Transcript Aralin 3: Ang Katangian at kahalagahan ng yamang tao ng Pilipinas

ANG KATANGIAN AT KAHALAGAHAN
NG YAMANG TAO NG PILIPINAS
Arvin Antonio V. Ortiz
Ano ang kaibahan ng dalawang larawan ng pamilya?
BALANGKAS NG POPULASYON NG PILIPINAS
Populasyon
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Kabuuang Populasyon
(sa milyon)
81.9
83.6
85.3
87.0
88.6
90.5
Density
270
276
284
290
295
302
Growth rate (sa
porsyento)
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Source: Asian Development Bank
DISTRIBUSYON AT KOMPOSISYON
• 2/5 ng kabuuang populasyon ng bansa o 37.01% ay
nasa gulang na 15 pababa (NSO, 2000)
• Kalahati ng kabuuang populasyon ng Pilipinas ay nasa
gulang 21 pababa
Source: US Census Bureau
Source: US Census Bureau
Source: US Census Bureau
Source: US Census Bureau
Source: US Census Bureau
EPEKTO NG PAGBABA NG TFR (TOTAL FERTILITY
RATE)
• Total Fertility Rate – average number of children a woman will
bear over her lifetime of reproduction (that is, from 14 to 49
years, although some would include only those from 15 to 45
years). More technically, the UN Statistics Division defines TFR
as “the number of children that would be born per woman,
assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the agespecific fertility rates of a specified country and reference
period.
• The TFR computation includes not only married women, but all
women. Hence, since many women bear zero or one child, the
rest should bear more than 2.1 if the population is to be
replaced.
• “Fertility levels in the 44 developed countries, which account for
19 per cent of the world population, are currently very low…
Fifteen, mostly located in Southern and Eastern Europe, have
reached levels of fertility unprecedented in human history
(below 1.3 children per woman). Since 1990-1995, fertility
decline has been the rule among most developed countries.”
(UNPD, World Population Prospect)
Population pyramid with
above-replacement TFR
MALE
AGE
70+
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Elderly
dependents
Economically
active
Young
dependents
FEMALE
50 yrs TFR below replacementAGE
(Ageing
Population)
70+
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
MALE
Elderly
dependents
60 yrs TFR below replacementAGE
70+
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Economically
active
Young
dependents
FEMALE
MALE
Elderly
dependents
Economically
active
Young
dependents
FEMALE
EFFECTS OF AGEING POPULATION
• Ageing countries will experience “demographic winter;”
• An older national population leads to extreme economic burden;
• The increasing number of beneficiaries in proportion to contributors;
gradually overburdens the pension fund and the social security system;
• The labor force will be older, less efficient and less capable of learning
new procedures and equipment with the latest technologies;
• Having fewer and older people means a smaller market;
• The number of children adults in ageing countries have to feed has
been decreasing in the last three decades, hence, parents are able to
lavish them with more material goods. But little did these children know
that when they, few as they are, become adults 30 years later, they
would have to care for an immense number of elderly;
BABIES DESPERATELY NEEDED
• 1. Restrict or limit contraception
• 2. Restrict or limit abortion
• 3. Restrict or limit education of girls
• 4. Restrict or limit employment of women
• 5. Facilitate early marriage
• 6. Match making to encourage marriage
• 7. Public relation campaigns for marriage, childbearing and
parenthood
• 8. Make child-raising a financial option for women (e.g.,
paid job)
• 9. Strengthen the economic security of motherhood
within the family
• 10. Paid maternity leave
• 11. Paid paternity leave
• 12. Cash bonus for birth of child
• 13. Cash payments for dependent children
• 14. Prenatal, antenatal health care and infertility
treatments
• 15. Infant and child care facilities
• 16. Pre-school and after school care facilities
• 17. Tax benefits or deductions for dependent children
• 18. Pensions, social security and elder-care services
related to childrearing
• 19. Part-time work opportunities for parents
• 20. Flexible working hours
• 21. Shared parental responsibilities between mothers
and fathers
• 22. Shared housework among males and females
• 23. Changed traditional roles of males and females so men
take on more female roles at home
• 24. Preferences for parents with dependent children, e.g.,
priorities in mortgages, housing, loans, government services
and benefits, etc.
• 25. Political/legal system more responsive to couples with
children, e.g., granting extra voting rights to adults with minor
children”
Source: J. Chamie, Low Fertility: Can Governments Make A
Difference?, p. 5.
• France gives as much as 800 Euros for every child born.
• In Laviano, the government gives 10,000 Euros for every
child born.
• Other cities or provinces provide a 200 Euro or more monthly
subsidy to mothers for every child or second child below two
years old, financially assist corporations to create day care
centers in their premises, set up match-making agencies for
young men and women to hopefully find a spouse, offer tax
breaks and so on. Many advertisements today depict
pregnant women in a very positive way, as if hoping that
many others would imitate them.
LEKSYON PARA SA PILIPINAS
• Tuluyang ibasura ang anumang panukala tungkol sa
“population control”;
• Gabayan at suportahan ang mga magulang upang
matukoy ang bilang ng anak na kaya nilang palakihin at
pag-aralin;
• Pagyamanin ang yamang paggawa/ yamang tao sa
halip na ituring itong hadlang sa kaunlaran
“A country’s standard of
living depends on its ability
to produce goods and
services.”
“human capital,” which refers to the skills,
education, health and training of
individuals, comprises around 80% of the
wealth of advanced countries, and hence
“can be neglected [only] at a country’s
peril.”
― Dr. Gary Becker, 1992 Nobel Prize Winner in Economic
Science
Simple literacy – kakayahan ng isang tao na bumasa, sumulat,
at umunawa ng simpleng mensahe sa anumang wika o
dayalekto.
Rehiyon
1989
1994
2000
2003
Pilipinas
89.8
93.9
92.3
93.4
NCR
98.1
98.8
98.1
99.0
ARMM
-
73.5
68.7
70.2
MAG-AARAL SA KOLEHIYO
• Sa S.Y. 2005-2006, nangunguna ang Medical and
Allied Courses
• Pumapangalawa rito ang Business Administration at
sinusundan ng Education and Teacher Training at
Engineering and Technology
• Simula 2001 hanggang 2006, kapuna-puna ang mabilis
na pagtaas ng bilang ng mga mag-aaral na kumukuha
ng Medical and Allied Courses, partikular ang nursing
ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS
• Labor force – lakas-paggawa ay tumutukoy sa
kabuuang bilang ng manggagawa 15 taon at pataas,
kabilang ang may trabaho, walang trabaho, at
naghahanap ng trabaho.
• Labor force participation rate – tumutukoy sa ratio ng
kabuuang bilang ng mga taong kabilang sa lakaspaggawa kung ihahambing sa kabuuang populasyon na
may gulang na 15 pataas.
• Employed – mga may gulang na 15 pataas na
nagtratrabaho.
• Unemployed – tumutukoy sa mga pansamantalang
natanggal sa trabaho, naghahanap ng trabaho, o mga
nais magtrabaho.
• Underemployed – ang mga may trabaho, ngunit hindi
natutugunan ang kumpletong oras ng paggawa dahil sa
sariling kagustuhan o dahil sa hindi makahanap ng fulltime na trabaho.
ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS MULA 2005
HANGGANG 2009
Oktubre 2005 Oktubre 2006 Oktubre 2007
2008
2009
Total 15 y.o. and over
54,799
55,989
56,845
57,848 59,327
Labor force
35,494
35,806
35,926
36,791 37,969
Employed
32,875
33,185
33,663
34,068 35,121
Unemployed
2,619
2,621
2,263
2,723
2,848
Underemployed
6,962
6,761
6,093
6,575
6,708
Labor force
participation rate
64.8
64.0
63.2
63.6
64.0
Employment rate
92.6
92.7
93.7
92.6
92.5
Unemployment rate
7.4
7.3
6.3
7.4
7.5
Underemployment rate
21.2
20.4
18.1
19.3
19.1
MGA PORMULA
Populasyon
Unemployment rate
= lakas-paggawa+wala sa lakaspaggawa
walang trabaho x100
=
lakas-paggawa
Employment rate
may trabaho
=
lakas-paggawa
x100
Underemployment rate
underemployed
=
lakas-paggawa
x100
Labor force participation rate
= lakas-paggawa
populasyon
x100
PAGPAPAUNLAD SA KALIDAD NG PAGGAWA
• Gawing produktibo ang mga tao sa
pamamagitan ng:
• Edukasyon
• Teknolohiya
• Kasanayan