW and 3x100 kW).
Three diesel generators (3x925 kW).
Hydrogen generators (200 kW)
Load profile of Ramea
Wind Resource at Ramea
Weibull shape factor – 2.02.
Correlation factor – 0.947.
Diurnal pattern strength – 0.0584.
WIND TURBINES & HYDROGEN TANKS IN RAMEA ISLAND
FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
The amount of energy stored and released E, is calculated by means of the equation E= ½ Iω 2 Where, I= Moment of Inertia of the Flywheel and ω= Rotational speed of the Flywheel.
ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
High power density.
High energy density.
No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the flywheel is almost independent of the depth of the discharge and discharge cycle. It can operate equally well on shallow and on deep discharges. Optimizing e.g. battery design for load variations is difficult.
No periodic maintenance is required.
Short recharge time.
Scalable technology and universal localization.
Environmental friendly materials, low environmental impact
Table.1 represents the comparison among the three energy storage system such as Lead –acid battery, superconducting magnetic storage and flywheel storage system. From the above table we see that the flywheel is a mechanical battery with life time more than 20 years. It is also superior to other two with regards to temperature range, environmental impact and relative size
SYSTEM SIZING AND SIMULATION
Smart Energy (SE25) flywheel from Beacon Power Corporation is used for the system sizing which has highly cyclic capability, smart grid attributes, 20-years design life and sustainable technology.
Simulation is done in HOMER . For Homer simulation we used two conditions.
1.
2.
Simulation Without Flywheel Simulation With Flywheel Fig: Beacon SE25 Flywheel
HOMER SIMULATION WITHOUT FLYWHEEL
HOMER SIMULATION WITH FLYWHEEL
Comparison of Simulation Results without and with Flywheel Energy Storage System
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS FROM HOMER SIMULATION Considering Factors Electrical Properties Diesel Generator (D925) Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Emission Excess Electricity Renewable Fraction Maximum Renewable Penetration Electricity Generation Fuel Consumption Hours of Operations Number of Starts Hydrogen Consumption Mean Electrical efficiency Operational Life Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Unburned Hydrocarbon Sulfur Dioxide Without Flywheel 3.27% 0.238
65.5% 3540199 kWh/yr 965505 L/yr 752/yr 43848/yr 7223 kg/yr 34.6% 53.2 yr 2552953 kg/yr 6349 kg/yr 703 kg/yr 5127 kg/yr With Flywheel 1.94% 0.272
76.6% 3382941 kWh/yr 933848 L/yr 317/yr 18727/yr 3345 kg/yr 34.8% 126 yr 2459094 kg/yr 6092 kg/yr 675 kg/yr 4938 kg/yr
SIMULATION IN SIMULINK/MATLAB
65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation
WS=8m/s WS=8m/s WS=6m/s WS=6m/s WS=10m/s WS=10m/s
65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
WS= 6m/s WS= 6 m/s
100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
925kW Diesel Generator Simulation
Figure : Simulink Model of Diesel Generator Figure: Engine and Excitation System of Diesel Generator
Simulation Result of Diesel Generator
SIMULATION OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
A B C
Diesel Generator 925kW
a A b B c C SC Load
Main Average load 500kW
Continuous pow ergui Ws Wind Field 4.16 kV/ 480 V 150KVA Load1 Frequency Monotor Scope
A
a A b B c C SL
B C
3-Phase Breaker
Flywheel Energy Storage System
Open this block to visualize recorded signals Open this block to visualize recorded power signals Data Acquisition Station1 Data Acquisition Station 2
A B C Step Change in Load Wind-Diesel power system in Ramea, Newfoundland A B C 390kW A B C 300kW
SIMULATION RESULTS OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
Change in load Change in frequency Charging of FW Discharging of FW
Wind turbines and diesel generator simulation output of Ramea hybrid power system from Simulink.
Effect of load changing in system frequency and flywheel charging and discharging characteristics
Experimental Set-up
DC Machine Based FW Storage
Control able power supply
DC Motor/Generator
Control Signal Main Control System
Flywheel
Grid Supply
Components used
Controllable power supply (two) Phase control relay, 6V dc (two) Electromechanical relay (two) DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V) Data acquisition card [USB1208LS] from measurement computing. (one) Voltage and Current Sensor (one) Speed Sensor [output 0-10V dc ] (one) Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one) Logic Power Supply(+/- 15 Volts, DC) A personal Computer
Flywheel Disk
DC Motor Based FW Storage
DC Machine ( Motor/Generator ) Voltage Sensor Relays Current Sensor Amplifier circuit Data acquisition card
DC Current Transducer (CR5200)
Double Gain Amplifier
Calibration Curves Calibration Curve for the Rotational Speed of the Motor Calibration Curve for the Controllable Power Supply Unit
Electromechanical Relay and Relay Driving Circuit
CONTROL SYSTEM OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
No Start Initialize Motor Starting Parameters Read Voltage from Tacho Generator Read Voltage from the Grid Calculate actual speed of the machine Convert the grid Voltage to Frequency, f Yes Is f <60 Hz Operate Relay 1 (Generating Mode) Yes Is f >60 Hz Operate Relay 2 Motoring Mode) Display Results No
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
Vamax (Volts) 80 80 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 Vf (Volt) 100 100 100 80 100 100 80 70 70 60 Load(W) 100 200 200 100 300 300 300 300 100 300
Summary of Observations
Charge Energy 1.85E+01 1.84E+01 3.06E+01 3.33E+01 1.88E+01 3.24E+01 3.34E+01 3.54E+01 3.57E+01 3.12E+01 Discharge Energy 1.04E+01 1.03E+01 1.74E+01 1.81E+01 1.02E+01 1.71E+01 1.69E+01 1.95E+01 1.82E+01 1.73E+01 Efficiency (%) 56.21621622
55.97826087
56.92810458
54.34913017
54.25531915
52.87037037
50.5988024
55.08474576
50.98039216
55.44871795
Chrg Time (Sec) 235 264 340 341 235 353 325 295 356 353 Dcrge Time (Sec) 223 194 225 300 172 201 233 250 309 231
Design of Control System
Optimum Control System Design Parameters
Minimum Charging Parameters -Vamax=80 Volts, Vf = 100 Volts Maximum Discharging Parameters - Vf= 100, Load= 100 Watts
Armature and Field Control Circuit
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results clearly shows that an addition of a flywheel system will
Reduce excess electricity,
Increase maximum renewable penetration,
Reduce fuel consumption, and number of diesel starts per year,
Increase operational life and reduce emissions.
From Ramea system simulation in Simulink , it clearly shows that a step change in the load of 50kW will lead to a frequency deviation of 0.3Hz. System flywheel will provide more that 50kW for few seconds to maintain system frequency.
Based on the Experimental observations, a control system is designed for minimum input energy and maximum output energy.
Visual Basic language is used for the designed control system.
Therefore, we suggest an addition of a 25kWh flywheel system to Ramea hybrid power system.
Future Work
Pump Hydro Storage For Long Term Storage Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum enclosure made from high strength composite filament will be very efficient carbon
List of Publications:
1. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal “Flywheel Energy Storage System for an Isolated Wind Hydrogen-Diesel Power System” Presented in WESNet Poster Presentation, CanWEA, 2010, Montreal, Canada 2. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ashshan “Sizing and Simulation of Flywheel Energy Storage System for Ramea Hybrid Power System” Presented at 19th IEEE NECEC Conference 2010, St. John’s, Canada 3. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ahshan “Experimental Observations for Designing & Controlling of Flywheel Energy Storage System” Presented at 19th IEEE-NECEC Conference 2010, St.John’s, NL, Canada 4. K.Islam and M.T Iqbal “Sizing and Control of Flywheel Energy Storage for a Remote Hybrid Power System” Presented at WESNet Workshop, February 24-25, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada 2011.
Acknowledgment
Dr. Tariq Iqbal
This work is supported by a research grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through WESNet. We also thank Newfoundland Hydro and Memorial providing data and support University of Newfoundland for Also thanks to Razzaqul Ahshan, Nahidul Khan and Greg O Lory