Renal effects of crude khat (Catha edulis F.) extract
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Transcript Renal effects of crude khat (Catha edulis F.) extract
Frequency and predictors of consistent
condom use in HIV/AIDS patients receiving
antiretroviral therapy in Western Ethiopia
Zewdneh Shewamene Sabe (B.Pharm, MSc)
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
University of Gondar, Ethiopia
November 26, 2014
Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Materials and methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
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Introduction
o HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest public health
problems of sub-Saharan Africa countries
o Consistent condom use among others remains
the most effective barrier method against HIV
transmission
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Introduction…
Rationale of the study
o So far, facilitators and barriers to consistent
condom use among the public has been
addressed
o However, frequency and predictors of consistent
condom use in HIV/AIDS patients was not
studied adequately
o This scenario deserved to be investigated
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Objectives
o To investigate the frequency and predictors of
consistent condom use in HIV/AIDS patients
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Materials and Methods
Study setting and design
o The study was conducted at university of
Gondar referral Hospital anti-retroviral treatment
(ART) clinic
o A total of 330 randomly selected patients were
interviewed using structured interview guide
o Cross sectional study design was adapted from
April to May, 2013
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Materials and Methods…
Statistical analysis and ethical issues
o The data were coded, entered, cleaned, and analyzed
using SPSS Statistics, version 20 for Windows
o Descriptive statistics were conducted using frequencies
and proportions
o Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out
using logistic regression to examine associations
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Result and Discussion
Table 1: Socio-demographic Characteristics
Variables
Sex
Male
Female
Age(years)
18-30
31-45
46-65
>65
Religion
Orthodox
Muslim
Protestant
Marital status
Married
Single
Divorced
Widowed
Urban
Residence
Rural
Educational status Primary school
Secondary school
Higher education
Illiterate
Frequency (No = 317)
158
159
105
148
50
14
212
82
23
140
67
57
53
234
83
105
118
40
54
Percent (%)
49.8
50.2
33.1
46.7
15.8
4.4
66.9
25.9
7.2
44.2
21.1
18.0
16.7
73.8
26.2
33.1
37.3
12.6
8
17.0
Result...
Table 2: General awareness regarding condom use
Variables
Have u ever heard of condom?
Yes
No
Have you ever attend any condom session?
Yes
No
Correct use of condom will prevent HIV/AIDS Yes
transmission?
No
Correct use of condom will prevent STIs?
Yes
Correct use of condom will prevent pregnancy?
The HIV virus cannot pass` through the condom
I always use condom during sex in the last six
months
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
yes
No
Frequency
(n=317)
305
12
182
135
275
Percentage
(%)
96.2
3.8
57.4
42.6
86.8
42
267
13.2
84.2
50
295
22
238
79
250
67
15.8
93.1
6.9
75.1
24.9
78.9
21.1
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Result...
Table 3: Facilitators of consistent condom use
Consistent condom use Bivariate
Analysis COR
Yes
No
(95% CI)
Variables
Sex
Male
Female
Residenti Urban
al area Rural
Multivariate
analysis AOR
(95% CI)
Pvalue
140(88.6%) 18(11.4%) 8.38 (4.83-13.99) 6.87 (3.84-11.22) 0.001
1.00
110(69.1%) 49(30.9%) 1.00
188(80.3%) 46(19.7%) 6.40 (3.44-11.80) 4.65 (3.09-9.11)
62(74.6%) 21(25.4%) 1.00
1.00
84(80%)
Educatio Primary
nal
status
Secondary 99(83.9%)
21(20%)
0.001
1.98 (1.43-2.48)
1.45 (1.03-2.23)
0.023
19(16.1%) 2.00 (1.43-3.87)
1.74 (1.23-2.98)
0.011
Higher
37(92.5%)
3(7.5%)
12.38 (7.70-20.84) 8.98 (5.06-14.45) 0.001
Illiterate
30(55.6%)
24(44.4%) 1.00
1.00
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Result...
Consistent condom use was reported by 250
(78.9%) participants; 140 (88.6%) males and 110
(69.1%) of females (OR 6.87; 95% CI 3.84-11.22)
o Men were more exposed for dialogues with friends and
colleagues (Yalew et al, 2012)
o Females unable to negotiate condom use during sexual
intercourse (Kennedy et al 2007)
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Result...
Participants aged between 31-45 years (OR
1.98; 95%CI 1.51-2.29) were more likely to
practice consistent condom use compared to
other age groups
o Participants at sexually active age were more likely to
have better information concerning condom (Dia et
al, 2010, Hurtado et al, 2011)
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Result...
Consistent use of condom was significantly different
between urban (OR 4.65; 95% CI 3.09-9.11) and
rural participants
o Information gap would exist between these areas
(Dessie et al, 2011)
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Result...
Respondents with an advanced level of
education were more likely to report regular use
of condoms (OR 8.98; 95% CI 5.06-14.45)
compared to those without the education
o This result is quite similar with a study in Addis
Ababa public hospitals (Dessie et al, 2011) which
could possibly be due to behavioral changes
acquainted through education
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Result...
Duration since ART initiated was significant
predictor of consistent condom use (OR 3.91,
95%CI 2.07-6.25)
This could be due to the more robust counseling among
ART experienced patients compared to those who were
new for ART
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Conclusion
Significant portion of the following HIV/AIDS
patients were not using condom consistently
Females
Rural dwellers
Uneducated groups and
New ART users
In light of this, increasing awareness about the importance
of consistent condom use among HIV/AIDS patients will be
critical to reduce the transmission as well as infection by
multiple viral strains
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Acknowledgement
o University of Gondar
o Amref Health Africa
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