Feeder based DSM: Efficient Distribution Management

-- Vijay L Sonavane Member MERC 29 th April 2010

Issues for Discussion

 Features of conventional DSM initiatives  Rationale for feeder-based DSM programs  Feeder-profile & Consumption pattern analysis  Feeder-based implementation process  Summing up..

Features of conventional DSM initiatives

Conventional DSM initiatives

• • • • DSM system initiatives & Conservation measures focus on large scale/dispersed promotion of Load Management Examples: – CFLs in Urban/Rural sector or FTLs in multiple areas – Fans, A/Cs and Refrigerators: Urban System – Commercial building chiller replacements: Metro System Measurement & Verification done through: – Engineering calculations & Actual metering Apparently difficult to notice the savings

TOU tariff: DSM Option

• • • • • Time Of Use (TOU) tariff: Important DSM option Cost of purchasing peak power is the highest, so energy charges for peak time should be high Basic aim: to reduce peak time use of energy TOU tariff concept right from first MERC tariff order in May 2000.

TOU tariff for: HT Industries/ HT PWW/ LT Industries & LT Com: > 20 KW DEMD/ LT PWW/ HT Com

TOU for IND HT

•

Basic tariff EXP: 505 Ps/U, Non-Exp: 460 Ps/U

Time Slots: TOU Tariff : TTL tariff : Hrs in week 06-09 & 12-18 : 00 PS/U 09-12 : 505 PS/U : (+) 80 Ps/U : 585 PS/U : 63 : 21 18-22 22-06 : (+) 110 PS/U : 615 PS/U : (-) 85 PS/U : 420 PS/U : 28 : 56

Average tariff = 505 PS/U

• • • Consider a consumer uses 1 Unit all throughout the day TOU charges: 3x80 + 4x110 + 8(-85) = 240+440-680 = 00 PS No incentive for shifting of loads for continuous IND

International practice for TOU tariff

• Pacific Gas & Electric Co. US (Res tariff) (from 1 st

Average Tariff= $ 0.1477 PU

March 2010) Residential (E-6): Base line Energy charges: •

Summer: (May-Oct)

Peak : 01-07 PM (Mon  Fri) : $ 0.30142 (30 H) Partial Peak: 07-09 AM & 10 AM-0100 PM (M  F) & 05-08 PM (Sat) : $ 0.14865 (38 H) off-peak: All other periods : $ 0.10324 (100H) •

Winter (Nov-Apr)

Partial Peak: 05-08 PM (Mon  Off peak

Average tariff = $ 0.092197 PU

Fri) : $ 0. 10319 (15 H) : $ 0.09112 (153H)

TOU in MSEDCL (Feb 2010)

Category

HT IND HT-PWW Other HT/LT >27HP LT-IND< 27 HP LT IND> 27HP LT COM Example (*)

Consumer Nos.

12920 760 15,081

TOD meters Nos.

12913 753 4396

Consumpt ion 2200 0600

32.4% 33.0% 27.2%

Consumpt ion 06-09 & 12-18

38.0% 38.1% 45.6%

Consumpt ion 09-12

13.0% 12.6% 12.3%

Consumpt ion 18-22

16.5% 16.3% 14.9% 2,20,219 46,452 9762 67,607 35,147 5016 16.8% 26.0% 21.3% 33.3% 47.1% 43.0% 46.3% 37.5% 14.5% 15.1% 13.5% 12.5% 21.6% 15.8% 18.9% 16.7% (*) Consider 1 MW continuous load

Power Factor Penalty/ Incentive

• • • • • For HT IND/Com/PWW/ AG/ HT RC/ LT Com & IND >20KW, LT PWW LT For PF> 0.95, 1% incentive of amount of monthly bill, for each 1% improvement in PF > 0.95. For 0.99 PF, incentive is 5% & for unity PF Incentive is 7% For <0.90 PF, penal charges shall be @2% of the amount of monthly bill for first 1% fall below 0.90, beyond which penalty is 1% for each % point fall in PF.

In FEB 2010 billing, 18,647 Consumers paid PF penalty of Rs 7.41 Crores & 30,800 consumers got PF Incentive of Rs 73.17

Crores.

Installation of Capacitors  Higher PF  PF incentive

Rationale for feeder based DSM

Context of feeder-based DSM initiative … a scenario

Source Reliability Price Supply position Sub Station Revenue collection MW, MU, PF, THD, V, f Consumers – (Domestic, Industrial, PWW, Commercial) -- Interface leading to reduced demand-supply gaps

• • • • •

Advantages of feeder-based DSM options

Utility can choose feeders, where: – Transformer loading is high – Cost-to-serve is high Existing DT and feeder metering & Energy Accounting infrastructure will be used for feeder based DSM Pre & post-DSM implementation: energy throughput and load data will be used Easy to track savings Savings can provide essential equity in project selection

Feeder-based DSM implementation & SMART-Grids

 ◦ Integrated communications … real-time information & control

Remote data acquisition, real-time triggers (at consumer end)

 ◦ ◦ Sensing & measurement technologies…remote monitoring, TOU and DSM

Online/”visible” knowledge of fossil/Green Power & energy costs; real-time switch over between energy sources Demand-response programs

 ◦ Advanced control methods…rapid diagnosis

Apriori knowledge of grid failures, support to data centers, hospitals (essential loads)

 ◦ Improved interfaces & decision support

Higher integration with the load dispatch functions

Feeder profiles/ Consumption pattern Analysis

Feeder & DT metering: Issues

• • • • • • 11,401 feeders (11/22/33KV)/ 2.86 Lakh DTs Monitoring of feeder & DT Meter status Metering System: (Meter + CTs + PTs) At EHV & 33/11KV, 22/11KV substations hourly meter readings are taken, but at many places, only Ammeters are available.

DT metering & DT meter reading is an issue Consumer Indexing (DT  Consumers)

Category

Analysis of consumption (per consumer utilization) (1/3)

Consumer Nos.

MU sale (Apr 09 – Feb 10) Per consumer per month units Per consumer per month bill in RS Rs Per unit AVG billing rate

R- BPL R- Dom LT I R- HT Res Complex Com- LT II Com- HT Com Com- LT Hording 2.77 L 111.51

379 12.02 L 2786 1564 57 10586 298 2868 1434 3 19 86 71,500 217 46,792 1918 24 378 3,57,390 1770 4,66,950 29,700 1.25

4.39

5.00

8.15

9.95

15.48

Category

Analysis of consumption (per consumer utilization) (2/3)

Consumer Nos.

MU sale (Apr 09 – Feb 10) Per consumer per month units Per consumer per month Bill in Rs.

Rs Per unit AVG billing rate

HT-IND Express HT-IND Non Express LT IND PWW-HT PWW-LT St. Light 1602 8784 2.37L

767 45430 67619 13510 7179 2971 1230 437 659 7.67 L 74,000 1140 1.46 L 874 886 38.5 L 3.77 L 63,214 5.82 L 2101 3226 5.01

5.07

5.55

3.99

2.40

3.65

Analysis of consumption

Category

(per consumer utilization) (3/3)

Consumer Nos.

MU sale (Apr 09 – Per consumer Per consumer Rs Per unit AVG billing Feb 10) per month units per month bill in Rs.

rate

Govt. Tariff Subsidy HT AG LT AG Met: 13.43 L Un met 14.05 L LT Power Loom MSEDCL 1063 27.48 L 45,430 15.87 M 435 11,802 2259 57,596 45,468 477 2466 3299 38,700 290 4990 13,307 0.85

0.61

2.02

4.03

Salient Observations for MSEDCL

• • • • • Average Monthly Consumption (Units/consumer/month): Res: 86 Com:217 LT IND: 1140 LT PWW:874 LT AG: 477 LT Hoardings: 1918 St Light: 866

LT AG/Consumer/Month consumption is higher than Res & Com

ABR: (PS/Unit) Res: 439 LT, Com: 815, HT COM: 995, St. Light: 365 LT Hording: 1548, HT-R Complexes: 500, LT PWW: 240 HT IND E: 501, LT IND: 555, HT PWW: 399, HT AG: 85, LT AG: 61, P/L: 202 (AVG ABR: 403 PS/U)

Taking Consumer/ feeder/ DT meter readings at regular interval is essential. Billing through Assessment has to be minimized.

Pilot project results should be discussed at all levels during various review meetings.

Utility

COMPARISON of UTILITIES in Maharashtra (LT Res Consumers)

MSEDCL

Average monthly Units consumption in R category

86

Per Unit billed revenue in Ps/unit

378

Consumers having consumption < 100 & < 300 Units/Month

89.70 L

TTL Residential consumers

111.51 L BEST RInfra-Dist TPC-Dist 219 144 177 915 757 734 100 U:2.20 L 300 U :3.56 L 100 U:9.53 L 300 U:12.02 L 100 U:39,833 300 U:61,810 7.07 L 26.18 L 1.37 L

Consumer Base Vs Sale (%) analysis

Sector

Residential Commercial Industrial

Consumer base (%)

72.0%

Utilization /Sale (%)

19.0% 7.6% 1.6% Power loom Agricultural 0.3% 17.3% PWW/ Street light 0.7% 7.5% 41.1% 3.9% 21.2% 4.0%

Remarks

First priority Second Priority Fourth Priority Third Priority

4 5 2 3

Sr. No.

1 6 7 Total

Type of Feeders in MSEDCL

Type of feeder

EHV/HV Express MIDC Public Water Supply Urban Mixed Rural (1 PH + NO LM) Separated AG Separated Gaothans

Nos.

544 816 243

%

2548 4639 1353 1228 11,401 4.8% 7.2% 2.1% 22.3% 40.8% 11.9% 10.9% 100%

Feeder-based DSM implementation process

Feeder-based DSM Project Development

      Feeder identification:

Sequence: EHV/HV IND EXP, Non Express feeders, MIDC feeders, PWW feeders, Separated AG & Gaothan Feeders, Urban, Rural feeders

Data generation: feeder wise consumer mapping Data analysis: Pre DSM consumption data & expected results after DSM DSM benefit-cost analysis: Energy savings Tendering & implementation: Period to be minimum Monitoring and verification: Third party evaluation 24

DSM Program process

Identify project & negotiate with customers Submit initial application Approve initial application based on defined criteria Allocate / reserve funding Prepare standard offer agreement Approve or reject application Submit final application Finalize measures and prepare M&V plans Initiate project Submit installation report Approve or reject installation report Make installation payment

Utility actions Project sponsor actions

Make performance payments Approve or reject savings reports Conduct M&V activities and submit savings reports 25

Rural feeder-based DSM options

• • DSM Scheme can be developed around: – – Energy throughput at the rural 11 KV interface (meter) Linking of ( i) agriculture pumping,(ii) rural industries, (iii) households and (iv) municipal systems (lighting, water pumping) as a seamless module DSM integration options include: – – Efficient end-use in the rural household (CFL, EE fans) Efficient pumping: EE pumps (Mangalvedha Project) – – Water conservation measures (saving water & Energy) Productive use of biomass (Gassifiers & Biomass Fuel) 26

Urban feeder-based DSM options

• Mixed feeders with commercial, public buildings, water pumping and residential feeders: – Energy throughput at dedicated sub-station or 33/11 KV interface (Correct metering) – Benefits from variety of end-users (Mixed feeder) – Lighting (CFL, FTL), Star rating Fans, A/Cs & Refrigerators, EE Society water pump/motor, Commercial use to be reduced, LT Industries: EE motors, Capacitors.

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Summing up …

Conclusions

… • • • •

Benefits of DSM are the best on feeders & DTs which are

overloaded. Immediate CAPEX investments can be deferred, for some time.

High Quality of metering of feeders & DTs is required for getting the benefits of demand shift, Energy Conservation & Load Management Sequence of Feeder DSM implementation: Dedicated AG/IND

feeders, MIDC areas,

Commercial buildings, housing complexes, mixed Urban feeders & mixed Rural feeders with AG/village loads Monetization of benefits of such locations will yield true cost benefit analysis of such efforts.

“If it is to be… It is up to me!”

Mother Teresa 30

THANK YOU!!

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" My motto in life is that…

Nothing is impossible, No target is unachievable… One just has to try harder and harder…" KIRAN BEDI

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“Dream is not what you see in sleep.

Dream is the thing which does not let you sleep.

”

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